Provide power point on anaemia

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Provide power point on anaemia

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Nutritional Anemia in children
Dr kibaru

Outline
 Defination
 Prevalences
 Clinical presentation
 Diagnosis
 treatment

defination
 Anaemia is reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of

the blood as a result of
 Decreased red cell mass
 Decreased red cell count/HCT
 Decreased HB level

 below the range of values occurring in

healthy persons,

 or
 Two standard deviations below the mean for

the normal population, age and sex.

WHO cut off values for diagnosis of
anemia at different ages
 Age/Sex Group
 6 months - 6 yr
 6-14 yr
 Adult males
 Adult females (non pregnant)

 Adult females (pregnant)

Hb gm%
< 11
< 12
< 13
< 12
< 11

introduction
 Anaemia is a global problem
 Iron deficiency is usually the most common

cause
 Anemia is not a specific disease but an
indication of an underlying pathological
process or disease

epidemiology
 Prevalence in developing world 63% in 1-3years

 44% in 3-6 years
 30% of the world pop suffering from Anemia
 Iron deficient state without anemia is more common

 Deficiency leads to cognitive dysfunction which may be

permanent

classification
 WHO

 Mild more than 10gm/dl
 Moderate 7-10gm/dl
 Severe less than 7
 Very severe less than 5gm/dl

morphological
 Normocytic normachromic MCV 80-94fl
 Microcytic hypochromic less than 80fl
 Macrocytic


MCV above 94fl
MCH less than 32%

Normocytic normachromic MCV 8094fl

Microcytic hypochromic

Macrocytic

Etiological classification
 Decreased production of RBC
➢ Marrow failure

Aplastic
 Congenital
 Acquired
➢ One cell line
 Pure red cell anemia
 Congenital-diamond blackfan syndrome
 Acqured –TEC


➢ More than one cell line
 Congenital Fanconi anemia
 dyscaratosis congenita
 Aquired aplastic anemia

➢ Marrow replacement
 Malignancies and infiltration
 Osteopetrosis
 Storage disoders
 Myelofibrosis

 Deficiency of specific factors
 Megaloblastic anemia

Folic deficiency or malabsoption
 B12 deficiency malabsoption or transport disorder
 Microcytic anemia
 Iron deficiency
 Pyridoxine responsive and X linked hypochromic amemia
 Lead poisoning


 Impaired erythropoisis





Chronic renal failure
Hypothyroidism hypopituitarism
PEM
Chronic infection

Increased Destruction or loss of red blood cells is
the predominant mechanism".
◆ Blood loss
• Acute hemorrhage
• Chronic hemorrhage



 Anemia due to increased destruction

(Hemolytic anemias)
 Intrinsic defects - (Intra corpuscular defects)
 Intrinsic abnormalities of the red blood cell Membrane
defects
 • Hereditary spherocytosis / elliptocytosis /
stomatocytos...

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