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Assignment: Evaluating Significance of Findings
Part of your task as a scholar-practitioner is to act as a critical consumer of research and ask informed questions of pub ...
Assignment: Evaluating Significance of Findings
Part of your task as a scholar-practitioner is to act as a critical consumer of research and ask informed questions of published material. Sometimes, claims are made that do not match the results of the analysis. Unfortunately, this is why statistics is sometimes unfairly associated with telling lies. These misalignments might not be solely attributable to statistical nonsense, but also “user error.” One of the greatest areas of user error is within the practice of hypothesis testing and interpreting statistical significance. As you continue to consume research, be sure and read everything with a critical eye and call out statements that do not match the results. For this Assignment, you will examine statistical significance and meaningfulness based on sample statements. Critically evaluate each of the two scenarios (See scenarios below) selected based upon the following points: Critically evaluate the sample size. Critically evaluate the statements for meaningfulness. Critically evaluate the statements for statistical significance. Based on your evaluation, provide an explanation of the implications for social change. Scenario #1 Statistical significance is found in a study, but the effect in reality is very small (i.e., there was a very minor difference in attitude between men and women). Were the results meaningful? An independent samples t test was conducted to determine whether differences exist between men and women on cultural competency scores. The samples consisted of 663 women and 650 men taken from a convenience sample of public, private, and non-profit organizations. Each participant was administered an instrument that measured his or her current levels of cultural competency. The cultural competency score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating higher levels of cultural competency. The descriptive statistics indicate women have higher levels of cultural competency (M = 9.2, SD = 3.2) than men (M = 8.9, SD = 2.1). The results were significant t (1311) = 2.0, p <.05, indicating that women are more culturally competent than are men. These results tell us that gender-specific interventions targeted toward men may assist in bolstering cultural competency. Scenario #2 A study has results that seem fine, but there is no clear association to social change. What is missing? A correlation test was conducted to determine whether a relationship exists between level of income and job satisfaction. The sample consisted of 432 employees equally represented across public, private, and non-profit sectors. The results of the test demonstrate a strong positive correlation between the two variables, r =.87, p < .01, showing that as level of income increases, job satisfaction increases as well. Use 4 or more references with proper APA format and citations and referencing. Include the reference below. Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Leon-Guerrero, A. (2018). Social statistics for a diverse society (8th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
11 pages
Susan O'Connell multiple step problem solving posters
Poster for each strategy for math problem solving as proposed by Susan O'Connell's problem solving strategies textbook. Th ...
Susan O'Connell multiple step problem solving posters
Poster for each strategy for math problem solving as proposed by Susan O'Connell's problem solving strategies textbook. They are ideal to put all over the classroom and to teach individually.
MATH 144 GCU Math Budget Expense Loans and Statistics Worksheet
Please see attachment of excel spreadsheet, on the first tab of the spreadsheet has the directions.
MATH 144 GCU Math Budget Expense Loans and Statistics Worksheet
Please see attachment of excel spreadsheet, on the first tab of the spreadsheet has the directions.
Walden University Quantative Reasoning and Analysis Case Study
Part 1Answer a social research question with multiple regression. As you begin the Assignment, be sure and pay close atten ...
Walden University Quantative Reasoning and Analysis Case Study
Part 1Answer a social research question with multiple regression. As you begin the Assignment, be sure and pay close attention to the assumptions of the test. Specifically, make sure the variables are metric level variables.Using the SPSS software, open the Afrobarometer dataset or the High School Longitudinal Study dataset (whichever you choose).
Based on the dataset you chose, construct a research question that can be answered with a multiple regression analysis.Write a 1- to 2-page analysis of your multiple regression results for each research question. In your analysis, display the data for the output. Based on your results, provide an explanation of what the implications of social change might be.Use proper APA format, citations, and referencing for your analysis, research question, and display of output.Part 2Using the SPSS software, open the Afrobarometer dataset or the High School Longitudinal Study dataset (whichever you choose) .Consider the following: Create a research question with metric variables and one variable that requires dummy coding. Estimate the model and report results. Note: You are expected to perform regression diagnostics and report that as well. Then write a 2 page analysis of your multiple regression using dummy variables results for each research question. In your analysis, display the data for the output. Based on your results, provide an explanation of what the implications of social change might be. Use proper APA format, citations, and referencing for your analysis, research question, and display of output.Required Readings
Wagner, W. E. (2016). Using IBM® SPSS® statistics for research methods and social science statistics (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Chapter 2, “Transforming Variables” (pp. 14–32)
Chapter 11, “Editing Output” (previously read in Week 2, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8, and 9)
Allison, P. D. (1999). Multiple regression: A primer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press/Sage Publications.Multiple Regression: A Primer, by Allison, P. D. Copyright 1998 by Sage College. Reprinted by permission of Sage College via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Chapter 6, “What are the Assumptions of Multiple Regression?” (pp. 119–136)
Allison, P. D. (1999). Multiple regression: A primer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press/Sage Publications.Multiple Regression: A Primer, by Allison, P. D. Copyright 1998 by Sage College. Reprinted by permission of Sage College via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Chapter 7, “What can be done about Multicollinearity?” (pp. 137–152)
Multiple Regression: A Primer, by Allison, P. D. Copyright 1998 by Sage College. Reprinted by permission of Sage College via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Warner, R. M. (2012). Applied statistics from bivariate through multivariate techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Applied Statistics From Bivariate Through Multivariate Techniques, 2nd Edition by Warner, R.M. Copyright 2012 by Sage College. Reprinted by permission of Sage College via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Chapter 12, “Dummy Predictor Variables in Multiple Regression”
Option 1: Springdale Shopping Survey
Option 1: Springdale Shopping Survey Instructions The major shopping areas in the community of Springdale include Springda ...
Option 1: Springdale Shopping Survey
Option 1: Springdale Shopping Survey Instructions The major shopping areas in the community of Springdale include Springdale Mall, West Mall, and the downtown area on Main Street. A telephone survey has been conducted to identify strengths and weaknesses of these areas and to find out how they fit into the shopping activities of local residents. The 150 respondents were also asked to provide information about themselves and their shopping habits. The data are provided in the file SHOPPING. The variables in the survey can be found in the file CODING.The contingency tables and relative frequency probabilities in this exercise are based on the Springdale Shopping Survey database. Information like that gained from the two parts of this exercise could provide helpful insights into the nature of the respondents, their perceptions, and their spending behaviors. In particular, part 2 focuses on how conditional probabilities related to spending behavior might vary, depending on the gender of the respondent.Note: Be sure to use five (5) decimal places for your probabilities in the report, as some of them will be quite small. Do not convert to percentages as we are interested in probabilities only here. Based on the relative frequencies for responses to each variable, determine the probability that a randomly selected respondent from:SPRSPEND [variable 4] spends at least $15 during a trip to Springdale Mall.
DOWSPEND [variable 5] spends at least $15 during a trip to Downtown.
WESSPEND [variable 6] spends at least $15 during a trip to West Mall.
Comparing the preceding probabilities, rank the areas from strongest to weakest in terms of the amount of money a shopper spends during a typical shopping visit.
Based on the relative frequencies for responses to each variable, determine the probability that a randomly selected respondent from:BSTQUALI [variable 11] feels that Springdale Mall has the highest-quality goods.
BSTQUALI [variable 11] feels that Downtown has the highest-quality goods.
BSTQUALI [variable 11] feels that West Mall has the highest-quality goods.
Comparing the preceding probabilities, rank the areas from strongest to weakest in terms of the quality of goods offered.
Set up a contingency table for the appropriate variables given, and then determine the following probabilities:SPRSPEND and RESPGEND [variables 4 and 26]: Given that the random respondent is a female, what is the probability that she spends at least $15 during a trip to Springdale Mall? Is a male more likely or less likely than a female to spend at least $15 during a visit to this area?
DOWSPEND and RESPGEND [variables 5 and 26]: Given that the random respondent is a female, what is the probability that she spends at least $15 during a trip to Downtown? Is a male more likely or less likely than a female to spend at least $15 during a visit to this area?
WESSPEND and RESPGEND [variables 6 and 26]: Given that the random respondent is a female, what is the probability that she spends at least $15 during a trip to West Mall? Is a male more likely or less likely than a female to spend at least $15 during a visit to this area?
Based on the preceding probabilities, rank the shopping areas where males and females are most likely to least likely to spend $15 or more during a shopping visit.Paper Requirements Write a report that uses the Written Assignment Requirements under the heading Expectations for CSU-Global Written Assignments found in the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA. Items that should be included, at a minimum, are a title page, an introduction, a body which answers the questions posed in the problem, and a conclusion paragraph that addresses your findings and what you have determined from the data and your analysis. As with all written assignments, you should have in-text citations and a reference page. Please include any tables of calculations, calculated values, and graphs associated with this problem in the body of your assignment response.Note: You must submit your Excel file with your report. This will aid in grading with partial credit if errors are found in the report.
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Assignment: Evaluating Significance of Findings
Part of your task as a scholar-practitioner is to act as a critical consumer of research and ask informed questions of pub ...
Assignment: Evaluating Significance of Findings
Part of your task as a scholar-practitioner is to act as a critical consumer of research and ask informed questions of published material. Sometimes, claims are made that do not match the results of the analysis. Unfortunately, this is why statistics is sometimes unfairly associated with telling lies. These misalignments might not be solely attributable to statistical nonsense, but also “user error.” One of the greatest areas of user error is within the practice of hypothesis testing and interpreting statistical significance. As you continue to consume research, be sure and read everything with a critical eye and call out statements that do not match the results. For this Assignment, you will examine statistical significance and meaningfulness based on sample statements. Critically evaluate each of the two scenarios (See scenarios below) selected based upon the following points: Critically evaluate the sample size. Critically evaluate the statements for meaningfulness. Critically evaluate the statements for statistical significance. Based on your evaluation, provide an explanation of the implications for social change. Scenario #1 Statistical significance is found in a study, but the effect in reality is very small (i.e., there was a very minor difference in attitude between men and women). Were the results meaningful? An independent samples t test was conducted to determine whether differences exist between men and women on cultural competency scores. The samples consisted of 663 women and 650 men taken from a convenience sample of public, private, and non-profit organizations. Each participant was administered an instrument that measured his or her current levels of cultural competency. The cultural competency score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating higher levels of cultural competency. The descriptive statistics indicate women have higher levels of cultural competency (M = 9.2, SD = 3.2) than men (M = 8.9, SD = 2.1). The results were significant t (1311) = 2.0, p <.05, indicating that women are more culturally competent than are men. These results tell us that gender-specific interventions targeted toward men may assist in bolstering cultural competency. Scenario #2 A study has results that seem fine, but there is no clear association to social change. What is missing? A correlation test was conducted to determine whether a relationship exists between level of income and job satisfaction. The sample consisted of 432 employees equally represented across public, private, and non-profit sectors. The results of the test demonstrate a strong positive correlation between the two variables, r =.87, p < .01, showing that as level of income increases, job satisfaction increases as well. Use 4 or more references with proper APA format and citations and referencing. Include the reference below. Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Leon-Guerrero, A. (2018). Social statistics for a diverse society (8th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
11 pages
Susan O'Connell multiple step problem solving posters
Poster for each strategy for math problem solving as proposed by Susan O'Connell's problem solving strategies textbook. Th ...
Susan O'Connell multiple step problem solving posters
Poster for each strategy for math problem solving as proposed by Susan O'Connell's problem solving strategies textbook. They are ideal to put all over the classroom and to teach individually.
MATH 144 GCU Math Budget Expense Loans and Statistics Worksheet
Please see attachment of excel spreadsheet, on the first tab of the spreadsheet has the directions.
MATH 144 GCU Math Budget Expense Loans and Statistics Worksheet
Please see attachment of excel spreadsheet, on the first tab of the spreadsheet has the directions.
Walden University Quantative Reasoning and Analysis Case Study
Part 1Answer a social research question with multiple regression. As you begin the Assignment, be sure and pay close atten ...
Walden University Quantative Reasoning and Analysis Case Study
Part 1Answer a social research question with multiple regression. As you begin the Assignment, be sure and pay close attention to the assumptions of the test. Specifically, make sure the variables are metric level variables.Using the SPSS software, open the Afrobarometer dataset or the High School Longitudinal Study dataset (whichever you choose).
Based on the dataset you chose, construct a research question that can be answered with a multiple regression analysis.Write a 1- to 2-page analysis of your multiple regression results for each research question. In your analysis, display the data for the output. Based on your results, provide an explanation of what the implications of social change might be.Use proper APA format, citations, and referencing for your analysis, research question, and display of output.Part 2Using the SPSS software, open the Afrobarometer dataset or the High School Longitudinal Study dataset (whichever you choose) .Consider the following: Create a research question with metric variables and one variable that requires dummy coding. Estimate the model and report results. Note: You are expected to perform regression diagnostics and report that as well. Then write a 2 page analysis of your multiple regression using dummy variables results for each research question. In your analysis, display the data for the output. Based on your results, provide an explanation of what the implications of social change might be. Use proper APA format, citations, and referencing for your analysis, research question, and display of output.Required Readings
Wagner, W. E. (2016). Using IBM® SPSS® statistics for research methods and social science statistics (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Chapter 2, “Transforming Variables” (pp. 14–32)
Chapter 11, “Editing Output” (previously read in Week 2, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8, and 9)
Allison, P. D. (1999). Multiple regression: A primer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press/Sage Publications.Multiple Regression: A Primer, by Allison, P. D. Copyright 1998 by Sage College. Reprinted by permission of Sage College via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Chapter 6, “What are the Assumptions of Multiple Regression?” (pp. 119–136)
Allison, P. D. (1999). Multiple regression: A primer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press/Sage Publications.Multiple Regression: A Primer, by Allison, P. D. Copyright 1998 by Sage College. Reprinted by permission of Sage College via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Chapter 7, “What can be done about Multicollinearity?” (pp. 137–152)
Multiple Regression: A Primer, by Allison, P. D. Copyright 1998 by Sage College. Reprinted by permission of Sage College via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Warner, R. M. (2012). Applied statistics from bivariate through multivariate techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Applied Statistics From Bivariate Through Multivariate Techniques, 2nd Edition by Warner, R.M. Copyright 2012 by Sage College. Reprinted by permission of Sage College via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Chapter 12, “Dummy Predictor Variables in Multiple Regression”
Option 1: Springdale Shopping Survey
Option 1: Springdale Shopping Survey Instructions The major shopping areas in the community of Springdale include Springda ...
Option 1: Springdale Shopping Survey
Option 1: Springdale Shopping Survey Instructions The major shopping areas in the community of Springdale include Springdale Mall, West Mall, and the downtown area on Main Street. A telephone survey has been conducted to identify strengths and weaknesses of these areas and to find out how they fit into the shopping activities of local residents. The 150 respondents were also asked to provide information about themselves and their shopping habits. The data are provided in the file SHOPPING. The variables in the survey can be found in the file CODING.The contingency tables and relative frequency probabilities in this exercise are based on the Springdale Shopping Survey database. Information like that gained from the two parts of this exercise could provide helpful insights into the nature of the respondents, their perceptions, and their spending behaviors. In particular, part 2 focuses on how conditional probabilities related to spending behavior might vary, depending on the gender of the respondent.Note: Be sure to use five (5) decimal places for your probabilities in the report, as some of them will be quite small. Do not convert to percentages as we are interested in probabilities only here. Based on the relative frequencies for responses to each variable, determine the probability that a randomly selected respondent from:SPRSPEND [variable 4] spends at least $15 during a trip to Springdale Mall.
DOWSPEND [variable 5] spends at least $15 during a trip to Downtown.
WESSPEND [variable 6] spends at least $15 during a trip to West Mall.
Comparing the preceding probabilities, rank the areas from strongest to weakest in terms of the amount of money a shopper spends during a typical shopping visit.
Based on the relative frequencies for responses to each variable, determine the probability that a randomly selected respondent from:BSTQUALI [variable 11] feels that Springdale Mall has the highest-quality goods.
BSTQUALI [variable 11] feels that Downtown has the highest-quality goods.
BSTQUALI [variable 11] feels that West Mall has the highest-quality goods.
Comparing the preceding probabilities, rank the areas from strongest to weakest in terms of the quality of goods offered.
Set up a contingency table for the appropriate variables given, and then determine the following probabilities:SPRSPEND and RESPGEND [variables 4 and 26]: Given that the random respondent is a female, what is the probability that she spends at least $15 during a trip to Springdale Mall? Is a male more likely or less likely than a female to spend at least $15 during a visit to this area?
DOWSPEND and RESPGEND [variables 5 and 26]: Given that the random respondent is a female, what is the probability that she spends at least $15 during a trip to Downtown? Is a male more likely or less likely than a female to spend at least $15 during a visit to this area?
WESSPEND and RESPGEND [variables 6 and 26]: Given that the random respondent is a female, what is the probability that she spends at least $15 during a trip to West Mall? Is a male more likely or less likely than a female to spend at least $15 during a visit to this area?
Based on the preceding probabilities, rank the shopping areas where males and females are most likely to least likely to spend $15 or more during a shopping visit.Paper Requirements Write a report that uses the Written Assignment Requirements under the heading Expectations for CSU-Global Written Assignments found in the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA. Items that should be included, at a minimum, are a title page, an introduction, a body which answers the questions posed in the problem, and a conclusion paragraph that addresses your findings and what you have determined from the data and your analysis. As with all written assignments, you should have in-text citations and a reference page. Please include any tables of calculations, calculated values, and graphs associated with this problem in the body of your assignment response.Note: You must submit your Excel file with your report. This will aid in grading with partial credit if errors are found in the report.
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