Models and Structuring, management homework help

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  • Review Question 6 (Dunn, p. 108) and select one of the ill-structured problems taken from the journal Policy Analysis (now the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management Under the title “Department of Unintended Consequences”. Analyze the problem; then, provide an example on how classification analysis, hierarchy analysis, and synectics might be used to structure the problem you selected. Identify the problem you selected in your discussion with one of the following key phrases: (a) Egyptian agriculture, (b) ecologists and field mice, (c) San Francisco’s North Beach parking.
  • From the case study, Case 3.1, analyze the problem; then, provide two key differences in data collection represented by the process of group interviewing and content analysis. Take a position on which data collection method is better. Provide at least two reasons for your position.

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H. 31: of Planning, 155-69.) are peas- 6. The ill-structured problems that follow nal Policy Analysis (now the Journal of Policy taken from illustrations published in the jour- Analysis and Management) under the title "Department of Unintended Consequences." For several thousand years, Egyptian agricul. ture depended on the fertilizing sediment deposited by the flood of the Nile. No longer, however. Due to expensive modern technology intended to improve the age-old lot of the s John Gall, writing in the New York Times ant, Egypt's fields must be artificially fertilized. Magazine (December 26, 1976), reports that the Nile sediment is now deposited in the Aswan Dam's Lake Nasser. Much of the dam's electrical output is used to supply enormous amounts of electricity to new fertilizer plants made necessary by the construction of the dam. University of Illinois ecologists can explain how certain harmful field mice spread from their native regions into areas where they had never before been found. They are using the new, limited-access, cross-country highways , which turn out to be easy escape routes with few barriers. Older highways and roads, as well as railroad rights-of-way, run into towns and villages every few miles and effectively deter mice migration. The Illinois group found that before interstate highways central Illinois, one type of mouse was limited to a single county. But in six years of super highways the four-inch-long creatures / spread sixty miles south through the center of the state. The ecologists are concerned lest the become a threat in central and southem ran through have a species that loves to chew on treen Demonstration Exercise 109 Beach resident- now $10 poorer-still spends a lot of time driving around the block. counties where apple orchards abound (Wall Street Journal, December 1, 1977). Edward J. Moody ... argues persuasively that wurship of Satan has the effect of normalizing abnormal people. Thus, to "keep secret" from ordinary people their satanic power and exis- tence, such persons are urged to behave as straight as possible. The effect, of course, is more effective social relations—the goal for tich Satan's name has been invoked in the first place! (P. E. Hammond, "Review of Religious Movements in Contemporary America, Science, May 2, 1975, p. 442). Residents of San Francisco's North Beach seas must now pay $10 for the privilege of parking in their own neighborhood. A residen- tal parking plan was recently implemented to prevent commuters from using the area as a daytime parking lot. But according to a story in the San Francisco Bay Guardian (March 14, 1978), the plan has in no way improved the residential parking situation. Numbers of commuters from outlying districts of the city have simply been changing their car registra- tions to North Beach addresses, A North Choose one of these problems and write a short essay on how classification analysis, hier- archy analysis, and synectics might be used to structure this problem. 7. Construct a scenario on the state of one of the following problem situations in the year 2030: Availability of public mass transit Arms control and national security Crime prevention and public safety Quality of public education State of the world's ecological system 8. Select two editorials on a current issue of public policy from two newspapers (e.g., New York Times, Washington Post, The Economist, Le Monde) or news magazine (e.g., Newsweek, The New Republic, National Review). After reading the editorial: a. Use the procedures for argumentation analysis (Chapter 8) to display contending positions and underlying assumptions. b. Rate the assumptions and plot them accord- ing to their plausibility and importance (Figure 3.16). c. Which arguments are the most plausible? 114 CHAPTER 3 Structuring Policy Problems Boundary Estimate 120 100% 100 75% 80 Rival Causes Percent 50% 60 40 25% 20 0% 22 23 0 16 1 10 13 4 7 Stakeholders FIGURE C3.1 Pareto chart-cumulative frequency of rival causes of traffic fatalities "black lung" disease and other high-risk conditions Evaluating Research on Risk in Mine Safety have been intensively investigated. Despite the and Health importance of the black lung problem, additional In 1997, a branch of the U.S. Office of Mine Safety research is not a priority. Accordingly, data on high and Health Research began a process of strategic expected severity (probability \ severity) do not alone planning. The aim of the process was to reach provide a sufficient basis for prioritizing research consensus, if possible, on the prioritization of problems. Because judgments about research priorities research projects that address different aspects of are based on multiple, hidden, and frequently risk associated with the safety and health of miners. conflicting criteria, it is important to uncover and Priority setting in this and other research evaluate these criteria as part of the process of problem organizations typically seeks to build consensus under structuring. This is a classic ill-structured problem for conditions in which researchers, research managers, which the fatal error is defining the wrong problem. and external stakeholders use conflicting criteria to The problem-structuring process had three major evaluate the relative merits of their own and other objectives. The first was to uncover hidden sources of research projects. Even when reliable and valid data are available--for example, quantitative data from large- agreement and disagreement, recognizing that sample studies of the probabilities of different kinds of disagreement is an opportunity for identifying mine injuries and deaths-it is often unclear whether alternative approaches to priority setting. Second, the "objective measures of risk, by themselves, provide a process was designed to generate from stakeholders sufficient basis for prioritizing research. The difficulty the criteria they use to evaluate research on risks is that extra-scientific as well as scientific factors affect affecting mine safety and health. Third, the process judgments about the relative merits of research on risk. For example, the probabilities of the occurrence of employed graphs, matrices, and other visual displays in order to externalize the criteria underlying individua
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Question 6 Analysis
The Problem: Ecologists and field mice
One of the factors facilitating the rise in the field mice in areas that they have never been
before is the growth in the interstate highways. The older roads, rail lines and highways run into
towns after every few miles, which reduced the escape routes for the mice, hence, deterring
them. Currently, evidence of field mice is surfacing in the central and southern states, which had
not been identified before, and it is all ascribed to the number superhighways, fr...


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