In this activity, you will apply your understanding of ethical concerns to evaluate test results.Read the following scenario and, based on your understanding of genetic genealogy issues and the Genetic Genealogy Standards (Links to an external site.), write a paper responding to the questions presented below. Be sure to cite appropriate sections of the Genetic Genealogy Standards and any other sources (including the ISOGG wiki, the Shared cM Project, or any other resource), using Evidence Explained formatting.Select the following link to read the case study: Unexpected Results Case Study [PDF file size 269 KB]After reading the scenario, answer the following questions.Part I:Based on the atDNA and Y-DNA test results, what is Stephen’s relationship to Joan, Xavier, and Philip? What is Philip’s relationship to Joan and Xavier, and what does that reveal about Seth’s relationship to Joan, Xavier, and Stephen? What is the support for these conclusions? What other DNA testing, if any, would help further elucidate these relationships?Part II:Can and/or should Xavier tell his uncle about the test results? Can and/or should Xavier tell his mother Joan about the test results? If so, how should he go about telling his uncle and/or mother? What are the risks if Xavier decides not to tell his uncle or mother about the test results? Without having a new discussion with Stephen, how much information can Xavier provide to Greg about Stephen?Part III:Assume that Xavier sits down with Stephen and shares the test results with him, including the match to Adopted_Gregory_1956. Stephen laughs it all off, and says that he is not at all interested in contacting or sharing information with Adopted_Gregory_1956. Soon after the conversation, Greg contacts Xavier and says that he is suffering from some sort of genetic illness that the doctors are unable to identify, and he is trying to find his family to help his plight. He pleads with Xavier to share information about Stephen. Should Xavier share information about Stephen with Greg despite Stephen’s instructions? Explain your rationale in detail.Reference:The Genetic Genealogy Standards Committee, The Genetic Genealogy Standards, http://www.geneticgenealogystandards.com (Links to an external site.) (2015).

The topic of this week's forum is a broad one--humanity's future. You have learned how human evolution has been shaped by forces such as the physical environment, antagonistic and symbiotic relationships with other species, disease, and human cultural interactions. Now share your predictions for the future of human evolution. What biological changes in humans will occur over the next centuries? How might forces such as climate change, disease, genetic technology, and globalization affect us? Do you think our physical appearance will change substantially (are we going to grow ever-enormous brains for example)? Try to apply what you have learned about evolutionary and biocultural forces in making your predictions. You are free to be imaginative and speculate here--so long as you provide a rationale for your predictions!