Ohio State University Responsibilities of Nurses in Disasters Discussion

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aorqvnxb73

Health Medical

Ohio State University

Description

This discussion board is aligned with the module objective "Explain the role and responsibilities of nurses in relation to disasters." As part of the discussion you will:

  • Describe the role and responsibilities or a nurse in relation to disaster.
  • How is your community prepared to handle a natural disaster?

Your initial post must be posted before you can view and respond to colleagues, must contain minimum of two (2) references, in addition to examples from your personal experiences to augment the topic. The goal is to make your post interesting and engaging so others will want to read/respond to it. Synthesize and summarize from your resources in order to avoid the use of direct quotes, which can often be dry and boring. No direct quotes are allowed in the discussion board posts.

Post a thoughtful response to at least two (2) other colleagues' initial postings. Responses to colleagues should be supportive and helpful (examples of an acceptable comment are: "This is interesting - in my practice, we treated or resolved (diagnosis or issue) with (x, y, z meds, theory, management principle) and according to the literature..." and add supportive reference. Avoid comments such as "I agree" or "good comment."

Note: Since it is difficult to edit the APA reference in the Blackboard discussion area, you can copy and paste APA references from your Word document to the Blackboard discussion area.  Points will not be deducted because of format changes in spacing

.QUESTION 2

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,,The focus of this discussion board is to address the impact of at least one of the social determinants of health on an identified health concern in the US, e.g., infant mortality rate, obesity, cardiovascular disease, or immunization.  The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and the Healthy People 2030 websites will be useful.

The initial post will consist of one (1) paragraph describing/explaining the SDOH that you consider having the greatest impact on the overall health of populations in the US.  Give an example of one (1) specific population within the US that is heavily impacted by the chosen SDOH.  Write a second paragraph explaining the relationship among the chosen SDOH, the US population, and the population where you live.

You will respond to two (2) of your peers in this class.  The details for each component of the discussion board follow. 

Instructions

For the initial post:

For this discussion, we will explore Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) in the United States.

Healthy People 2020 list these five key areas of SDOH: (a) Economic Stability; (b) Education; (c) Social and Community Context; (d) Health and Health Care; and (e) Neighborhood and Built Environment.  Using some of the resources provided to you in Instructional Materials, as well as at least 1 scholarly journal article, write one paragraph describing/explaining social determinants of health. Choose the SDOH that you feel most strongly about and explain why you find this SDOH to be so impactful to the overall health of populations in the U.S. Give an example of a specific population within the U.S. that is heavily impacted by this SDOH. Remember to focus on the United States in this discussion board.

Initial post:

  • You must post your initial posting before you can view your peers' posts.
  • The lenght of this discussion is to be 250-300 words.
  • Two (2) references are required for the initial DB post with at least one reference being a scholarly journal article. The textbook may be used as a reference, but it does not count towards the minimum required references.  Spacing and references for Discussion Boards must adhere to the APA 7th Edition formatting.
  • To post the discussion board click on the “Click to Launch” link OR on the on “Discussions” tab in the menu bar on the left-hand side of the Blackboard screen. Post the material in the forum titled “M2-A3 Social Determinants of Health in the US

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RUBRIC: DISCUSSION BOARD (30 pts) Criteria Characteristics of initial post Support for initial post Responses to Peers APA format*; Spelling/ Grammar/ Punctuation Meets Expectations 10 to 10 Points • Provided response with rationale. • The post is substantive and reflects careful consideration of the literature. • Examples from the student’s practice/experience are provided to illustrate the discussion concepts. • Addressed all required elements of the discussion prompt. • Well organized and easy to read. 5 to 5 Points • Cited minimum of two references: at least one (1) from required course materials to support rationale AND one (1) from peer-reviewed* references from supplemental materials or independent study on the topic to support responses. • The initial post is a minimum of 200 words excluding references. 10 to 10 Points • Responses to colleagues demonstrated insight and critical review of the colleagues’ posts and stimulate further discussion • Responded to a minimum of two (2) peers and included a minimum of one (1) peer-reviewed* or course materials reference per response. • Responses are a minimum of 100 words and are posted on different days of the discussion period by the due date. 5 to 5 Points • APA format** is used for in-text citations and reference list. • Posts contain grammatically correct sentences without any spelling errors. Levels of Achievement Needs Improvement 3 to 9 Points • Provided response missing either substantive rationale, consideration of the literature, or examples from the student’s practice/experience to illustrate the discussion concepts. • Addresses all or most of required elements. • Somewhat organized, but may be difficult to follow. 2 to 4 Points • Missing one (1) required course reference AND/OR one (1) peer-reviewed reference to validate response. • Post has at least 200 words. 4 to 9 Points • Responses to colleagues are cursory, do not stimulate further discussion and paragraph could have been more substantial. • Responses missing one of the following: o insight/critical review of colleague’s post, o OR respond to at least two peers, o OR a peer reviewed*or course materials reference per response • Responses are a minimum or less than 100 words and posts were on the same date as initial post. 2 to 4 Points • APA format is missing either in-text or at end of the reference list. • Posts contain some grammatically correct sentences with few spelling errors. NOTE: No direct quotes are allowed in the discussion board posts. Unsatisfactory 0 to 2 Points • Provided response with minimal rationale. • Does not demonstrate thought and provides no supporting details or examples. • Provides a general summary of required elements. 0 to 1 Points • Missing 1 or more of the correct type (course or peer-reviewed) or number of references to support response. • Post is less than 200 words or there’s no post. 0 to 3 Points • Responses to colleagues lack critical, in depth thought and do not add value to the discussion. • Responses are missing two or more of the following: o insight/critical review of colleagues’ post o AND/OR response to at least two peers o AND/OR a peer reviewed* reference per response. • Responses are less than 100 words, posted same day as initial post. 0 to 1 Points • Not APA formatted OR APA format of references has errors both in-text and at end of reference list. • Post is grammatically incorrect. *Peer-reviewed references include professional journals (i.e. Nursing Education Perspectives, Journal of Professional Nursing, etc. – see library tab on how to access these from database searches), professional organizations (NLN, CDC, AACN, ADA, etc.) applicable to population and practice area, along with clinical practice guidelines (ECRI Institute https://guidelines.ecri.org). All references must be no older than five years (unless making a specific point using a seminal piece of information) References not acceptable (not inclusive) are UpToDate, Epocrates, Medscape, WebMD, hospital organizations, insurance recommendations, & secondary clinical databases. **Since it is difficult to edit the APA reference in the Blackboard discussion area, you can copy and paste APA references from your Word document to the Blackboard discussion area and points will not be deducted because of format changes in spacing. Last updated: 1/31/2020 © 2020 School of Nursing - Ohio University Page 1 of 1 Chapter 29 Natural and Manmade Disasters Objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Identify the types of disasters. Discuss the characteristics of disasters. Describe the stages of a disaster. Discuss the stages of disaster management. Describe the roles of federal, state, local, and volunteer agencies involved in disaster management. 6. Identify potential bioterrorist chemical and biological agents. 7. Discuss the impact of disasters on a community. 8. Describe the role and responsibilities of nurses in relation to disasters. Natural and Manmade Disasters   Health of a community affected by disasters Programs created to address disasters: o o o  National State Local National Incident Management System (NIMS) o Provides systematic way for government and nongovernmental agencies to work seamlessly to: • Prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from effects of disasters Disaster Definitions  A disaster is any event that causes a level of destruction, death, or injury that affects the abilities of the community to respond to the incident using available resources. Mass casualty involves 100+ individuals. o Multiple casualty involves 2 to 99 individuals. o Casualties classified as: • Direct victim • Indirect victim • Displaced person • Refugee o Types of Disasters  Natural disasters o  Manmade disasters o o  Weather events, earthquakes, volcanoes, diseases Wars, structural collapses, accidents, riots, pollution Terrorism • May include use of weapons of mass destruction Combination disasters o NA-TECH (natural/technological) disaster—a natural disaster that creates or results in a widespread technological problem Characteristics of Disasters (1 of 3)    Frequency—how often a disaster occurs Predictability—ability to determine when and whether a disaster will occur Mitigation—actions taken to reduce loss of life and property o  Take action before disaster happens Imminence—speed of onset and anticipated duration of incident Characteristics of Disasters (2 of 3)  Primary prevention—preventing occurrence of disaster or limiting consequences o o   Risk map—geographic map of area analyzed for potential disaster Resource map—geographic map outlines resources available if area affected by disaster Secondary prevention—strategies are implanted once the disaster occurs Tertiary prevention—recovery Characteristics of Disasters (3 of 3) Scope—the range of the effects of the disaster  Number of casualties—number of individuals affected, injured, or killed  Intensity—level of destruction and devastation  Disaster Management    Requires interdisciplinary, collaborative team effort Network of agencies and individuals Planning creates a quicker and more efficient response. o o Ensures resources are available Roles and responsibilities of all personnel and agencies, both official and unofficial, are delineated. Local, State, and Federal Governmental Responsibilities (1 of 3)  Local government o o o  Prepare citizens for all kinds of emergencies and disasters Office of Emergency Management Mock drills State government o o o o Assist local officials with emergency plans Workshops and training courses Advise and support local government National Response Framework is the core operational plan for domestic incident management. Local, State, and Federal Governmental Responsibilities (2 of 3)  Federal government: o o U.S. Department of Homeland Security • Prevent terrorism and ensures resilience to disasters The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) • Supports citizens and first responders to build, sustain, and improve the capacity to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards • Strengthened after Hurricane Katrina (2005) Local, State, and Federal Governmental Responsibilities (3 of 3)  FEMA published in-depth guide for citizen preparedness, Are you ready? Prepare o Practice o Maintain emergency plans o  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention o Surveillance to ensure • Clean drinking water, food, shelter, and medical care Public Health System   All governmental and nongovernmental organizations and agencies that contribute to improvement of the health of populations American Red Cross o o o Nongovernmental agency Chartered by Congress to provide disaster relief Education, preparedness, and response • Meets needs of affected people and supports workers Disaster Management Stages     Prevention stage Preparedness and planning stage Response stage Recovery stage Prevention Stage  Identify potential disaster risks. o  Educate citizens regarding what actions to take to prepare for disasters. o  Create risk maps Individual, family, and community level Develop a plan for meeting the potential disasters identified. o Create resource maps Preparedness/Planning Stage  Individual and family preparedness o o o o Training in first aid Assembling a disaster emergency kit Establishing a predetermined meeting place away from home Making a family communication plan • Authority • Communication • Logistical • Evacuation and rescue Response Stage   Response stage begins immediately after the disaster incident occurs. May include: o o o o o Shelter in place Evacuation Search and rescue Staging area Disaster triage • Greatest good, for the greatest number, in the shortest time Recovery Stage   Begins when the danger from the disaster has passed. All local, state, and federal agencies are present in the area. o o o o o Help victims rebuild their lives Restore public services Cleanup of damage and repair begins Evaluation and revision of the disaster plans Understand the financial impact Community Responses to a Disaster  Four phases: 1. 2. 3. 4.  Heroic phase—helping others Honeymoon phase—relive event and tell stories; express gratitude Disillusionment phase—feelings of despair and exhaustion Reconstruction phase—rebuilding, return to normalcy Common reactions to a disaster o Posttraumatic stress disorder
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Initial and Discussion Post







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Initial and Discussion Post
Initial Post
The Role and Responsibilities of a Nurse to Disaster
Disasters are appalling events that generally cause massive damage to properties and
deaths. Dangerous devastations can happen naturally or be artificial. The significant role of
nurses in responding to disasters is to guarantee the best possible outcomes. Typically, nurses
desire to assist, but most are always unaware of where to start. Inadequate preparations can
hinder nurses’ efforts to respond to a disaster. Labrague et al. (2018) advised that nurses should
prepare before a disaster occur. The most critical stage in disaster management is during the
response. In this case, nurses stimulate an adversity plan in their respective healthcare facilities,
triage circumstances offer crisis treatment for the hurt individuals and assist in coordinating
evacuations and transporting ill people to other clinical facilities (Al Harthi et al., 2020). Another
role of nurses concerning disaster is volunteering and helping the affected people.
Community’s Preparedness to Handle a Natural Disaster
My community is prepared to handle a natural disaster. Currently, there is a
neighborhood evacuation plan whereby community leaders have a local emergency management
office that teaches people about the evacuation routes in case a natural disaster occurs.
Community members also have maps to familiarize themselves with significant and alternative
ways they can use to leave their areas before a disaster.

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References
Al Harthi, M., Al Thobaity, A., Al Ahmari, W., & Almalki, M. (2020). Challenges for nurses in
disaster man...


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