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CONFLICTS AND POST TRAUMATIC STRESS
Summary and critical reflection of the readings
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Conflicts and Post Traumatic Stress
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Conflicts and Post Traumatic Stress
The Continuum of Violence in War and Peace: Post-Cold War Lessons from El Salvador
Bourgois (2001), in this article, brings forth an analysis of the continuum of violence.
The information is from his 20-year retrospective analysis of his field notes in various areas
marred by violence, such as El Salvador and East Harlem in New York. The author's main
argument is that violence continues to produce each other irrespective of the type of violence.
Notably, the article has distinguished between four types of violence; direct political, structural,
symbolic, and everyday violence. Distinguishing these types of violence is important to
recognize the distinctiveness of everyday violence among the study groups and the cause of this
violence.
One of the major issues that arise after classifying the types of violence is the liberating
dynamic of political violence experienced by the author in El Salvador. Political violence refers
to the targeted physical violence and terror often administered by authority figures. During the
final escalation of the cold war in El Salvador, the author notes the civilian population's great
military and government repression. However, instead of the civilians backing out of the
struggle, they seemed charged to rebel against the government and fight for a better El Salvador.
From the data collected, the author notes that the civilians had shifted from instances of everyday
violence (...