Explain how drugs of abuse act as positive reinforces? Choose any commonly abused drug in KSA and explain about the abuse problem from that drug?Instructions for submission:· Assignment must be submitted with properly filled cover sheet (Name, ID, CRN, Submission date) in word document, Pdf is not accepted. · Length of the write-up should be 200-500 words. · Text size 12-Times New Roman with 1.5-line spacing. · Heading should be Bold · The text color should be Black · Do proper paraphrasing to avoid plagiarism with proper references/sources. · References must be in APA format

Determine strategies that minimize legal risks in nursing practice related to negligence and malpractice. undefined Transferable Skill undefined Communication - Displaying capability in writing, reading, and oral communication; understanding of non?verbal language. undefined Scenario undefined   The Board of Nursing in your state  has decided to utilize a tool developed by the National Council of State  Boards of Nursing called the Taxonomy of Error, Root Cause Analysis  Practice- Responsibility (TERCAP). Your nurse manager has provided you  with a summary of the completed TERCAP report by your Board of Nursing’s  Disciplinary Action Committee. She has asked you to review this summary  and to develop a proposal of suggestions for continuing education  topics on ways to minimize legal risks for your hospital’s practicing  nurses. The nurse educators will develop an education series based upon  your recommendations.   undefined Instructions undefined   Prepare a proposal based on the summary of the TERCAP with recommendations and suggestions on minimizing legal risks that:   undefined Part One - Review summary of completed TERCAP report below.   undefined   A patient, aged 54, admitted for back  surgery secondary to compressed vertebrae and intense pain. The  difficulty with pain management has caused the patient some depression  and insomnia over the last month. During her first post-operative day,  the patient fell attempting to go from the bed to the bathroom without  assistance. Her injury was serious and involved significant harm  requiring two additional days of hospitalization and an addition six  weeks of physical therapy.   undefined   A review of the case determined that  her assigned nurse on night shift was an RN (age 24) with nine months of  experience in this unit. This was her third 12 hours shift in a row,  and she was 29 weeks pregnant. There were 28 beds occupied with only two  RNs and one patient technician, due to one vacancy and a call-in for  illness. This community facility has experienced a turnover rate of 12%  in the last year (community average of 4.5%), and has a high number of  new graduates working on medical surgical units, particularly on the 7  pm- 7 am shift.   undefined   A review of the chart showed that the  patient had been advised by the out-going nurse, who admitted her to  the unit post-operatively, that she needed to ask for assistance with  toileting for at least the next 24 hours due to the extensive back  surgery and post-anesthesia response and pain medication. The RN coming  on shift had received bedside shift report at 7 pm and noted the patient  sleeping, so the issue of patient assistance was not repeated. She  checked on her again at 8 pm and administered the requested prn  medication (morphine) for pain. She was busy with other patients and did  not see the patient again until the patient fell at 9:51 pm.   undefined   The patient reported that she did not  recall having been instructed to ask for assistance, as she was very  groggy from the anesthesia. She stated that she had pushed the nurse  call button for assistance and “no one came.” There was no clerical  support at the nursing station and the three staff members had been very  busy with patients, so this statement could not be substantiated.   undefined   The risk manager found that the RN  had not followed nursing policy for patient assessment 20 minutes after  receiving pain medication, and had not done the recommended hourly  rounding on the patient to assess for the need for elimination, pain,  and patient comfort. The note in the chart indicated only that the  patient requested pain medication, but did not provide specific nursing  assessment details or comment that the patient had received the same  dosage of morphine two hours earlier.   undefined Part Two - Factors and Actions   undefined Discusses the factors that contributed to event and how these factors could be addressed to minimize legal risks.      Situational factors Nursing factors Human factors Organizational factors Explains whether the nurse was  negligent or did her actions reach the level of malpractice and support  your reasoning with research. Determines what options the nursing board had regarding this nurse’s license to practice nursing. Describes your reasoning for what  action would you recommend (warning, probation, revocation of license)  if you were on the disciplinary committee of your Board of Nursing. Explains how the level of nursing behavior relates to your proposed recommendation on licensure. undefined Part Three - Continuing Education   undefined Summarizes a list of topics to be provided to the education department based on the summary of the TERCAP report.