PART 1: HISTOGRAMS AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICSYour first IBM SSPS assessment includes two sections:Create two histograms and provide interpretations.Calculate measures of central tendency and dispersion and provide interpretations.Key Details and InstructionsSubmit your assessment as an attached Word document.Begin your assessment by creating a properly formatted APA title page. Include a reference list at the end of the document if necessary. On page 2, begin Section 1.Organize the narrative report with your SPSS output charts and tables integrated along with your responses to the specific requirements listed for that assessment. (See theCopy/Export Output Instructions in the Resources for instructions on how to do this).Label all tables and graphs in a manner consistent with APA style and formatting guidelines. Citations, if needed, should be included in the text as well as a reference section at the end of the report.For additional help in completing this assessment, refer to the IBM SPSS Step-By-Step Instructions: Histograms and Descriptive Statistics document, linked in the Required Resources.Section 1: Histograms and Visual InterpretationSection 1 will include one histogram of "total" scores for all the males in the data set, and one histogram of "total" scores for all the females in the data set.Create two histograms using the totaland gendervariables in your grades.savdata set:A histogram for male students.A histogram for female students.Below the histograms, provide an interpretation based on your visual inspection. Correctly use all of the following terms in your discussion:Skew.Kurtosis.Outlier.Symmetry.Modality.Comment on any differences between males and females regarding their total scores. Analyze the strengths and limitations of visually interpreting histograms.Section 2: Calculate and Interpret Measures of Central Tendency and DispersionUsing the grades.savfile, compute descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosisfor the following variables:id.gender.ethnicity.gpa.quiz3.total.Below the Descriptives table, complete the following:Indicate which variable(s) are meaningless to interpret in terms of mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Justify your decision.Next, indicate which variable(s) are meaningful to interpret. Justify your decision. For meaningful variables, specify any variables that are in the ideal range for both skewness and kurtosis.Specify any variables that are acceptable but not excellent.Specify any variables that are unacceptable. Explain your decisions.For all meaningful variables, report and interpret the descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis).PART 2: DATA SCREENINGFor this part of the assessment, respond to the following questions:What are the goals of data screening? How can you identify and remedy the following?Errors in data entry.Outliers.Missing data.PART 3: Z-SCORES, TYPE I AND II ERROR, NULL HYPOTHESIS TESTINGThis IBM SPSS assessment includes three sections:Generate z-scores for a variable in grades.sav and report/interpret them.Analyze cases of Type I and Type II error.Analyze cases to either reject or not reject a null hypothesis.The format of this assessment should be narrative with supporting statistical output (table and graphs) integrated into the narrative in the appropriate place (not all at the end of the document). See the Copy/Export Output Instructionsfor instructions on how to do this.Download the z-Scores, Type I and Type II Error, Null Hypothesis Testing Answer Templatefrom the Required Resources, and use the template to complete the following sections:Section 1: z-Scores in SPSS.Section 2: Case Studies of Type I and Type II Error.Section 3: Case Studies of Null Hypothesis Testing.ReferenceGeorge, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). IBM SPSS statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference(14th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.For this three-part assessment, you will create and interpret histograms and compute descriptive statistics for given variables; analyze the goals of data screening; and generate z-scores for variables, analyze types of error, and analyze cases to either reject or not reject a null hypothesis. You will use SPSS software and several course files to complete this assessment.By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following areas:Analyze the computation, application, strengths and limitations of various statistical tests.Analyze the strengths and limitations of examining a distribution of scores with a histogram.Analyze the relevant data from the computation, interpretation, and application of z-scores.Analyze real-world application of Type I and Type II errors, and the research decisions that influence the relative risk of each.Analyze the decision-making process of data analysis.Analyze meaningful versus meaningless variables reported in descriptive statistics.Apply the logic of null hypothesis testing to cases.Interpret the results of statistical analyses.Interpret histogram results, including concepts of skew, kurtosis, outliers, symmetry, and modality.Interpret descriptive statistics for meaningful variables.Apply a statistical program's procedure to data.Apply the appropriate SPSS procedures for creating histograms to generate relevant output.Apply the appropriate SPSS procedure for generating descriptive statistics to generate relevant output.Apply the appropriate SPSS procedures for creating z-scores and descriptive statistics to generate relevant output.Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for members of the identified field of study.Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional and consistent with expectations for members of the identified field of study.IBM SPSS Statistics Standard GradPack. (The Base GradPack is not acceptable for use in this course.) but it must be version 22 or higher. Be sure to use the version that is compatible with your operating system (PC or Mac).SUGGESTED RESOURCESThe resources provided here are optional. You may use other resources of your choice to prepare for this assessment; however, you will need to ensure that they are appropriate, credible, and valid.ResourcesGeorge, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). IBM SPSS statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference(14th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.Internet ResourcesLane, D. M. (2013). HyperStat online: An introductory statistics textbook and online tutorial for help in statistics courses. Retrieved from http://davidmlane.com/hyperstatStatSoft, Inc. (2013). Electronic statistics textbook. Tulsa, OK: StatSoft. Retrieved fromhttp://www.statsoft.com/textbookSophia. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.sophia.org/Browse Sophia for tutorials that explore statistical topics.StatisticsLectures.com. (2012). Free statistics lectures. Retrieved fromhttp://statisticslectures.com/Khan Academy. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.orgThis Web site offers resources covering a range of subjects, including statisticsHall, R. (1998). Between subjects one-way ANOVA example. Psychology World. Retrieved from http://web.mst.edu/~psyworld/anovaexample.htmElliot, A. C. (2012). ANOVA using Microsoft Excel: One-way analysis of variance. Excel Tutorials for Statistical Data Analysis. Retrieved fromhttp://www.stattutorials.com/EXCEL/EXCEL_ANOVA.htm...Onwuegbuzie, T. (Producer). (2009). Mixed methods research[Video] | Transcript. Available from http://videolectures.net/ssmt09_onwuegbuzie_mmrPREPARATIONThis assessment has three parts, each of which is described below. Submit all three parts as Word documents.Note:All the course documents you will need for the assignment are attached.This assessment uses the grades.savfile. The grades.savfile is a sample SPSS data set that is converted from the grades2.datfile. (Use the Data Set Instructionsto convert thegrades2.datfile to the grades.savfile that you will use throughout this course.)The fictional data in the grades.savfile represent a teacher's recording of student demographics and performance on quizzes and a final exam across three sections of the course. Each section consists of about 35 students (N = 105).There are 21 variables in grades.sav. To prepare for this assessment, complete the following:Open your grades.sav file and navigate to the "Variable View" tab.Read the Data Set Instructions, and make sure you have the correct Values and Scales of Measurement assigned.

International Tractor Motors (ITM) had recently undertaken an ad campaign aimed at agricultural owners in a certain country in Asia. The ad campaign was devoted to promoting the new IT-8 large specialty tractor. Four sales associates were assigned to sell in different medium to large farms throughout the country for many days. One associate was assigned to the northern part of the country. Another was assigned to the southern part. The other two were assigned to the west and east, respectively. Because of regulations, a sales associate can sell at most one IT-8 tractor per day and only one such tractor per farm, too. A sales associate was successful if he/she sold a tractor during the day. Thus, ITM can sell at most 4 tractors (4 total sales) per day in this country.Download the file titled Tractor Successes. It contains a scatter plot of the number of successes versus frequency. To compare the results to the Binomial Distribution, complete the following:Explain why this tractor sales scenario can be a binomial experiment.Using the Tractor Successes scatter plot, construct a frequency distribution for the number of successes.Compute the mean number of successes. The formula for the mean is as follows: ∑(x⋅f)∑fThe terms x represent the total number of successes (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) and f is the corresponding frequency (number of days where x successes occurred).Explain what the numerical result means.From the frequency distribution, construct the corresponding relative frequency distribution.Explain why the relative frequency distribution table is a probability distribution.Then, use Excel to create a scatter plot of the probability distribution:Select the two columns of the probability distribution. Click on INSERT, and then go to the Charts area and select Scatter. Then choose the first Scatter chart (the one without lines connecting).Using the frequency distribution, what is the tractor sales success average? In part 3, note that the numerator in the formula for the mean is the total number of successes. The total number of trials is the denominator of the formula for the mean multiplied by 4. What does this average mean?The Binomial Distribution is uniquely determined by n, the number of trials, and p, the probability of “success” on each trial. Using Excel, construct the Binomial Probability Distribution for four trials, n, and probability of success, p, as the tractor sales success average in part 5. Here is an explanation of the BINOM.DIST function in Excel: https://support.office.com/en-ie/article/BINOM-DIST-function-c5ae37b6-f39c-4be2-94c2-509a1480770c?ui=en-US&rs=en-IE&ad=I (Links to an external site.)For example, In Excel=BINOM.DIST(7,15,0.7, FALSE)represents the probability of 7 successes out of 15 (n) trials. The 0.7 is the probability of success, p.Using the above value of n=4 with probability of success, p, as the tractor sales success average in part 5, what is the probability of at least two successes?Using the formula for the mean of the Binomial Distribution, what is the mean number of successes in part 6 above?In Excel, create a scatter plot for the Binomial Distribution. The instructions for creating a scatter plot are in part 4 above.Use the results above to compare the probability distribution of tractor sales successes and the Binomial Distribution. Compare the means in parts 4 and 6, too.If the probability distribution of tractor sales successes and the Binomial Distribution differ, explain why that is so.Do you think the Binomial Distribution is a good model for the tractor sales success scenario? Why or why not?How can International Tractor Motors use the Binomial Distribution to approximate tractor sales in similar countries?In what other scenarios can International Tractor Motors use the Binomial Distribution? Explain.Write a report that adheres to the formatting and APA expectations outlined on the Citing & APA Resources page (Links to an external site.) in the CSU-Global Writing Center. As with all written assignments at CSU-Global, you should have in-text citations and a reference page.Submit your Excel file in addition to your report.Requirements:The paper must be written in third person.Your paper should be four to five pages in length (counting the title page and references page) and cite and integrate at least one credible outside source. The CSU-Global Library (Links to an external site.) is a great place to find resources.Include a title page, introduction, body, conclusion, and a reference page.The introduction should describe or summarize the topic or problem. It might discuss the importance of the topic or how it affects you or society, or it might discuss or describe the unique terminology associated with the topic.The body of your paper should answer the questions posed in the problem. Explain how you approached and answered the question or solved the problem, and, for each question, show all steps involved. Be sure the Word document is in paragraph format, not numbered answers like a homework assignment.The conclusion should summarize your thoughts about what you have determined from the data and your analysis, often with a broader personal or societal perspective in mind. Nothing new should be introduced in the conclusion that was not previously discussed in the body paragraphs. Your conclusion should emanate from (be aligned with) your findings.Include any tables of data or calculations, calculated values, and/or graphs associated with this problem in the body of your assignment.Document formatting, citations, and style should conform to the CSU-Global Virtual Library CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA: Introduction (Links to an external site.). A short summary containing guidelines for paper formatting, citations, and references is contained in the New Sample APA Paper (Links to an external site.). In addition, information in the CSU-Global Virtual Library under the Writing Center/APA Resources tab (Links to an external site.) has many helpful areas (Writing Center, Writing Tips, Template & Examples/Papers & Essays, and others).