Text Comment
Structure
This paper lacks structure and this detracts from what could have been a good essay. It suffers from
poor referencing, generalisations (journalistic writing) and improper citations. Importantly, it lacks a
roadmap that would have helped you and the reader navigate the essay.
Argument and analysis
I support this essay seeks to make the argument that the public sphere remains relevant, but it does not
manage to provide a coherent and consistent argument as it moves from one section to the next. The
use of some case studies is very simplistic and does not show critical thinking nor initiative. I was
absolutely lost reading this and could not focus.
Areas for improvement
1. Structure. Prepare your essay with an outline of sections.
2. Literature review. Tell us what the public sphere is about and how it has evolved. Give examples of
other scholars arguing that the public sphere, as an ideal concept, remains relevant.
3. Do not use journalistic or descriptive writing
Summary
Disappointing work,.
Dear all
Please see suggested essay questions for this module. If you want to discuss another question pertaining
to your interests, please let me know
1. Gender perspective is central to understanding role of media in contemporary societies. Use a case
study to support your argument.
2. How do we understand surveillance in contemporary global mediated politics?
3. To what extent are contemporary conflicts mediated? Use a case study to support the argument.
4. Media can be used to reinforce or subvert power inequalities. Use a case study to support your
argument.
5. All global media are hybrid systems. Discuss.
6. To what extent are digital rights about communication and the right to represent oneself?
7. Use a case study to discuss mediated crises.
8. Compare media systems and practices in two case studies of your choice.
9. Discuss mediation of religion with a case study of your own
All best
Updated Reading list, Topics in Global media and Post-national communication
1. Comparative Media Research:
Marwan Kraidy (2017). Convergence and Disjuncture in Global Digital Culture
International Journal of Communication, 11(2017), 3808–3814 1932–8036, available
through library access/online
Gholam Khiabany and Annabelle Sreberny, Beyond Metropolitanism and Nativism: Regrounding Media Theory, Asian Journal of Social Sciences , available through library
access/online
Sonia Livingstone, “On the Challenges of Cross-national Comparative Media Research”,
European Journal of Communication, 18, 4, 2003, pp. 477-500, available online
Hepp, A. “Transculturality as a Perspective: Researching Media Cultures Comparatively”.
Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, North America,
10, Jan. 2009: Available online.
A. Hepp and N. Couldry, “What should comparative media research be comparing?
Toward a transcultural approach to ‘media cultures’, in D. Thussu, ed., Internationalizing
Media Studies, Routledge, 2009
James Curran and Myung-Jin Park “Beyond globalization theory”, Introduction, Dewesternizing Media Studies, Routledge, 2000
A.Sreberny, “Society, Culture and Media: Thinking Comparatively”, in J. Downing et al,
eds, Sage Handbook of Media Studies, 2004
Hanno Hardt, “Comparative Media Research:The World According to America”, Critical
Studies in Mass Communication, 5, 1988, pp. 129-146
2. De-Colonising/De-Westernizing media theory: Please refer to this topic – especially
Khiabany (2003)’s article if you interested in exploring the notion of reversed Orientalism
listed as an option for essay questions
Edward Said. 1977. Introduction, Orientalism. Available
on http://www.odsg.org/Said_Edward(1977)_Orientalism.pdf
Annabelle Sreberny, “The Analytical Challenges of Studying the Middle East and its
Evolving Media Environment,” Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 1:1
(2008): 8-23. Available via library online access
Kraidy, Marwan. 2010. Hypermedia Space and Global Communication Studies: Lessons
from the Middle East available online
on http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1256&context=asc_papers
Gholam Khiabany. 2003. De-Westernizing media theory, or reverse Orientalism: ‘Islamic
communication’ as theorized by Hamid Mowlana, Media Culture and Society Vol. 25:
415–422. Available online
Mignolo, Walter. (2014) The North of the South and the West of the East: A Provocation
to the Question, available on http://www.ibraaz.org/essays/108
Shohat, Ella & Robert Stam. 1994. Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the
Media. London & New York: Routledge. (Chapter 8 and Introduction). Available online
Theorizing the Arab Revolutions. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication. 5
(1), 2012, available online.
Mignolo, W. (2011). Geopolitics of Sensing and Knowing: On (De) Coloniality, Border
Thinking and Epistemic disobedience, available online
on http://eipcp.net/transversal/0112/mignolo/en
Updated Reading list, Topics in Global media and Post-national communication
Matar, D. 2012. Rethinking the Arab State and Culture, in T. Sabry (ed.) Arab Cultural
Studies: mapping the field. London: I.B. Tauris.
Matar, D. and E Bssaiso, 2012. Middle East media research; problems and approaches in
I. Volkmer (ed.) The Hanbook of Global Media Research. London: Wiley Blackwell, pp.
195-212.
3. Audiences/publics, interpersonal communication and personal influence
Hall, Stuart. “Encoding, Decoding.” In The Cultural Studies Reader, edited by Simon
During, 90-103. London: Routledge, 1997 [1973]. Available as PDF.
Hall, Stuart. “Notes on Deconstructing ‘the Popular.” In Cultural Theory & Popular
Culture: A Reader, Second Edition, edited by John Storey (p. 442-453). Athens: University
of Georgia Press, 1998 [1981].
Katz, E. 1956. Interpersonal relations and mass communications: Studies in the flow of
influence. PhD diss., Columbia University, New York.
Katz, E., and P. F. Lazarsfeld. 1955. Personal influence: The part played by people in the
flow of mass communication. Glencoe, IL: Free Press
Livingstone, Sonia M. 2005. Audiences and Publics: When Cultural Engagement Matters
for the Public Sphere. Bristol: Intellect. (Introduction, chapters 1, 3 and 4).
Livingstone, Sonia (2006) The Influence of Personal Influence on the Study of Audiences.
ANNALS, AAPSS, 608, 233-250
Livingstone, Sonia (1997) The work of Elihu Katz: Conceptualizing media effects in
context. In International handbook of media research: A critical survey, ed. J. Corner, P.
Schlesinger, and R. Silverstone, 18-47. London: Routledge.
Mirca Madianou and Daniel Miller (2015). Polymedia: Towards a new theory of digital
media in interpersonal communication, available online
4.
Media post-conflict
Cottle, Simon. 2006. Mediatized Conflicts. Berkshire: McGraw Hill Education.
Voltmer, Katrin. 2013. The Media in Transitional Democracies. Oxford: Wiley.
Tumber, Howard and Prentoulis, Marina. 2003. ‘Journalists under Fire: Subcultures,
Objectivity and Emotional Literacy’ in War and the Media. 215 – 230. London: Sage.
or
Tumber, Howard. 2007. ‘The Media and International Conflict: A Theoretical Overview’
in Media and Political Violence. 23 -40. New Jersey: Hampton Press.
More readings:
Hallin, Daniel. 1986. Uncensored War: The Media and Vietnam. New York and Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Sonwalker, Prasun. 2007. ‘Disturbing the Banality of Journalism: Political Violence,
Gujarat 2002 and the Indian News Media’ in Media and Political Violence. 247 -268. New
Jersey: Hampton Press.
Thussu, Daya Kishan and Freedman, Des. 2003. War and the Media. London: Sage.
Wolfsfeld, Gadi. 1997. Media and Political Conflict: News from the Middle East.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5.
Gendering the public sphere
Updated Reading list, Topics in Global media and Post-national communication
Fraser, N. 1990. Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually
Existing Democracy. Social Text,
No. 25/26 (1990), pp. 56-80
Göle, N. 1997: “The Gendered Nature of the Public Sphere”, Public Culture, 10, 1.
Media and gender: A scholarly agenda for a global alliance on media and gender
(2014), UNESCO, available online
Jean Burgess et. Al (2016). Making digital cultures of gender and sexuality with social
media. Social media and society, available via SOAS library/online
Debbie Ging & Eugenia Siapera (2018) Special issue on online misogyny, Feminist Media
Studies, 18:4, 515-524, available online via Shiboleth
Consult Journal of feminist media studies, available via Shiboleth.
Decolonizing Gender Studies in Africa By Edward Namisiko Waswa Kisiang'ani, available
online
Khiabany, G and A. Sreberny, “The Women’s Press in Iran:Engendering the Public
Sphere”, in N. Sakr, ed., Women and Media in the Middle East, I.B.Tauris
Najmabadi, S. 2000: “(Un)Veiling Feminism” , Social Text, 18, 3, Fall 2000,
pp. 29-45.
6.
Anti-Globalizers, anti-globalization
Peter van Eist, (2002). New Media, New Movements? The Role of the Internet in Shaping
the 'Anti-Globalization' Movement. Information, Communication and Society.
Jeffrey S. Juris (2005). The New Digital Media and Activist Networking within AntiCorporate Globalization Movements, The Annals of the American Academy of Political
and Social Science, Vol. 597, Cultural Production in a Digital Age (Jan., 2005), pp. 189208
How anti-globalisation switched from a left to a right-wing issue – and where it will go
next, the conversation, The Conversation, January 25, 2018, available online
Eschle, Catherine (2004) Constructing 'the anti-globalisation movement'. International
Journal of Peace Studies, 9 (1). pp. 61-84. ISSN 1085-7494
Richard Falk, “Globalization From Below: An Innovation Politics of Resistance,” in R.
Sandbrook (ed.) Civilizing Globalization: A Survival Guide, State University of New York
Press, 2003
Downing, J. et. al Radical Media, Sage, 2002
Keck, Margaret and Kathryn Sikkink 1998 Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks
in International Politics, Cornell University Press
Fisher, William and Thomas Ponniah (eds.) Another World is Possible, Zed, 2003.
Hardt, Michael and Antonio Negri 1999 “Multitudes” in Empire (Harvard University
Press).
Beck, U. “The analysis of global inequality: from national to cosmopolitan perspective”
in the Global Civil Society Yearbook 2003, available at
http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/Yearbook/outline2003.htm
7.
Digital activism: the debate on technological determinism
Fuchs C. (2012) Behind the News, Social media, riots, and revolutions, Capital & Class ,
36(3), pp. 383–391.
Updated Reading list, Topics in Global media and Post-national communication
Gerbaudo, P. (2012) Tweets in The Streets: Social Media and Contemporary Activism.
London: Pluto Press.
Iskander E (2011) Connecting the national and the virtual: can Facebook activism remain
relevant after Egypt’s January 25 uprising? International Journal of Communication, 5,
pp. 1225–1237.
Meraz S and Papacharissi Z (2013) Networked Gatekeeping and Networked Framing on
#egypt. The International Journal of Press/Politics 20(10): 1-26
Tatarchevskiy T (2011) The Popular Culture of Internet Activism, New Media and Society
13(2), pp. 297-313.
Turner F (2008) From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, The whole Earth
Network and the Rise of Digital Utopianism, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Dartnell M (2006) Web activism as an element of global security. In: Karatzogianni A (ed)
Cyber Conflict and Global Politics. New York: Routledge, pp. 61-78.
Breuer A (2012) The role of Social Media in Mobilizing Political Protests, Evidence from
the Tunisian Revolution. Bonn: German Development Institute.
Jenkins, H. (2016) By Any Media Necessary: The New Youth Activism (Connected Youth
and Digital Futures). New York: NYU Press.
Lotan G, Graeff E et al. (2011) The Revolution Were Tweeted: Information Flows During
the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions, International Journal of Communication, 5,
pp. 1375-1405.
Mason, P. (2012) Why It’s Kicking Off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions. London:
Verso.
Tufekci Z (2014) ‘After the Protest’, The New York Times, 19 March, [online] Available
from: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/20/opinion/after-the-protests.html?
8. Hybrid Media
Chadwick, A. (2017). The Hybrid Media System: Politics and Power. 2nd Edition. New
York, USA: Oxford University Press. (Introduction, Chapter 2. All Media Systems Have
Been Hybrid)
Chadwick, A., Dennis, J. and Smith, P. A. (2015) Politics in the Age of Hybrid Media
Power, Systems, and Media Logics In Bruns, A. et al (eds) The Routledge Companion to
Social Media and Politics
Marchetti, R. and Ceccobelli, D. (201) Twitter and Television in a Hybrid Media System
The 2013 Italian election campaign. Journalism Practice, 10(5)
Tréré, E. (2019) Hybrid Media Activism: Ecologies, Imaginaries, Algorithms. New York:
Routledge
Cheng, E. W. (2016) Street Politics in a Hybrid Regime: The Diffusion of Political
Activism in Post-colonial Hong Kong, The China Quarterly, 226, pp. 383–406 available
at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridgecore/content/view/FEF8107574306D4ADC7D65A3D562B2BF/S0305741016000394a.pdf
/street_politics_in_a_hybrid_regime_the_diffusion_of_political_activism_in_postcoloni
al_hong_kong.pdf
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