ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Plan of caves at Lascaux, Montignac, Dordogne, France, 15,000-10,000 BCE
Source: http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/architecture/archprog/slide-232/index.htm
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Hall of Bulls, Lascaux, Montignac, Dordogne,
France, 15,000-10,000 BCE
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Bison on the ceiling of cave at Altamira, Santillana, Santander, Spain 12,000 BCE
Source: Marilyn Stokstad. Art a Brief History. Abrams: NY: 2000
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Source: Marilyn Stokstad. Art a Brief
History. Abrams: NY: 2000
Spotted Horses and Human Hands in the caves at Peche-Merle, Cabrerets, Lot, France, 15,00013,000 BCE
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Reconstruction drawing of mammoth-bone house from Ukraine, c. 16,000-10,000 BCE
Source: Marilyn Stokstad. Art a Brief History. Abrams: NY: 2000
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Ain Ghazal, Jordan, c. 7200-5000 BCE
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Figure of a man, Ain Ghazal, Jordan, c. 7000 BCE
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Plan of Çatal Hüyük, present-day Turkey, c. 6500-5500 BCE
Source: http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/architecture/archprog/slide-232/index.htm
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Reconstruction drawings of settlement and houses of Çatal Hüyük, present-day Turkey, c. 65005500 BCE
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Stonehenge, Salisbury Plains, Wiltshire, England, c. 2750-1500 BCE
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Stonehenge, Salisbury Plains,
Wiltshire, England, c. 27501500 BCE
Source:
http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/a
rchitecture/archprog/slide232/index.htm
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Figures of a man and a woman from Cernavoda, Romania, c. 4000-3500 BCE
ARCH205
1.1-How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Horse and Sun Chariot, Denmark, 1800-1600 BCE
LECTURE 1.1: FOCUS QUESTION
How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
Note on Calendar
BP: years Before the Present
CE: Common Era
BCE: Before the Common Era
Pre-Historic Art
For the purpose of studying Architectural History, the time period called "Pre-
history" encompasses the end of the last glacial age and the beginning of the
present climatic cycle on earth. The ages before the present climatic cycle are
roughly divided into three phases: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. This
division is done from the point of view of tool-making which represents, for the
historians, different stages of technological evolution.
PALEOLITHIC AGE (40,000-10,000 BCE)
• 40,000 -BP
First Migration after the most recent Ice Age:
Architecture
Two types of dwellings are found in the Pre-historic period: 1) Hut construction;
2) Cave dwellings.
Caves provided a natural setting for social gatherings. They were probably not
used as houses, as there is no evidence of hearths inside the excavated caves.
Shelters were usually in circular or oval forms constructed from light branches or
animal bones covered with turf or animal skin.
Cave paintings
The painters worked by the light of lamp fueled with animal fat. They placed
natural pigments in their mouths, diluting it with saliva, and sprayed it on the
wall using the curves of their hand as stencil (Negative and Positive imprints).
Natural pigments were ocher for red and manganese dioxide for black.
Naturalistic/Descriptive style of painting
20,000 BP
First Domestication of Animals (wolves)
1. Plan of caves at Lascaux, Montignac, Dordogne, France, 15,000-10,000
BCE ("Before the Common Era")
2. Caves at Peche-Merle, Cabrerets, France, 15,000-13,000 BCE
3. Reconstruction drawing of mammoth-bone house from Ukraine, c. 16,000-
10,000 BCE
NEOLITHIC AGE (8000-3000 BCE)
New Stone Age, c. 8000-3000 BCE in Near East (The Fertile Crescent),
4000-1500 BCE in Spain and Northern Europe
10,000 BP
First Villages and Settlements
4. Ain Ghazal, Jordan, c. 7200-5000 BCE
5. Figure of a man, Ain Ghazal, Jordan, c. 7000 BCE
6. Çatal Hüyük, present-day Turkey, c. 6500-5500 BCE
7. Stonehenge, Salisbury Plains, Wiltshire, England, c. 2750-1500 BCE
(BELONGS IN NEXT LECTURE)
6,000 BP
First Sculptural Investigations
8. Figures of a man and a woman from Cernavoda, Romania, c. 4000-3500
BCE
Sculpture & ceramics
Figures were carved from a piece of mammoth, ivory, limestone or bone with the
help of tools made out of sharpened bone and stone. Abstract sculptures (did not
aim for naturalism). Besides working in stone, Neolithic artists also used clay.
The potter's wheel appeared in the ancient Near East about 3250 BCE and in
China about 3000 BCE, giving rise to the art of baked clay-ware, ceramics and
pottery. This art required a different kind of conceptual leap. In the sculpture of
Paleolithic age, artists created their work out of an existing substance, such as
stone, bone or wood. To work with clay meant that there was no pre-existing
form that could guide the artist's conception. Abstract/Decorative style.
4000 BP
Second Domestication of Animals)
9. Horse and Sun Chariot, Denmark, 1800-1600 BCE
How & Why did cave people make houses, tombs & temples?
• Materials
• Tools
• Domestication of animals
Food Flexibility
• Barter Trading
• Cooperative system of life
2
LECTURE 1.3: FOCUS QUESTION
What are main differences in palaces & funerary complexes?
BP: "years Before the Present"
• 40,000 -BP (First Migration)
• 20,000 BP (First Domestication of Animals)
1. Plan of caves at Lascaux, Montignac, Dordogne, France, 15,000-10,000
BCE ("Before the Common Era")
2. Caves at Peche-Merle, Cabrerets, France, 15,000-13,000 BCE
3. Reconstruction drawing of mammoth-bone house from Ukraine, c. 16,000-
10,000 BCE
• 10,000 BP (First Villages and Settlements)
4. Ain Ghazal, Jordan, c. 7200-5000 BCE
5. Figure of a man, Ain Ghazal, Jordan, c. 7000 BCE
6. Çatal Hüyük, present-day Turkey, c. 6500-5500 BCE
7. Stonehenge, Salisbury Plains, Wiltshire, England, c. 2750-1500 BCE
• 6,000 BP (First Sculptural Investigations)
8. Figures of a man and a woman from Cernavoda, Romania, c. 4000-3500
BCE
4000 BP (Second Domestication of Animals)
9. Horse and Sun Chariot, Denmark, 1800-1600 BCE
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