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To answer #s 1-11, watch the TED Talk, “How reliable is your memory?” by Dr. Elizabeth Loftus
(click the link or copy/paste this URL into your web browser: https://youtu.be/PB2OegI6wvI ).
Questions are given in the order that their answers appear in the video.
1. Dr. Loftus notes that when she tells people she studies memory, they assume she studies
forgetfulness. She then tells them that she doesn’t study when people forget; rather… (OK to quote
directly from video here; 0.5 point)
‐ Answer: When Dr. Loftus says that she studies memory, she meant that she studies when people
remember and not when people forget. And when she says that she studies when people remember,
she means that she studies when an individual remembers things that did not actually occur or
when an individual remembers things differently from what has actually occurred. In other words,
Dr. Loftus studies false memories.
2. What proportion of the overturned cases of the falsely-accused did Loftus say were attributable
to faulty eyewitness memories? (0.5 point)
‐ Answer: There are 300 innocent individuals who spent time in jail convicted of a crime that they
did not commit. Three quarters of these 300 innocent individuals were put behind bars because of
an eyewitness's faulty memory.
3. Contrary to the layperson’s view that memory is like a recording device, what did Loftus say
our memory is more like? What reason did she give that our memory is more like this? (OK to
quote directly from video here; 1 point)
‐ Answer: The human memory is constructive and reconstructive, and works like a Wikipedia page
where the individual can revisit that memory and change it but other people can change it too. The
idea that a human memory is like a recording device that records information and plays the same
and exact information when we need it has been debunked by years of research in the field of
psychology.
4. In their research on the validity of eyewitness testimony, how did Loftus and colleagues get
participants to think the vehicles in the simulated accident scene collided at faster speeds? (1 point)
‐ Answer: The researchers manipulated human memory by using two synonymous terms to
describe the accident where one term, hit, was more likely to get a light diagnosis of the accident...
