University of Vermont Language of Anatomy and Tissues Worksheet

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Name: ____________________ Date: ______________________ Language of Anatomy and Physiology Introduction Terminology can be tricky in Anatomy and Physiology. It is important that members of anatomical and health care fields be able to communicate with one another using a logical, standardized language that is descriptive and informative. Otherwise, we may resort to using terms that are confusing or conditional. For example, the nose is "above" the chin only when the head is in an upright position. But if an individual is lying on her side, how would you describe the position of the nose? You will continue to use this information throughout the remainder of this course, and beyond if you enter training in a health care career. 1. Anatomical Position The individual in this figure is in anatomical position. Note the position of the hands (palms forward) and the feet (toes pointed straight ahead), the subject is upright and facing directly forward. Anatomical position is the standard position that we use as a reference point for all anatomical descriptions, locations, and directions. All directional terms assume that the body is in anatomical position when they are used, regardless of the position the body is actually in. If we stand on our heads, our skull is still considered to be superior to our torso, not inferior to it, even though in actuality we are “upside down.” Furthermore, a person is supine when lying face up and prone when lying face downward. Use the reference I provided to find the answers to the questions (marked in RED) below. Directional terms, surface anatomy landmarks, body planes & sections 2. Anterior surface body landmarks- describe where each of the following is located. - Abdominal - Mammary - Acromial - Mental - Antebrachial - Nasal - Antecubital - Oral - Axillary - Orbital - Brachial - Palmar - Buccal - Patellar - Carpal - Pedal - Cervical - Pelvic - Coxal - Peroneal (fibular) - Crural - Pollex - Digital - Pubic - Femoral - Sternal - Frontal - Tarsal - Hallux - Thoracic - Inguinal - Umbilical Posterior surface body landmarks – describe where each of the following is located - Acromial (deltoid) - Olecranal - Brachial - Otic - Calcaneal - Perineal - Cephalic - Plantar - Dorsum - Popliteal - Femoral - Sacral - Gluteal - Scapular - Lumbar - Sural - Manus - Vertebral - Occipital Now practice the above surface landmark terms by matching the following descriptions with the correct choice of surface terminology: Cheek Back of knee Armpit Back of head Breastbone Hand Elbow Buttock Thumb Thorax 3. Directional Terminology Directional terms describe the location of a specific body part with respect to a different body part. Thus, different directional terms can be used to describe the position of a given body part depending on what we are comparing it to. Learn the following terms. You should be able to define and use these terms: anterior – posterior (ventral – dorsal) superior – inferior proximal – distal [usually used in reference to the point of attachment to the trunk] medial – intermediate – lateral superficial – deep supine - prone Note: The terms “Right” and “Left” refer to the subject’s right and left, not yours. Axial refers to the main part of the body (head, neck and torso). Appendicular refers to the parts that “hang off” the axial frame (arms and legs). Now practice the above directional terms by describing the following relationships: The trachea (windpipe) is to the esophagus (throat). Hair is to muscle. The heart is to the lungs. The ear is to the eye. The abdomen is to the thorax. Skin is to skeletal muscles. The shoulder is to the elbow. The hand is to the elbow. 4. Dorsal (posterior) Body Cavities – list the organs found in these body cavities - Cranial cavity: - Vertebral (spinal) cavity: Ventral (anterior) Body Cavities - Thoracic cavity - Pericardial cavity : - Pleural cavities (2): - Abdominopelvic cavity: -- Quadrants: L. & R. Lower: L. & R. Upper : 5. Serous Membranes (parietal & visceral) – describe where each membrane is located - Pericardial : - Peritoneal: - Pleural: Now test your understanding of the body cavities by completing the exercise below. Match which body cavities would have to be opened for the listed surgical procedure (more than one choice may apply): (a) abdominopelvic (e) cranial (b) thoracic (f) pericardial (c) spinal (d) pleural cavity Removal of a diseased lobe of the lung Removal of a brain tumor Operation on the liver Triple bypass surgery on the heart Removal of a segment of the large intestine 6. Know the Organ systems of the body and the principal organs for each system Also, be able to identify the bold faced organs on models. Endocrine system: Thyroid Pancreas Adrenal glands Pituitary gland Ovaries Pineal gland Testes Cardiovascular System: Heart Lymphatic System: Spleen Thymus Tonsils Larynx Trachea Bronchi Digestive System: Oral Cavity Liver Anus Esophagus Pancreas Appendix Small intestine Stomach Salivary glands Large intestine Rectum Gall bladder Urinary System: Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Reproductive System: Testes Uterus Scrotum Vagina Penis Prostate gland Ovaries Mammary glands Respiratory System: Pharynx Lungs 7. Sectional Terminology In anatomy we often view a "slice", or plane, through a body. Identify the planes listed below. Keep in mind that, while planes through a whole body are easy to identify, those through unfamiliar organs may be more difficult. Sagittal planes: Midsagittal (medial sagittal) plane Frontal (coronal) plane Transverse (horizontal, cross-sectional) plane Draw and label an example of each body plane on the figures.
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Anatomy

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Language of Anatomy and Physiology

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(Total Words: 1067)

Anatomy

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Language of Anatomy and Physiology

1. Anatomical Position
Anterior Surface body landmarks
Abdominal
Acromial

Antebrachial
Antecubital

Axillary
Brachial
Buccal
Carpal
Cervical
Coxal
Crural
Digital
Femoral
Hallux
Inguinal
Mammary
mental
nasal
Oral

palmar
patellar
pedal
pelvic
Peroneal (fibular)
pollex

Located at the level of the abdomen,
between the chest and the hips.
Either related or located near the
acromion which is a bone structure of
the scapula.
Related to the anterior side of the
forearm.
Related to elements that are located
anteriorly to the elbow (known as the
cubitus)
At the level of axillar/armpit – where the
joint connects with the shoulder.
At the level of the arm
Related to the oral cavity, more exactly
the cheeks.
At the level of the wrist
At the level of the neck
At the level of the hip or the hip joint.
Related to the thigh
Related to the fingers
At the level of the femoral bone
The large toe at the level of the feet
At the level of the groin when the
inguinal canal can be found.
Related to the breasts
Located at the level of the chin as it is a
fascial space.
At the level of the structures of the bone
Related to the mouth (* the buccal area
refers mostly to the cheeks while the
other elements at this level are known as
oral ones).
Related to the hands palm
At the level of the patella which is the
knee bone structure
Related to the foot area of a patient
Related to the bones which form the
pelvis (known as the pelvic girdle).
Related to the fibula, the bone structure
lateral to the tibia.
Related to the thumb (the first digit of
the forelimb)

Anatomy
pubic

sternal
tarsal
thoracic
umbilical

3
Usually referring to the hypogastric
region (the lowest abdominal part which
usually contains the external part of the
reproductive organs).
The anterior side of the chest, related to
the sternum where the ribs connect
Related to the tarsus that forms the ankle
At the level of the rib cage where the
thorax is located.
Related to the navel which is located at
the central part of the abdomen (also
known anatomically as the umbilical
region).

Posterior Surface body landmarks
Acromial

Brachial
Calcaneal
Cephalic
d...


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