Express the real part of (u iv)^-4 in terms of a polynomial in v.

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Mathematics

Description

Suppose that u and v are real numbers for which u + iv has modulus sqrt7. Express the real part of (u+iv)^-4 in terms of a polynomial in v.

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Explanation & Answer

First, expand (u + iv)^4 (we can take the reciprocal at the end):

(u + iv)^4 = (u^2 + 2iuv - v^2)(u^2 + 2iuv - v^2)

= u^4 + 2ivu^3 - u^2v^2 + 2ivu^3 - 4u^2v^2 - 2iuv^3 -u^2v^2 - 2iuv^3 + v^4

Ignore the terms containing i, since we're told we only need to deal with the real part:

u^4 - 6u^2v^2 + v^4

Remember that |u + iv| = sqrt(7), so u^2 + v^2 = 7. Rearrange that to give u^2 = 7-v^2 and substitute in:

u^4 - 6u^2v^2 + v^4

= (7-v^2)^2 - 6(7-v^2)v^2 + v^4

= 49 - 14v^2 + v^4 - 42v^2 + 6v^4 + v^4

= 49 - 56v^2 + 8v^4

So the real part of (u+iv)^-4 is equal to:

(49 - 56v^2 + 8v^4)^-1 in terms of v.


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