1 - QuestionReview the levels of measurement terms in the Statistics Visual Learner media piece. Compare and contrast Stevens's four scales of measurement, and explain when each type of scale should be used.http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html2- QuestionThe professor teaching a large introductory class gives a final exam that has alternate forms, A, B, and C. A student taking the exam using Form B is upset because she claims that Form B is much harder than Forms A and C. Discuss how percentile point data might be useful to determine if the student is correct.

In Ch. 10 we're learning how to conduct a t to compare the means of two independent samples to judge whether the populations the samples came from are different from each other both in a statistical sense and in a practical sense. The term for this kind of t test is independent measures t test or independent samples t test, because it uses data from two independent samples.Example of an independent measures t testFirst, as an example of how to conduct an independent measures t test, we'll use the data from Example 10.2. You can see the raw data on p. 334. These data are in the Example10-2.csv file.(1) Download Example10-2.csv and open it in Jamovi.(2) Open the Data tab and click Setup. Make sure the measure type and data type for the variables are correct.(3) Give names to the two levels of the Grp variable ( Well-Lit and Dimly Lit).(4) Open the Analyses tab and from the T-Tests menu select Independent Samples T-Test.(5) Move solved into the Dependent Variables box and move Grp into the Grouping Variable box.(6) From the Tests menu select Student's.(7) From the Hypothesis menu select Group 1 ≠ Group 2.(8) From the Additional Statistics menu select Mean difference and, just beneath it, Confidence interval (be sure it's 95%).(9) Select Effect size.(10) Select Descriptives.(11) From the Assumption Checks menu select Homogeneity test.(12) Save your analysis as Example10-2.omv, to be submitted as part of this assignment.If you did everything right, you should see that your results match those reported in the textbook for sample mean, df, estimated standard error, t, and estimated Cohen's d. The textbook authors used Hartley's F-Max Test to evaluate equality of variances and concluded that the difference in variances was not large enough to be significant. Jamovi evaluates equality of variances by using Levene's test. The way it works is pretty simple. Each of the solved scores is replaced by (a) the absolute value of its deviation from its sample mean, or (b) its squared deviation from the mean. Either way will work. Then an independent samples t test is conducted on these transformed scores. If there is greater variability in one group, the absolute/squared values of the deviations will be greater than in the other group. So if the calculated t value is significant (p < .05), then the variances of the two groups differ, which means the independent measures t test is not appropriate. Both Hartley's F-Max test and Levene's test have p values that are not significant, that is, they're greater than .05. So the independent measures t test is appropriate for these data.As we discussed for the Ch09 homework, Jamovi calculates confidence intervals (CIs) for the mean difference. For the single-sample t test this meant we had to do an additional calculation to construct a CI to estimate the population mean. But for an independent measures t test, that's not necessary because the CI around the mean difference is exactly what we're looking for.Homophobia and homosexual arousalAdams, Wright, & Lohr (1996) were interested in psychoanalytic theories that homophobia may be unconsciously related to anxiety about being or becoming homosexual. They administered the Index of Homophobia to 64 heterosexual males and categorized them as homophobic or nonhomophobic on the basis of their scores. Then they exposed all of the men to videotapes of sexually explicit erotic stimuli portraying heterosexual and homosexual behavior, and recorded their level of sexual arousal. They reasoned that if homophobia were unconsciously related to anxiety about one's own sexuality, individuals rated homophobic based on their Index of Homophobia scores would show greater arousal to the homosexual videos than would nonhomophobic individuals.There were no group differences when the two groups viewed the heterosexual and lesbian videos. So in this example we examine only the data from the homosexual video. The data in this data set were created to have the same means and pooled variance as the data that Adams et al. collected, so our conclusions will be the same as theirs. The dependent variable is the degree of arousal at the end of the four-minute video, with larger values indicating greater arousal. The file, Homophobia.csv, attached to this assignment, contains the arousal scores for the 64 men in the study. We will use these data to illustrate the independent measures t test by comparing the mean arousal score of the homophobic and nonhomophobic men.Adams, H.E., Wright, L.W., & Lohr, B.A. (1996). Is homophobia associated with homosexual arousal? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 440-445.(1) Download Homophobia.csv and open it in Jamovi.(2) Make sure the measure type and variable type are correct for the variables.(3) Change the label for Group 1 to Homophobic and the label for Group 2 to Nonhomophobic.(4) Conduct an independent measures t test. All settings should be the same as for Example10-2.(5) Save the Jamovi file as Ch10_YourLastName.omv and use it to answer the questions on the worksheet.Instructions for submitting this assignment.(1) Locate Example10-2.omv, Ch10_YourLastName.omv, and Ch10 Homework.docx where you saved them on your computer.(2) Click the title of this assignment ( Ch10 Homework) to open the Upload Assignment page.(3) In the ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION section, attach Example10-2.omv, Ch10_YourLastName.omv, and the Ch10 Homework file. Click Submit.(4) If you submit this assignment early enough, I might have time to provide feedback that you can use to improve it and possibly improve your grade. So soon after you submit it, return to this assignment to see if I've given you any feedback. Click the assignment title and on the Review Submission History page you'll see the details of your prior submissions. To revise a prior submission, click Start New, download and revise, be sure to save it, and upload it as previously.