View attached explanation and answer. Let me know if you have any questions.
View attached explanation and answer. Let me know if you have any questions.

OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION:
By performing the experiment, the following observation data were noted,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Length of original specimen (L) = 2.76 in.
Diameter of specimen (D) = 1.35 in.
Moist mass of soil specimen (W1) = 280 g.
Dry mass of soil specimen (W2) = 250 g.
Proving ring calibration factor: 1 unit = 1 lb.
Proving dial gauge reading (pressure) along with the corresponding vertical dial gauge
reading (deformation) until loading value peaks and decreases (in table 1).

Sample calculation:
𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 −𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

The moisture content of the specimen (w %) = 𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛 ∗ 100%
=

280−250
250

∗ 100%

= 12 %.

𝜋

𝜋

The cross-section area of the specimen (Ao) = 4 𝐷2 = 4 ∗ 1.352 = 1.43 𝑖𝑛2 .

Taking the 8th data in which vertical deformation reading (ΔL) is 0.08 inches and proving dial
gauge reading is 28,
∆𝐿

0.08

The vertical strain on the specimen (𝜀) = 𝐿 = 2.76 = 0.029 = 2.9 %

Load acting on the specimen (P) = (Proving dial gauge reading)*(Calibration factor) lbs.
= 28*1 lbs.
= 28 lbs.

𝐴

1.43 𝑖𝑛.2

𝑜
Corrected area (AC) = 1−𝜀
= 1−0.029 = 1.473 in2.

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑

28

For this reading, stress (σ) = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1.473 𝑙𝑏𝑠/𝑖𝑛2
= 19.01 𝑙𝑏𝑠/𝑖𝑛2

After calculating the stress and strain value for all specimen deflection readings, we can develop
the axial stress vs. axial strain graph. From this graph 1, which has axial stress vs. a...