Running head: VIOLENCE AND AGGRESSION Violence and Aggression Institution Affiliation Date 1 2 VIOLENCE AND AGGRESSION Annotated Bibliography GoodTherapy.org. (n.d.). Retrieved August 23, 2017, from https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/issues/aggression-violence This article highlights aggressive and violent behaviors that can result in different mental health conditions. Alcohol and Drug abuse are said to cause the violent behavior to drug and substance abuse victims. Conditions such as post-traumatic stress and bipolar are also attributed to violent expression of aggressive thoughts. The website contains information indicating that aggression and violence are also caused by difficult life circumstances including poverty, relationship problems or abuse is it physical or emotional. The article also explains the different types of aggression which involves accidental aggression, expressive aggression, hostile aggression and instrumental aggression that are often identified in children. This article also talks about the effects of aggression and violence on people with mental health issues such as narcissistic, antisocial or border line personality. Aggressive and violent behavior has different types of treatment therapy depending on the reason for the behavior. Some of the highlighted therapies are couple therapy given to people with family issues, cognitive behavioral therapy where victims of aggressiveness and violence are helped with the coping mechanism and lastly psychodynamic therapy where people are encouraged to become conscious of vulnerable feelings that underlie their aggression and violent behavior. Siever, L. J. (2008). Neurobiology of Aggression and Violence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(4), 429-442. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07111774 The article focuses on violence and goes ahead to discuss the impacts of violence in the 21st century. According to the information carried on the website, it is estimated that violence VIOLENCE AND AGGRESSION 3 causes 1.43 million loss of lives every year. The author, Siever argues that ground aggression and violent behavior are caused by neurobiological susceptibility which is a failure of the control system to moderate aggressive behaviors as result of by anger and thus provoking stimuli. Additionally, Siever talks about aggressiveness and violence as a negative phenomenon to the society as they result to hostility, injurious and destructive behavior for treatment by use of SSRIs to facilitate inhibition of subcortical region which comes as a result of raised serotonin in prefrontal regions. From the above, the author argues that these conditions can be treated by use of anticonvulsants and stabilizers used to manage moods. The author argues that these help in reduction of glutamatergic balance, irritability, and impulsivity. Psychotherapies are also said to be helpful in raising the capabilities of inhibition of violent and aggressive behaviors in human. According to the article, the recommended strategies which include the use of neuromodulators for treatment. Another form of treatment which is recommended is probing where behavioral tasks to regulate aggression, association, as well as trust, is done. Finally, the author concludes that from various studies conducted, DPP-IV leads to increased aggressiveness and violent behavior and is a major cause of emotional and motivational disorders. Field, R. D. (April 27, 2016). The Science of Violence. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-new-brain/201604/the-science-violence The article by Field indicates that acts of violence are estimated to cause over 1.4 million deaths annually across the world. According to the article ‘The Science of Violence’, ground aggression and violent behavior are caused by neurobiological susceptibility which is a failure of the control system to moderate violent behavior that is caused by anger and thus provoking VIOLENCE AND AGGRESSION 4 stimuli. This article talks about aggressiveness and violence as a negative phenomenon to the society as they result to hostility, injurious and destructive behavior. Violence is considered as the leading cause of death throughout the productive age bracket as compared to other diseases. Each and every act of violence can be understood as specific behaviors that can be controlled by specific circuits in the brain activated by specific triggers. The author explains that neural circuits of aggression are life-saving because they help someone to be able to react to a situation instances where one need to save own or other people lives. However, the author cautions that although these neural aggressions are very useful in such instances, sometimes they misfire and explodes inappropriately leading to violent outcomes. The article suggests more research need to be carried out get a deep understanding of the root cause and trigger of violent behavior in human beings. 5 VIOLENCE AND AGGRESSION References GoodTherapy.org. (n.d.). Retrieved August 23, 2017, from https://www.goodtherapy.org/learnabout-therapy/issues/aggression-violence Siever, L. J. (2008). Neurobiology of Aggression and Violence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(4), 429-442. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07111774 Field, R. D. (April 27, 2016). The Science of Violence. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-new-brain/201604/the-science-violence
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