Hello, I need these questions answered with a reference for each one. Please no plagiarism. I appreciate it. thank you.1. Explain the importance of random sampling. What problems/limitations could prevent a truly random sampling and how can they be prevented? 2. Explain when a z-test would be appropriate over a t-test. 3. Researchers routinely choose an alpha level of 0.05 for testing their hypotheses. What are some experiments for which you might want a lower alpha level (e.g., 0.01)? What are some situations in which you might accept a higher level (e.g., 0.1)? 4. How would you explain the analysis of variance, assuming that your audience has not had a statistics class before? 5. What is an interaction? Describe an example and identify the variables within your population (work, social, academic, etc.) for which you might expect interactions? 6. Describe the error in the conclusion. Given: There is a linear correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked and the pulse rate. As the number of cigarettes increases the pulse rate increases. Conclusion: Cigarettes cause the pulse rate to increase 7. Now that you are familiar with the basic concepts of statistics, what are some examples of when you have seen or heard statistics used inappropriately?

Please see attached for the word document that I am needing assistance on.A survey was conducted to get an estimate of the proportion of smokers among the graduate students. The report says 38% of them are smokers. Mary doubts the result and thinks that the actual proportion is much less than this. Choose the correct choice of null and alternative hypothesis Mary wants to test.Select one:a. Ho: p=.38; Ha: p≠.38. b. Ho: p=.38; Ha: p>.38. c. Ho: p=.38; Ha: p<.38. d. Ho: p=.38; Ha: p≤.38. Question 2An advertiser is believed to exaggerate claims about the high performance of a company's product. A consumer protection agency wants to prove that this advertiser's claims are exaggerated. There is data available. The correct hypothesis test will beSelect one:a. Two-tailed test b. Right-tailed test c. Left-tailed test d. Any test can be used Question 3Significance level (denoted by α) is the probability that the test statistic will fall outside the critical region when the null hypothesis is actually true.Select one:True False Question 4If I want to test the null hypothesis that the mean is 50 versus the alternative that it is greater than 50, and I get a sample mean of 40, which is true?Select one:a. I cannot say anything; I need to know the standard deviation and the sample size. b. Always reject the null hypothesis. c. Never reject the null hypothesis. d. Reject the null if n > 30, otherwise fail to reject. Question 5If α = 0.01 for a two-tailed hypothesis test using the z test, the critical values are:Select one:a. ± 1.90 b. ± 1.96 c. ± 2.33 d. ± 2.58Question 6One problem with hypothesis testing is that a real effect may not be detected. This problem is most likely to occur when:Select one:a. The effect is small, and the sample size is small b. The effect is large, and the sample size is small c. The effect is small, and the sample size is large d. The effect is large, and the sample size is large Question 7Which of the following statements is false?Select one:a. Ho (null hypothesis) refers to a specified value of the population parameter. b. Ho (null hypothesis) refers to a specified value of a sample statistic. c. The statement of Ho (null hypothesis) always contains equality. d. The statement of Ha (alternate hypothesis) never contains equality. Question 8If you use the critical value method, you reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic falls within the critical region.Select one:True False Question 9Which of the following is not a correct statement for an alternative hypothesis?Select one:a. Greater than the value stated in the null hypothesis b. Less than the value stated in the null hypothesis c. Greater than or equal to the value stated in the null hypothesis d. Not equal to the value stated in the null hypothesis Question 10What value of alpha (α) corresponds to 98% confidence level?Select one:a. α=0.01 b. α=0.02 c. α=0.05 d. α=0.10 Question 11Which of the following would be an appropriate alternative hypothesis for a one-tail test?Select one:a. The sample proportion is not less than 0.55. b. The sample proportion is less than 0.55. c. The population proportion is not less than 0.55. d. The population proportion is less than 0.55.Question 12If p-value is greater than alpha in a two-tailed test:Select one:a. The null hypothesis should not be rejected b. The null hypothesis should be rejected c. A one-tailed test should be used d. Alpha should be changed Question 13Which of the following is not a criterion for a procedure that results in a binomial probability distribution?Select one:a. The procedure has a fixed number of trials. b. The trials must be independent. c. Each trial must have all outcomes classified into two categories usually referred to as "success" or "failure." d. The probability of success must be different in each trial.Question 14For what type of hypothesis test do we need to use a "t test?"Select one:a. When the sample size is very small b. When the population standard deviation Ϭ is not known c. Only for two-tailed tests d. When we test a claim for a Population Standard Deviation Question 15A result is called "statistically significant" whenever:Select one:a. The null hypothesis is true b. The alternative hypothesis is true c. The p-value is less or equal to the significance level d. The p-value is larger than the significance level Question 16Not yet answeredSuppose that n = 100, and we want to test whether the population mean is equal to 20 versus the alternative hypothesis that it is not equal to 20. The sample mean is found to be 18, and the sample standard deviation is 10. What is the p-value for this test?Select one:a. 0.0228 b. 0.0456 c. 0.5532 d. 1.00 Question 17If I want to test the null hypothesis that the mean is 100 versus the alternative that it is greater than 100 and I get a sample mean of 90, which of the following is true?Select one:a. I need to know the standard deviation and the sample size. b. Always reject the null hypothesis. c. Never reject the null hypothesis. d. Reject the null if n > 30, otherwise fail to reject. Question 18If the p-value is smaller than alpha, we reject the alternative hypothesis.Select one:True False Question 19For what hypothesis tests do we need to use the Chi-Square distribution?Select one:a. When testing a claim about a Population Mean b. When testing a claim about a Population Standard Deviation c. When testing a claim about a Population Proportion d. Always when a sample size is less than 30 Question 20A hypothesis test is done in which the alternative hypothesis is that more than 10% of a population is left-handed. The p-value for the test is calculated to be 0.25. Which statement is correct?Select one:a. We can conclude that more than 10% of the population is left-handed. b. We can conclude that more than 25% of the population is left-handed. c. We can conclude that exactly 25% of the population is left-handed. d. We cannot conclude that more than 10% of the population is left-handed.