Should self-driving cars be legal on the road?
Introduction and background
In 2010, Google revealed that it has been working on the self-driving car that can
operate without a driver’s intervention. It can drive itself and maintain a safe distance in
steady traffic. It can read road signs and follow traffic regulations. The incentives behind
these driverless cars are the reduction of road accidents and congestions, along with
providing a safer road condition for human beings. Experts believe that “Robot drivers
react faster than humans, have 360-degree perception and do not get distracted, sleepy or
intoxicated, the engineers argue. They speak in terms of lives saved and injuries avoided
— more than 37,000 people died in car accidents in the United States in 2008.”[2]
Although the idea behind these intelligent robot-driving vehicles is beneficial for human
beings, these vehicles have their limitations and ethical problems arise. Are these selfdriving cars really safer than human operated vehicles? Should these self-driving cars be
legal on public roads? Despite the fact that this new technology is still under
development, I still think it is necessary to discuss related ethical problems beforehand.
Argument
I would like to claim that the development and the utilization of self-driving cars
will be beneficial to human beings and should be well developed. Since this new
technology can not only make our road conditions better, it can also increase the
utilization of vehicles and dramatically reduce the number of cars on the road, I believe
this new technology should be made legal on public roads. In order for my opinion to be
convincible, the following descriptions of how a Google self-driving car works can
provide an example of how safe and efficient a self-driving vehicle is compared to
automobiles driven by human drivers. There is a huge difference between human driving
and robot driving. The benefits of robot driving is apparent, as machines do not
experience panic and can therefore make scientific decisions that are technically most
beneficial and secure for the vehicle’s passengers.
Counterargument
However, many argue that, precisely because of this lack of emotion, robot
driving could raise serious moral issues. Can the self-driving car make the right decision
under some dangerous scenario? One classical dilemma, proposed by philosophers
Philippa Foot and Judith Jarvis Thomson, is called the Trolley Problem. One of the most
popular examples is the school-bus variant of the classic trolley problem in philosophy:
On a narrow road, your robotic car detects an imminent head-on crash with a non-robotic
vehicle — a school bus full of kids, or perhaps a carload of teenagers bent on playing
“chicken” with you, knowing that your car is programmed to avoid crashes. Your car,
naturally, swerves to avoid the crash, sending it into a ditch or a tree and killing you in
the process.
Support of Counterargument
The decisions made to solve these sorts of dilemma should be made beforehand,
supported by the MIT Technology Review, “However, that’s true only if intricate
preparations have been made beforehand, with the car’s exact route, including driveways,
extensively mapped. Both computers and humans must later pore over; data from
multiple passes by a special sensor vehicle meter by meter. It’s vastly more effort than
what’s needed for Google Maps.”[6] Human drivers may be forgiven for making an
instinctive but nonetheless bad split-second decision, such as swerving into incoming
traffic rather than the other way into a field. But programmers and designers of
automated cars don’t have that luxury, since they do have the time to get it right and
therefore bear more responsibility for bad outcomes.
Explanation against counterargument
The robot-driving vehicle seems not able to deal very well in these dilemma,
however humans sometimes can’t make right decisions as well. Human beings intuitively
intend to protect themselves and passengers in the vehicle, instead of the one outside of
the vehicle.
Conclusion
Thus, the self-driving cars can preform at least as well as human beings does in
most of the scenarios because of the analysis aforementioned. In a long term, this new
technology will benefit us in many different ways, not only in improving the roadway’s
conditions, but also increase the utilization of vehicle and reduce pollutions problems that
we are facing today. “Now is the time for us all to be looking at vehicles on the road the
same way we look at smartphones, laptops and tablets,” says Bill Ford Jr., executive
chairman of Ford Motor Co., “as pieces of a much bigger, richer network.”(Forbes)
References
1. Nevada Passes Law Authorizing Driverless Car. Forbes
2. Google Cars Drive Themselves, in Traffic. The New York Times
3. Look, no hands. The Economist
4.
Patrick Lin. (2013) The Ethics of Saving Lives With Autonomous Cars Is Far
Murkier Than You Think. WIRED.com
5. How Google’s Self-driving Car Works. IEEE Spectrum
6. Hidden Obstacle For Google’s Self-driving Car. MIT Technology Review
7. Automated Vehicle Are Probably Legal In The United State. Stanford Law
School, The Center for Internet and Society
8. Julie L. Jones, Autonomous Vehicle Report. Florida Highway Safety and Motor
Vehicle.
9. Self-Driving Car Test: Steve Mahan. Google
10. Eric Jaffe, The First Look at How Google's Self-Driving Car Handles City
Streets. CityLab
11. Silicon Valley vs. Detroit: The Battle For The Car Of The Future. Forbes
12. With Driverless Cars, Once Again It Is California Leading The Way. Forbes
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