View attached explanation and answer. Let me know if you have any questions.Final answer document writen in word file

Outline
Thesis statement: Analyzing real GDP and Inflation Rate in United states
1. Explaining the change in the volatility of U.S. output fluctuations before and after 1983?
2. The impact of COVID-19 on real GDP growth?
3. difference between CPI-based inflation and PCE-based inflation
4. drivers of inflation

View attached explanation and answer. Let me know if you have any questions.

PCE and CPIinflation rate
PCE inflination rate
1.70%
1.71%
1.69%
1.86%
1.91%
1.67%
1.63%
1.66%
1.45%
1.33%
1.60%
1.51%
1.58%
1.57%
1.46%
1.02%
0.97%
0.98%
1.02%
0.93%
0.99%
0.86%
0.53%
0.54%
0.71%
0.89%
1.07%
1.25%
1.26%
1.27%
1.00%
1.06%
1.44%
1.35%
1.42%
1.34%
1.40%
1.24%
1.03%
0.91%
1.00%
1.16%

CPI inflation rate
1.24%
1.41%
1.52%
1.93%
1.83%
1.72%
1.37%
1.47%
1.23%
1.36%
1.47%
1.36%
1.60%
1.46%
1.46%
0.91%
0.91%
0.78%
1.25%
1.11%
1.25%
0.77%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.90%
1.11%
1.34%
1.34%
1.24%
1.00%
1.14%
1.47%
1.33%
1.33%
1.23%
1.33%
1.23%
1.13%
0.89%
0.89%
1.32%

PCE and C
16.00%
14.00%
12.00%
10.00%
8.00%
6.00%
4.00%
2.00%
0.00%
-2.00%
-4.00%

1960-01-01
1962-07-01
1965-01-01
1967-07-01
1970-01-01
1972-07-01
1975-01-01

Observation date
1960-01-01
1960-02-01
1960-03-01
1960-04-01
1960-05-01
1960-06-01
1960-07-01
1960-08-01
1960-09-01
1960-10-01
1960-11-01
1960-12-01
1961-01-01
1961-02-01
1961-03-01
1961-04-01
1961-05-01
1961-06-01
1961-07-01
1961-08-01
1961-09-01
1961-10-01
1961-11-01
1961-12-01
1962-01-01
1962-02-01
1962-03-01
1962-04-01
1962-05-01
1962-06-01
1962-07-01
1962-08-01
1962-09-01
1962-10-01
1962-11-01
1962-12-01
1963-01-01
1963-02-01
1963-03-01
1963-04-01
1963-05-01
1963-06-01

PCE inflination r

1963-07-01
1963-08-01
1963-09-01
1963-10-01
1963-11-01
1963-12-01
1964-01-01
1964-02-01
1964-03-01
1964-04-01
1964-05-01
1964-06-01
1964-07-01
1964-08-01
1964-09-01
1964-10-01
1964-11-01
1964-12-01
1965-01-01
1965-02-01
1965-03-01
1965-04-01
1965-05-01
1965-06-01
1965-07-01
1965-08-01
1965-09-01
1965-10-01
1965-11-01
1965-12-01
1966-01-01
1966-02-01
1966-03-01
1966-04-01
1966-05-01
1966-06-01
1966-07-01
1966-08-01
1966-09-01
1966-10-01
1966-11-01
1966-12-01
1967-01-01
1967-02-01
1967-03-01
1967-04-01
1967-05-01

1.42%
1.41%
0.89%
1.20%
1.26%
1.45%
1.42%
1.46%
1.59%
1.68%
1.53%
1.45%
1.37%
1.32%
1.50%
1.36%
1.36%
1.35%
1.25%
1.15%
1.22%
1.30%
1.52%
1.67%
1.62%
1.56%
1.45%
1.42%
1.45%
1.67%
1.68%
2.06%
2.17%
2.37%
2.27%
2.23%
2.34%
2.71%
2.99%
3.23%
3.21%
3.05%
2.93%
2.63%
2.44%
2.25%
2.32%

1.56%
1.55%
0.99%
1.22%
1.32%
1.65%
1.64%
1.41%
1.41%
1.54%
1.54%
1.31%
1.08%
0.98%
1.17%
1.20%
1.40%
1.20%
1.10%
1.20%
1.20%
1.39%
1.61%
1.93%
1.81%
1.61%
1.74%
1.70%
1.73%
1.92%
1.92%
2.56%
2.78%
2.87%
2.76%
2.44%
2.75%
3.49%
3.57%
3.79%
3.56%
3.36%
3.20%
2.87%
2.55%
2.54%
2.32%

1967-06-01
1967-07-01
1967-08-01
1967-09-01
1967-10-01
1967-11-01
1967-12-01
1968-01-01
1968-02-01
1968-03-01
1968-04-01
1968-05-01
1968-06-01
1968-07-01
1968-08-01
1968-09-01
1968-10-01
1968-11-01
1968-12-01
1969-01-01
1969-02-01
1969-03-01
1969-04-01
1969-05-01
1969-06-01
1969-07-01
1969-08-01
1969-09-01
1969-10-01
1969-11-01
1969-12-01
1970-01-01
1970-02-01
1970-03-01
1970-04-01
1970-05-01
1970-06-01
1970-07-01
1970-08-01
1970-09-01
1970-10-01
1970-11-01
1970-12-01
1971-01-01
1971-02-01
1971-03-01
1971-04-01

2.39%
2.54%
2.47%
2.46%
2.47%
2.66%
2.61%
3.08%
3.38%
3.66%
3.81%
3.99%
3.99%
3.96%
4.06%
4.10%
4.28%
4.28%
4.34%
4.26%
4.10%
4.24%
4.38%
4.41%
4.59%
4.72%
4.59%
4.65%
4.55%
4.64%
4.91%
4.88%
5.03%
4.80%
4.86%
4.77%
4.54%
4.47%
4.45%
4.49%
4.64%
4.61%
4.59%
4.43%
4.33%
4.42%
4.29%

2.84%
2.93%
2.60%
2.60%
2.59%
3.10%
3.28%
3.65%
3.64%
3.94%
3.93%
4.23%
4.20%
4.49%
4.48%
4.46%
4.75%
4.42%
4.71%
4.69%
4.68%
5.25%
5.52%
5.51%
5.48%
5.44%
5.43%
5.70%
5.67%
5.93%
5.90%
6.16%
6.42%
6.09%
6.06%
6.04%
6.01%
5.71%
5.69%
5.66%
5.63%
5.60%
5.57%
5.28%
4.72%
4.44%
4.16%

1971-05-01
1971-06-01
1971-07-01
1971-08-01
1971-09-01
1971-10-01
1971-11-01
1971-12-01
1972-01-01
1972-02-01
1972-03-01
1972-04-01
1972-05-01
1972-06-01
1972-07-01
1972-08-01
1972-09-01
1972-10-01
1972-11-01
1972-12-01
1973-01-01
1973-02-01
1973-03-01
1973-04-01
1973-05-01
1973-06-01
1973-07-01
1973-08-01
1973-09-01
1973-10-01
1973-11-01
1973-12-01
1974-01-01
1974-02-01
1974-03-01
1974-04-01
1974-05-01
1974-06-01
1974-07-01
1974-08-01
1974-09-01
1974-10-01
1974-11-01
1974-12-01
1975-01-01
1975-02-01
1975-03-01

4.40%
4.59%
4.52%
4.55%
4.24%
3.89%
3.69%
3.64%
3.85%
3.95%
3.76%
3.51%
3.30%
3.01%
3.06%
3.07%
3.37%
3.33%
3.42%
3.35%
3.23%
3.37%
3.96%
4.57%
4.85%
5.29%
5.30%
6.20%
6.15%
6.63%
7.19%
7.72%
8.43%
9.11%
9.61%
9.57%
10.11%
10.40%
10.82%
10.70%
11.40%
11.58%
11.50%
11.46%
11.09%
10.41%
9.51%

4.40%
4.38%
4.37%
4.36%
4.08%
3.81%
3.54%
3.27%
3.26%
3.76%
3.50%
3.49%
3.23%
2.96%
2.96%
2.95%
3.19%
3.18%
3.41%
3.41%
3.64%
3.86%
4.83%
5.30%
5.53%
6.00%
5.74%
7.40%
7.36%
8.06%
8.25%
8.94%
9.60%
10.00%
10.14%
10.07%
10.71%
10.86%
11.54%
10.89%
11.95%
11.84%
12.20%
12.10%
11.75%
11.21%
10.46%

1975-04-01
1975-05-01
1975-06-01
1975-07-01
1975-08-01
1975-09-01
1975-10-01
1975-11-01
1975-12-01
1976-01-01
1976-02-01
1976-03-01
1976-04-01
1976-05-01
1976-06-01
1976-07-01
1976-08-01
1976-09-01
1976-10-01
1976-11-01
1976-12-01
1977-01-01
1977-02-01
1977-03-01
1977-04-01
1977-05-01
1977-06-01
1977-07-01
1977-08-01
1977-09-01
1977-10-01
1977-11-01
1977-12-01
1978-01-01
1978-02-01
1978-03-01
1978-04-01
1978-05-01
1978-06-01
1978-07-01
1978-08-01
1978-09-01
1978-10-01
1978-11-01
1978-12-01
1979-01-01
1979-02-01

9.11%
8.47%
8.24%
8.37%
7.71%
7.13%
6.99%
6.87%
6.62%
6.37%
5.93%
5.73%
5.61%
5.69%
5.49%
5.12%
5.25%
5.32%
5.26%
5.06%
5.07%
5.28%
5.97%
6.34%
6.72%
6.75%
6.88%
6.89%
6.80%
6.60%
6.54%
6.67%
6.59%
6.60%
6.26%
6.42%
6.60%
6.82%
6.92%
6.95%
7.00%
7.20%
7.55%
7.55%
7.53%
7.70%
7.78%

10.19%
9.26%
9.18%
9.53%
8.62%
7.91%
7.65%
7.38%
7.13%
6.69%
6.27%
6.06%
5.85%
6.21%
5.98%
5.56%
5.72%
5.49%
5.46%
5.06%
5.04%
5.20%
6.08%
6.43%
6.95%
6.74%
6.70%
6.67%
6.63%
6.42%
6.39%
6.71%
6.68%
6.81%
6.24%
6.38%
6.50%
7.14%
7.44%
7.73%
7.86%
8.48%
8.93%
8.87%
8.99%
9.25%
9.84%

1979-03-01
1979-04-01
1979-05-01
1979-06-01
1979-07-01
1979-08-01
1979-09-01
1979-10-01
1979-11-01
1979-12-01
1980-01-01
1980-02-01
1980-03-01
1980-04-01
1980-05-01
1980-06-01
1980-07-01
1980-08-01
1980-09-01
1980-10-01
1980-11-01
1980-12-01
1981-01-01
1981-02-01
1981-03-01
1981-04-01
1981-05-01
1981-06-01
1981-07-01
1981-08-01
1981-09-01
1981-10-01
1981-11-01
1981-12-01
1982-01-01
1982-02-01
1982-03-01
1982-04-01
1982-05-01
1982-06-01
1982-07-01
1982-08-01
1982-09-01
1982-10-01
1982-11-01
1982-12-01
1983-01-01

7.92%
8.22%
8.57%
8.76%
8.99%
9.27%
9.61%
9.63%
9.77%
10.18%
10.50%
11.10%
11.59%
11.02%
10.74%
10.52%
10.54%
10.61%
10.66%
10.65%
10.78%
10.57%
10.47%
10.39%
9.81%
9.72%
9.36%
9.11%
8.92%
8.70%
8.35%
7.98%
7.68%
7.32%
6.93%
6.17%
5.71%
5.31%
5.46%
5.80%
5.79%
5.46%
5.11%
5.23%
4.98%
4.81%
4.68%

10.25%
10.49%
10.70%
11.08%
11.45%
11.84%
11.88%
12.07%
12.59%
13.25%
13.87%
14.16%
14.59%
14.59%
14.43%
14.27%
13.15%
12.89%
12.77%
12.63%
12.63%
12.35%
11.79%
11.39%
10.61%
10.14%
9.79%
9.70%
10.77%
10.82%
10.97%
10.27%
9.58%
8.91%
8.26%
7.61%
6.88%
6.62%
6.91%
7.18%
6.56%
5.97%
4.94%
5.03%
4.48%
3.83%
3.71%

1983-02-01
1983-03-01
1983-04-01
1983-05-01
1983-06-01
1983-07-01
1983-08-01
1983-09-01
1983-10-01
1983-11-01
1983-12-01
1984-01-01
1984-02-01
1984-03-01
1984-04-01
1984-05-01
1984-06-01
1984-07-01
1984-08-01
1984-09-01
1984-10-01
1984-11-01
1984-12-01
1985-01-01
1985-02-01
1985-03-01
1985-04-01
1985-05-01
1985-06-01
1985-07-01
1985-08-01
1985-09-01
1985-10-01
1985-11-01
1985-12-01
1986-01-01
1986-02-01
1986-03-01
1986-04-01
1986-05-01
1986-06-01
1986-07-01
1986-08-01
1986-09-01
1986-10-01
1986-11-01
1986-12-01

4.55%
4.41%
4.83%
4.51%
4.15%
4.12%
4.24%
4.31%
3.91%
3.74%
3.65%
3.61%
4.13%
4.34%
4.26%
4.10%
3.89%
3.68%
3.56%
3.34%
3.40%
3.40%
3.64%
3.70%
3.49%
3.55%
3.31%
3.43%
3.52%
3.41%
3.43%
3.47%
3.39%
3.55%
3.61%
3.56%
3.09%
2.46%
2.10%
2.05%
2.15%
1.92%
1.72%
1.88%
1.89%
1.78%
1.57%

3.48%
3.59%
4.00%
3.44%
2.47%
2.36%
2.46%
2.76%
2.75%
3.16%
3.79%
4.29%
4.69%
4.89%
4.55%
4.33%
4.33%
4.31%
4.30%
4.28%
4.27%
4.15%
4.04%
3.53%
3.61%
3.79%
3.58%
3.57%
3.66%
3.46%
3.35%
3.25%
3.24%
3.51%
3.79%
3.97%
3.20%
2.15%
1.59%
1.68%
1.77%
1.67%
1.58%
1.76%
1.57%
1.28%
1.19%

1987-01-01
1987-02-01
1987-03-01
1987-04-01
1987-05-01
1987-06-01
1987-07-01
1987-08-01
1987-09-01
1987-10-01
1987-11-01
1987-12-01
1988-01-01
1988-02-01
1988-03-01
1988-04-01
1988-05-01
1988-06-01
1988-07-01
1988-08-01
1988-09-01
1988-10-01
1988-11-01
1988-12-01
1989-01-01
1989-02-01
1989-03-01
1989-04-01
1989-05-01
1989-06-01
1989-07-01
1989-08-01
1989-09-01
1989-10-01
1989-11-01
1989-12-01
1990-01-01
1990-02-01
1990-03-01
1990-04-01
1990-05-01
1990-06-01
1990-07-01
1990-08-01
1990-09-01
1990-10-01
1990-11-01

1.58%
1.94%
2.43%
3.02%
3.09%
3.10%
3.31%
3.59%
3.60%
3.74%
3.76%
3.81%
3.73%
3.51%
3.60%
3.72%
3.75%
3.80%
4.07%
3.97%
4.12%
4.13%
4.17%
4.31%
4.43%
4.63%
4.66%
4.84%
4.92%
4.71%
4.45%
4.15%
3.88%
3.94%
3.93%
3.91%
4.16%
4.27%
4.28%
3.80%
3.66%
3.89%
3.90%
4.58%
4.98%
5.17%
5.08%

1.36%
1.91%
2.84%
3.68%
3.67%
3.75%
3.93%
4.29%
4.27%
4.36%
4.53%
4.33%
4.13%
3.94%
3.83%
3.99%
3.98%
3.96%
4.13%
4.11%
4.18%
4.26%
4.25%
4.41%
4.48%
4.65%
4.89%
5.03%
5.28%
5.17%
5.06%
4.62%
4.44%
4.59%
4.66%
4.64%
5.20%
5.26%
5.24%
4.71%
4.37%
4.67%
4.82%
5.70%
6.17%
6.38%
6.20%

1990-12-01
1991-01-01
1991-02-01
1991-03-01
1991-04-01
1991-05-01
1991-06-01
1991-07-01
1991-08-01
1991-09-01
1991-10-01
1991-11-01
1991-12-01
1992-01-01
1992-02-01
1992-03-01
1992-04-01
1992-05-01
1992-06-01
1992-07-01
1992-08-01
1992-09-01
1992-10-01
1992-11-01
1992-12-01
1993-01-01
1993-02-01
1993-03-01
1993-04-01
1993-05-01
1993-06-01
1993-07-01
1993-08-01
1993-09-01
1993-10-01
1993-11-01
1993-12-01
1994-01-01
1994-02-01
1994-03-01
1994-04-01
1994-05-01
1994-06-01
1994-07-01
1994-08-01
1994-09-01
1994-10-01

4.87%
4.48%
4.07%
3.71%
3.68%
3.87%
3.59%
3.50%
3.05%
2.78%
2.38%
2.48%
2.64%
2.39%
2.60%
2.82%
2.91%
2.62%
2.63%
2.81%
2.71%
2.53%
2.70%
2.67%
2.59%
2.70%
2.60%
2.56%
2.56%
2.74%
2.59%
2.42%
2.45%
2.39%
2.35%
2.35%
2.19%
1.98%
2.06%
2.13%
1.98%
1.81%
2.03%
2.19%
2.25%
2.25%
2.10%

6.25%
5.65%
5.31%
4.82%
4.81%
5.03%
4.70%
4.37%
3.80%
3.40%
2.85%
3.07%
2.98%
2.67%
2.82%
3.19%
3.18%
3.02%
3.01%
3.16%
3.07%
2.99%
3.28%
3.12%
2.97%
3.25%
3.25%
3.02%
3.16%
3.22%
3.00%
2.85%
2.84%
2.76%
2.75%
2.74%
2.81%
2.45%
2.52%
2.65%
2.36%
2.29%
2.49%
2.70%
2.90%
2.97%
2.61%

1994-11-01
1994-12-01
1995-01-01
1995-02-01
1995-03-01
1995-04-01
1995-05-01
1995-06-01
1995-07-01
1995-08-01
1995-09-01
1995-10-01
1995-11-01
1995-12-01
1996-01-01
1996-02-01
1996-03-01
1996-04-01
1996-05-01
1996-06-01
1996-07-01
1996-08-01
1996-09-01
1996-10-01
1996-11-01
1996-12-01
1997-01-01
1997-02-01
1997-03-01
1997-04-01
1997-05-01
1997-06-01
1997-07-01
1997-08-01
1997-09-01
1997-10-01
1997-11-01
1997-12-01
1998-01-01
1998-02-01
1998-03-01
1998-04-01
1998-05-01
1998-06-01
1998-07-01
1998-08-01
1998-09-01

2.11%
2.15%
2.32%
2.27%
2.17%
2.32%
2.33%
2.18%
1.99%
1.97%
1.93%
2.02%
1.82%
1.95%
1.97%
1.95%
2.07%
2.11%
2.13%
2.03%
2.12%
1.99%
2.21%
2.26%
2.44%
2.36%
2.27%
2.32%
2.12%
1.92%
1.69%
1.83%
1.67%
1.66%
1.61%
1.44%
1.26%
1.12%
1.04%
0.78%
0.69%
0.72%
0.90%
0.69%
0.88%
0.93%
0.63%

2.60%
2.60%
2.87%
2.86%
2.79%
3.13%
3.12%
3.04%
2.83%
2.62%
2.55%
2.74%
2.60%
2.53%
2.79%
2.72%
2.84%
2.83%
2.83%
2.82%
2.88%
2.81%
3.00%
3.06%
3.25%
3.38%
3.04%
3.03%
2.77%
2.43%
2.24%
2.23%
2.17%
2.29%
2.22%
2.09%
1.89%
1.70%
1.63%
1.44%
1.38%
1.44%
1.69%
1.62%
1.75%
1.62%
1.43%

1998-10-01
1998-11-01
1998-12-01
1999-01-01
1999-02-01
1999-03-01
1999-04-01
1999-05-01
1999-06-01
1999-07-01
1999-08-01
1999-09-01
1999-10-01
1999-11-01
1999-12-01
2000-01-01
2000-02-01
2000-03-01
2000-04-01
2000-05-01
2000-06-01
2000-07-01
2000-08-01
2000-09-01
2000-10-01
2000-11-01
2000-12-01
2001-01-01
2001-02-01
2001-03-01
2001-04-01
2001-05-01
2001-06-01
2001-07-01
2001-08-01
2001-09-01
2001-10-01
2001-11-01
2001-12-01
2002-01-01
2002-02-01
2002-03-01
2002-04-01
2002-05-01
2002-06-01
2002-07-01
2002-08-01

0.72%
0.72%
0.85%
0.94%
0.93%
0.99%
1.36%
1.28%
1.40%
1.42%
1.46%
1.88%
1.83%
1.92%
2.06%
2.19%
2.57%
2.93%
2.35%
2.37%
2.68%
2.67%
2.48%
2.55%
2.51%
2.57%
2.49%
2.70%
2.54%
2.11%
2.37%
2.56%
2.39%
2.10%
2.10%
1.31%
1.53%
1.32%
1.06%
0.67%
0.68%
0.94%
1.19%
0.99%
0.94%
1.19%
1.40%

1.49%
1.48%
1.61%
1.67%
1.67%
1.73%
2.28%
2.09%
1.97%
2.14%
2.26%
2.63%
2.56%
2.62%
2.68%
2.79%
3.22%
3.76%
3.01%
3.13%
3.73%
3.60%
3.35%
3.46%
3.45%
3.44%
3.44%
3.72%
3.53%
2.98%
3.22%
3.56%
3.19%
2.72%
2.72%
2.59%
2.13%
1.89%
1.60%
1.20%
1.14%
1.36%
1.64%
1.24%
1.07%
1.47%
1.75%

2002-09-01
2002-10-01
2002-11-01
2002-12-01
2003-01-01
2003-02-01
2003-03-01
2003-04-01
2003-05-01
2003-06-01
2003-07-01
2003-08-01
2003-09-01
2003-10-01
2003-11-01
2003-12-01
2004-01-01
2004-02-01
2004-03-01
2004-04-01
2004-05-01
2004-06-01
2004-07-01
2004-08-01
2004-09-01
2004-10-01
2004-11-01
2004-12-01
2005-01-01
2005-02-01
2005-03-01
2005-04-01
2005-05-01
2005-06-01
2005-07-01
2005-08-01
2005-09-01
2005-10-01
2005-11-01
2005-12-01
2006-01-01
2006-02-01
2006-03-01
2006-04-01
2006-05-01
2006-06-01
2006-07-01

1.93%
1.76%
1.93%
2.13%
2.34%
2.61%
2.59%
1.99%
1.81%
1.79%
1.86%
2.01%
2.14%
1.97%
2.00%
2.12%
2.21%
2.00%
1.90%
2.26%
2.71%
2.89%
2.68%
2.39%
2.27%
2.70%
2.97%
2.79%
2.53%
2.60%
2.75%
2.84%
2.57%
2.34%
2.68%
3.04%
3.83%
3.55%
2.94%
2.88%
3.25%
3.02%
2.91%
3.10%
3.32%
3.51%
3.43%

1.52%
2.03%
2.25%
2.48%
2.76%
3.15%
3.03%
2.18%
1.89%
1.95%
2.06%
2.22%
2.38%
2.04%
1.93%
2.04%
2.03%
1.69%
1.74%
2.29%
2.90%
3.17%
2.94%
2.55%
2.54%
3.19%
3.62%
3.34%
2.84%
3.05%
3.21%
3.36%
2.87%
2.54%
3.07%
3.65%
4.74%
4.35%
3.34%
3.34%
4.02%
3.64%
3.42%
3.61%
3.98%
4.18%
4.10%

2006-08-01
2006-09-01
2006-10-01
2006-11-01
2006-12-01
2007-01-01
2007-02-01
2007-03-01
2007-04-01
2007-05-01
2007-06-01
2007-07-01
2007-08-01
2007-09-01
2007-10-01
2007-11-01
2007-12-01
2008-01-01
2008-02-01
2008-03-01
2008-04-01
2008-05-01
2008-06-01
2008-07-01
2008-08-01
2008-09-01
2008-10-01
2008-11-01
2008-12-01
2009-01-01
2009-02-01
2009-03-01
2009-04-01
2009-05-01
2009-06-01
2009-07-01
2009-08-01
2009-09-01
2009-10-01
2009-11-01
2009-12-01
2010-01-01
2010-02-01
2010-03-01
2010-04-01
2010-05-01
2010-06-01

3.34%
2.08%
1.68%
1.92%
2.29%
2.13%
2.39%
2.57%
2.33%
2.35%
2.32%
2.12%
1.87%
2.53%
3.09%
3.60%
3.47%
3.39%
3.27%
3.19%
3.14%
3.28%
3.81%
4.14%
3.98%
3.67%
2.67%
0.93%
0.13%
-0.11%
-0.13%
-0.53%
-0.57%
-0.89%
-1.02%
-1.47%
-1.10%
-1.02%
0.01%
1.46%
2.09%
2.30%
2.12%
2.37%
2.28%
2.21%
1.56%

3.93%
2.01%
1.41%
1.97%
2.52%
2.08%
2.42%
2.80%
2.59%
2.71%
2.69%
2.32%
1.90%
2.83%
3.61%
4.37%
4.11%
4.29%
4.14%
3.97%
3.90%
4.09%
4.94%
5.50%
5.31%
4.95%
3.73%
1.10%
-0.02%
-0.11%
0.01%
-0.45%
-0.58%
-1.02%
-1.23%
-1.96%
-1.48%
-1.38%
-0.22%
1.91%
2.81%
2.62%
2.15%
2.29%
2.21%
2.00%
1.12%

2010-07-01
2010-08-01
2010-09-01
2010-10-01
2010-11-01
2010-12-01
2011-01-01
2011-02-01
2011-03-01
2011-04-01
2011-05-01
2011-06-01
2011-07-01
2011-08-01
2011-09-01
2011-10-01
2011-11-01
2011-12-01
2012-01-01
2012-02-01
2012-03-01
2012-04-01
2012-05-01
2012-06-01
2012-07-01
2012-08-01
2012-09-01
2012-10-01
2012-11-01
2012-12-01
2013-01-01
2013-02-01
2013-03-01
2013-04-01
2013-05-01
2013-06-01
2013-07-01
2013-08-01
2013-09-01
2013-10-01
2013-11-01
2013-12-01
2014-01-01
2014-02-01
2014-03-01
2014-04-01
2014-05-01

1.64%
1.48%
1.42%
1.36%
1.31%
1.48%
1.56%
1.85%
2.11%
2.49%
2.77%
2.79%
2.88%
2.98%
3.02%
2.69%
2.70%
2.53%
2.57%
2.51%
2.30%
2.00%
1.58%
1.55%
1.41%
1.51%
1.68%
1.98%
1.70%
1.63%
1.47%
1.62%
1.29%
1.08%
1.26%
1.53%
1.62%
1.43%
1.17%
1.04%
1.26%
1.48%
1.48%
1.17%
1.50%
1.78%
1.89%

1.34%
1.15%
1.12%
1.17%
1.08%
1.44%
1.70%
2.12%
2.62%
3.08%
3.46%
3.50%
3.58%
3.75%
3.81%
3.52%
3.45%
3.06%
3.01%
2.90%
2.58%
2.27%
1.74%
1.65%
1.42%
1.69%
1.95%
2.16%
1.80%
1.76%
1.68%
2.02%
1.52%
1.14%
1.39%
1.72%
1.89%
1.54%
1.09%
0.88%
1.23%
1.51%
1.56%
1.12%
1.61%
2.02%
2.17%

2014-06-01
2014-07-01
2014-08-01
2014-09-01
2014-10-01
2014-11-01
2014-12-01
2015-01-01
2015-02-01
2015-03-01
2015-04-01
2015-05-01
2015-06-01
2015-07-01
2015-08-01
2015-09-01
2015-10-01
2015-11-01
2015-12-01
2016-01-01
2016-02-01
2016-03-01
2016-04-01
2016-05-01
2016-06-01
2016-07-01
2016-08-01
2016-09-01
2016-10-01
2016-11-01
2016-12-01
2017-01-01
2017-02-01
2017-03-01
2017-04-01
2017-05-01
2017-06-01
2017-07-01
2017-08-01
2017-09-01
2017-10-01
2017-11-01
2017-12-01
2018-01-01
2018-02-01
2018-03-01
2018-04-01

1.79%
1.81%
1.64%
1.63%
1.43%
1.19%
0.84%
0.18%
0.29%
0.28%
0.16%
0.23%
0.31%
0.24%
0.26%
0.08%
0.09%
0.23%
0.30%
0.82%
0.59%
0.63%
0.89%
0.80%
0.79%
0.75%
0.90%
1.23%
1.46%
1.44%
1.71%
2.04%
2.19%
1.90%
1.84%
1.66%
1.58%
1.56%
1.63%
1.88%
1.82%
1.96%
1.88%
1.84%
1.96%
2.18%
2.15%

2.06%
1.97%
1.72%
1.68%
1.61%
1.23%
0.65%
-0.23%
-0.09%
-0.02%
-0.10%
0.04%
0.18%
0.23%
0.24%
0.01%
0.13%
0.44%
0.64%
1.24%
0.85%
0.89%
1.17%
1.08%
1.08%
0.87%
1.06%
1.55%
1.69%
1.68%
2.05%
2.51%
2.81%
2.44%
2.18%
1.86%
1.64%
1.73%
1.93%
2.18%
2.02%
2.17%
2.13%
2.10%
2.23%
2.33%
2.44%

2018-05-01
2018-06-01
2018-07-01
2018-08-01
2018-09-01
2018-10-01
2018-11-01
2018-12-01
2019-01-01
2019-02-01
2019-03-01
2019-04-01
2019-05-01
2019-06-01
2019-07-01
2019-08-01
2019-09-01
2019-10-01
2019-11-01
2019-12-01
2020-01-01
2020-02-01
2020-03-01
2020-04-01
2020-05-01
2020-06-01
2020-07-01
2020-08-01
2020-09-01
2020-10-01
2020-11-01
2020-12-01
2021-01-01
2021-02-01
2021-03-01
2021-04-01
2021-05-01
2021-06-01
2021-07-01
2021-08-01
2021-09-01
2021-10-01
2021-11-01
2021-12-01
2022-01-01
2022-02-01
2022-03-01

2.37%
2.38%
2.44%
2.28%
2.07%
2.11%
2.01%
1.86%
1.47%
1.36%
1.47%
1.62%
1.50%
1.46%
1.52%
1.51%
1.38%
1.41%
1.42%
1.65%
1.90%
1.87%
1.34%
0.41%
0.51%
0.91%
1.04%
1.30%
1.38%
1.17%
1.11%
1.29%
1.41%
1.63%
2.45%
3.58%
3.97%
4.03%
4.16%
4.24%
4.44%
5.06%
5.65%
5.78%
6.00%
6.27%
6.64%

2.78%
2.85%
2.90%
2.68%
2.36%
2.53%
2.17%
1.92%
1.50%
1.48%
1.88%
2.01%
1.81%
1.69%
1.82%
1.76%
1.73%
1.76%
2.03%
2.26%
2.46%
2.32%
1.53%
0.36%
0.24%
0.73%
1.03%
1.33%
1.40%
1.18%
1.14%
1.28%
1.36%
1.68%
2.66%
4.15%
4.94%
5.34%
5.28%
5.21%
5.39%
6.24%
6.83%
7.10%
7.53%
7.91%
8.56%

2022-04-01
2022-05-01

6.29%
6.35%

8.22%
8.52%

1975-01-01
1977-07-01
1980-01-01
1982-07-01
1985-01-01
1987-07-01
1990-01-01
1992-07-01
1995-01-01
1997-07-01
2000-01-01
2002-07-01
2005-01-01
2007-07-01
2010-01-01
2012-07-01
2015-01-01
2017-07-01
2020-01-01

PCE and CPIinflation rate

PCE inflination rate
CPI inflation rate


FRED Graph Observations
Federal Reserve Economic Data
Link: https://fred.stlouisfed.org
Help: https://fredhelp.stlouisfed.org
Economic Research Division
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CPIAUCSL

Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average, Index 1982-1984=10

Frequency: Monthly
observation_date
1947-01-01
1947-02-01
1947-03-01
1947-04-01
1947-05-01
1947-06-01
1947-07-01
1947-08-01
1947-09-01
1947-10-01
1947-11-01
1947-12-01
1948-01-01
1948-02-01
1948-03-01
1948-04-01
1948-05-01
1948-06-01
1948-07-01
1948-08-01
1948-09-01
1948-10-01
1948-11-01
1948-12-01
1949-01-01
1949-02-01
1949-03-01
1949-04-01
1949-05-01
1949-06-01
1949-07-01
1949-08-01
1949-09-01
1949-10-01
1949-11-01
1949-12-01
1950-01-01
1950-02-01
1950-03-01
1950-04-01
1950-05-01

CPIAUCSL
21.480
21.620
22.000
22.000
21.950
22.080
22.230
22.400
22.840
22.910
23.060
23.410
23.680
23.670
23.500
23.820
24.010
24.150
24.400
24.430
24.360
24.310
24.160
24.050
24.010
23.910
23.910
23.920
23.910
23.920
23.700
23.700
23.750
23.670
23.700
23.610
23.510
23.610
23.640
23.650
23.770

CPI inflation rate as the percentage change
10.24%
9.48%
6.82%
8.27%
9.38%
9.38%
9.76%
9.06%
6.65%
6.11%
4.77%
2.73%
1.39%
1.01%
1.74%
0.42%
-0.42%
-0.95%
-2.87%
-2.99%
-2.50%
-2.63%
-1.90%
-1.83%
-2.08%
-1.25%
-1.13%
-1.13%
-0.59%

1950-06-01
1950-07-01
1950-08-01
1950-09-01
1950-10-01
1950-11-01
1950-12-01
1951-01-01
1951-02-01
1951-03-01
1951-04-01
1951-05-01
1951-06-01
1951-07-01
1951-08-01
1951-09-01
1951-10-01
1951-11-01
1951-12-01
1952-01-01
1952-02-01
1952-03-01
1952-04-01
1952-05-01
1952-06-01
1952-07-01
1952-08-01
1952-09-01
1952-10-01
1952-11-01
1952-12-01
1953-01-01
1953-02-01
1953-03-01
1953-04-01
1953-05-01
1953-06-01
1953-07-01
1953-08-01
1953-09-01
1953-10-01
1953-11-01
1953-12-01
1954-01-01
1954-02-01
1954-03-01
1954-04-01
1954-05-01
1954-06-01
1954-07-01
1954-08-01
1954-09-01

23.880
24.070
24.200
24.340
24.500
24.600
24.980
25.380
25.830
25.880
25.920
25.990
25.930
25.910
25.860
26.030
26.160
26.320
26.470
26.450
26.410
26.390
26.460
26.470
26.530
26.680
26.690
26....