Description
1. Distinguish the pathophisiology, clinical manifestations and treatment modalities of different alterations in the function of
a. Erythrocytes,
b. Platelets
c. Hemostatic function.
This assignment have to be completed in a Power Point Presentation pe
Explanation & Answer
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ALTERATIONS IN
ERYTHROCYTES,
PLATELETS AND
HEMOSTATIC FUNCTION
OUTLINE
• Introduction – Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostasis
• Functions of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostasis
• Alterations in Functions
• Anemia
• Methemoglobinemia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Thrombocytosis
• Hemophilia
• Thrombosis
• Tabular Summary
• References
INTRODUCTION
• Erythrocytes are non-nucleated biconcave red blood cells that contain hemoglobin which
gives blood its red color.
It has a life span of about 120 days and is destroyed in the spleen after this.
About 37 - 54% of the blood is made up of erythrocytes. (Conley et al., 2020)
• Platelets, also known as thrombocytes are the formed elements of blood, derived from the
fragmentation of the cytoplasm. They do not have a nucleus and make up less than 1% of
the blood volume.
• Hemostasis is the process that leads to the stoppage of bleeding.
It involves three steps; vasoconstriction, formation of platelet plug,
and coagulation of blood. (Sembulingam & Sembulingam, 2012)
FUNCTIONS
• The primary function of red cells is the transport of oxygen to the
tissues and the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the
lungs. It also aids in the determination of blood groups and
hemoglobin acts as a buffer to maintain acid-base balance in the blood
• Platelets function majorly to form blood clots, as well as to stop
bleeding (hemostasis). They are also responsible for clot retraction
and have a role to play in repairing blood vessels.
• Hemostasis is necessary to prevent excessive loss of blood
due to hemorrhage.
ALTERATIONS IN FUNCTIONS
• Major alterations in erythrocyte function include Anemia,
methemoglobinemia, thalassemia, etc.
• Alterations in platelet function include thrombocytopenia,
thrombocytosis, and thrombocythemia
• Disorders in hemostasis include bleeding disorders such as
hemophilia, purpura, and thrombosis.
ANEMIA
• This is defined as the decrease in hemoglobin concentration below that which is normal for a given age
or sex.
In anemia, hemoglobin concentration falls below 135g/L in adult males, 115g/L in adult females, ...
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