PSY 105 Widener University Introduction to Psychology Questionnaire

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Widener University – PSY-105: Introduction to Psychology HW5 - Memory (Google Docs Template) Luke Cooper, PhD (he/him) – ldcooper@widener.edu To answer #s 1-11, watch the TED Talk, “How reliable is your memory?” by Dr. Elizabeth Loftus (click the link or copy/paste this URL into your web browser: https://youtu.be/PB2OegI6wvI ). Questions are given in the order that their answers appear in the video. Important: Always work independently and always use your own words. If you’re unsure about what “using your own words” looks like, review Widener’s helpful guide to plagiarism (and the links therein). The only exception to this is when I give you permission that it’s OK to quote from a given source for that answer. 1. Dr. Loftus notes that when she tells people she studies memory, they assume she studies forgetfulness. She then tells them that she doesn’t study when people forget; rather… (OK to quote directly from video here; 0.5 point) ‐ Answer: 2. What proportion of the overturned cases of the falsely-accused did Loftus say were attributable to faulty eyewitness memories? (0.5 point) ‐ Answer: 3. Contrary to the layperson’s view that memory is like a recording device, what did Loftus say our memory is more like? What reason did she give that our memory is more like this? (OK to quote directly from video here; 1 point) ‐ Answer: 4. In their research on the validity of eyewitness testimony, how did Loftus and colleagues get participants to think the vehicles in the simulated accident scene collided at faster speeds? (1 point) ‐ Answer: 5. In the experiment mentioned in #4, what were the independent and dependent variables? ‐ Independent variable (IV; 1 point) a. Answer: ‐ Dependent variable (DV; 1 point) a. There are actually two DVs! Either one will work :-) b. Answer: 6. Loftus mentions that “Misinformation is everywhere,” then goes on to list three ways in which our memories can be contaminated. What are the three ways she listed? (1 point) ‐ Answer: 7. While studying people who remembered extreme abuse or trauma following psychotherapy, Loftus found some methods used in a particular type of psychotherapy she thought might be contributing to the development of false memories. What are the four methods she thought might lead these patients to develop false memories? (1 point) ‐ Answer: 8. In two or more sentences, describe the “shopping mall” false memory that Loftus and colleagues successfully implanted in some research participants. (2 points) ‐ Answer: 9. About what proportion of participants ended up believing this false memory? (0.5 point) ‐ Answer: 10. Dr. Loftus was interested in whether false memories can affect people’s behavior. How did she test whether or not false memories do affect behavior? Describe the experiment and its results. Your answer must be at least three sentences. (3 points) ‐ Answer: 11. Toward the end of the talk, Loftus mentions how her work has made her think differently than most people about memory. What are the two (or three) main things she said she’s learned from her decades of research on memory? (1 point) ‐ Answer: To answer the next three items, read the article, “People Can Be Convinced They Committed a Crime That Never Happened,” published by the Association for Psychological Science (APS). (If you’re struggling with answering the first two items from the reading, this short video may help: https://youtu.be/58AxIGmjEP4 ) 12. What are two of the “ingredients” or methods the researchers in this study used in their attempt to implant false memories in participants? (1 point) ‐ Answer: 13. The authors offered a few potential explanations for why they were able to fool some participants into believing the false memory. Label and describe two of the explanations they gave. (2 points) ‐ Answer: 14. What are your thoughts about this after reading about (or watching the video on) this study? Discuss in at least two sentences. (1.5 points) ‐ Answer: Use your textbook to answer #s 15 and 16. 15. From the “Cue-Dependent Forgetting” section on pp. 294-295: In at least two sentences, describe something that you found interesting. Why? (1.5 points) ‐ Answer: 16. From the “The Repression Controversy” section on pp. 295-296: In at least two sentences, describe something that you found interesting. Why? (1.5 points) ‐ Answer: This one’s optional! Answer as many (or few!) as you want. How could I improve this assignment going forward? How long did it take you to complete? Did any of my directions or questions confuse you? Did you find any typos? Any other feedback? You can either write things here or mention them in class. If nothing comes to mind, just leave blank :-) - Optional answer:
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To answer #s 1-11, watch the TED Talk, “How reliable is your memory?” by Dr. Elizabeth Loftus
(click the link or copy/paste this URL into your web browser: https://youtu.be/PB2OegI6wvI ).
Questions are given in the order that their answers appear in the video.
1. Dr. Loftus notes that when she tells people she studies memory, they assume she studies
forgetfulness. She then tells them that she doesn’t study when people forget; rather… (OK to quote
directly from video here; 0.5 point)
‐ Answer: When Dr. Loftus says that she studies memory, she meant that she studies when people
remember and not when people forget. And when she says that she studies when people remember,
she means that she studies when an individual remembers things that did not actually occur or
when an individual remembers things differently from what has actually occurred. In other words,
Dr. Loftus studies false memories.
2. What proportion of the overturned cases of the falsely-accused did Loftus say were attributable
to faulty eyewitness memories? (0.5 point)
‐ Answer: There are 300 innocent individuals who spent time in jail convicted of a crime that they
did not commit. Three quarters of these 300 innocent individuals were put behind bars because of
an eyewitness's faulty memory.

3. Contrary to the layperson’s view that memory is like a recording device, what did Loftus say
our memory is more like? What reason did she give that our memory is more like this? (OK to
quote directly from video here; 1 point)
‐ Answer: The human memory is constructive and reconstructive, and works like a Wikipedia page
where the individual can revisit that memory and change it but other people can change it too. The
idea that a human memory is like a recording device that records information and plays the same
and exact information when we need it has been debunked by years of research in the field of
psychology.
4. In their research on the validity of eyewitness testimony, how did Loftus and colleagues get
participants to think the vehicles in the simulated accident scene collided at faster speeds? (1 point)
‐ Answer: The researchers manipulated human memory by using two synonymous terms to
describe the accident where one term, hit, was more likely to get a light diagnosis of the accident...

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