Description
Provide power point on anaemia

Explanation & Answer

Attached.
Nutritional Anemia in children
Dr kibaru
Outline
Defination
Prevalences
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
treatment
defination
Anaemia is reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of
the blood as a result of
Decreased red cell mass
Decreased red cell count/HCT
Decreased HB level
below the range of values occurring in
healthy persons,
or
Two standard deviations below the mean for
the normal population, age and sex.
WHO cut off values for diagnosis of
anemia at different ages
Age/Sex Group
6 months - 6 yr
6-14 yr
Adult males
Adult females (non pregnant)
Adult females (pregnant)
Hb gm%
< 11
< 12
< 13
< 12
< 11
introduction
Anaemia is a global problem
Iron deficiency is usually the most common
cause
Anemia is not a specific disease but an
indication of an underlying pathological
process or disease
epidemiology
Prevalence in developing world 63% in 1-3years
44% in 3-6 years
30% of the world pop suffering from Anemia
Iron deficient state without anemia is more common
Deficiency leads to cognitive dysfunction which may be
permanent
classification
WHO
Mild more than 10gm/dl
Moderate 7-10gm/dl
Severe less than 7
Very severe less than 5gm/dl
morphological
Normocytic normachromic MCV 80-94fl
Microcytic hypochromic less than 80fl
Macrocytic
MCV above 94fl
MCH less than 32%
Normocytic normachromic MCV 8094fl
Microcytic hypochromic
Macrocytic
Etiological classification
Decreased production of RBC
➢ Marrow failure
Aplastic
Congenital
Acquired
➢ One cell line
Pure red cell anemia
Congenital-diamond blackfan syndrome
Acqured –TEC
➢ More than one cell line
Congenital Fanconi anemia
dyscaratosis congenita
Aquired aplastic anemia
➢ Marrow replacement
Malignancies and infiltration
Osteopetrosis
Storage disoders
Myelofibrosis
Deficiency of specific factors
Megaloblastic anemia
Folic deficiency or malabsoption
B12 deficiency malabsoption or transport disorder
Microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency
Pyridoxine responsive and X linked hypochromic amemia
Lead poisoning
Impaired erythropoisis
Chronic renal failure
Hypothyroidism hypopituitarism
PEM
Chronic infection
Increased Destruction or loss of red blood cells is
the predominant mechanism".
◆ Blood loss
• Acute hemorrhage
• Chronic hemorrhage
◆
Anemia due to increased destruction
(Hemolytic anemias)
Intrinsic defects - (Intra corpuscular defects)
Intrinsic abnormalities of the red blood cell Membrane
defects
• Hereditary spherocytosis / elliptocytosis /
stomatocytos...
