Drugs in Our Society

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Learning Portfolio 1 357 LEARNING PORTFOLIO Discussion Questions Key Terms adulterated 341 anorexiants 322 behavioral stereotypy 322 binge 327 caffeinism 352 cocaine babies 348 crack 343 343 freebasing high hyperpyrexia 327 327 they differ? 1. How are methamphetamine and Ecstasy similar, and how do 2. Should children be taken from mothers who are addicted to methamphetamine or cocaine? 3. What have past experiences taught us about cocaine? Do you think we have finally learned our lesson concerning this drug? 4. If clinical trials demonstrate that MDMA is effective in the treat- ment of stress and anxiety, should the FDA approve its use by prescription? What would be the effect on recreational MDMA use by young people if the FDA approved MDMA for treating PTSD? 5. Why does the method of cocaine administration make a dif- ference in how a user is affected by this drug? Use examples to substantiate your conclusions. 6. Why do people smoke cocaine, and what are the major toxici- ties caused by the use of high doses of this stimulant? 7. How is cocaine dependence treated? What are the rationales for the treatments? 8. How does caffeine compare with cocaine and amphetamine as a CNS stimulant? 9. Because of caffeine's potential for abuse, do you think the FDA should control it more tightly? Defend your answer. 10. Do you feel that herbal stimulants, such as ephedra, should have been removed from OTC products? 11. How do global efforts to address stimulant abuse problems affect the people and policies in the United States? 12. Why is it disturbing to have so many NPSs becoming globally available? ice 327 323 narcolepsy performance enhancers 335 precursor chemicals 325 run 327 rush 327 speed 324 331 speedballs tweaking 327 uppers 321 xanthines 349 Summary conmartints re 380 Chapter 11 I TOBACCO LEARNING PORTFOLIO Key Terms chewing tobacco 375 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) 376 nicotine 372 secondhand smoke 375 Discussion Questions 1. If smoking is the most preventable cause of disease and pre- mature death in the United States, why do people continue to smoke? 2. How effective are the health warning labels on cigarette packages? 3. List and define the diseases that cigarette smokers are most likely to contract. 4. What effects does maternal smoking have on the fetus? 5. Why is smokeless tobacco perceived as safer than other forms of tobacco? 6. Who is most likely to smoke and why? 7. Why do people who smoke become dependent on tobacco? 8. Assess the major methods for quitting smoking. Which meth- ods are most likely to succeed? 9. Do you think smokers should have the right to smoke in public places? Explain. snuff 375 372 snuff dipping tobacco chewing 372 Summary 1. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance. 2. Approximately 25.2% of the U.S. population age 12 or older reports current use of a tobacco product. 3. Nicotine is the substance in tobacco that causes dependence. This drug initially stimulates and then depresses the central nervous system. 4. The amount of tobacco absorbed varies according to five factors: (a) the exact composition of the tobacco being used, (b) how densely the tobacco is packed in the cigarette and the length of the cigarette smoked, (c) whether a filter is used and the charac- teristics of the filter, (d) the volume of the smoke inhaled, and (e) the number of cigarettes smoked throughout the day. 5. Cigarette smoking is an addiction that is costly in several ways. For instance, each year approximately 480,000 deaths in the United States are attributed Learning Portfolio I 409 LEARNING PORTFOLIO Discussion Questions Key Terms analogs 403 catatonia 404 entactogen 399 390 ergotism flashbacks 388 384 402 396 hallucinogens jimsonweed mydriasis psychedelics psychotogenics psychotomimetics synesthesia 384 1. Why were substances with hallucinogenic properties used by ancient religions and cults? 2. Would you expect natural hallucinogens such as peyote to have fewer adverse effects than other hallucinogens? Why or why not? 3. Why would a drug with both stimulant and hallucinogenic effects have peculiar abuse potential, especially to young people? 4. Why do some users find psychedelic experiences terrifying, whereas others find them desirable? 5. Do you think the federal government is justified in covering up information about the benefits of hallucinogens to convince people to stop using these drugs? Defend your answer. 6. How do the side effects of LSD compare with those of the CNS stimulants, especially with regards to addiction? 7. Why has MDMA been so popular, especially among young people? 8. Do you think scientists should research psychedelic drugs such as LSD and MDMA to determine if they have medicinal value? What are the advantages and disadvantages of doing this, and what role should the FDA play? 9. Why is PCP more dangerous than LSD? 10. How do PCP and ketamine compare? 11. Should severe depression be treated with ketamine? 12. What is the best way to convince people that hallucinogenic drugs of abuse can be harmful? 13. What is a flashback, and how is it caused? 14. Should Salvia divinorum be more tightly controlled by the fed- eral government? 387 385 388 Learning Portfolio 1 457 LEARNING PORTFOLIO Key Terms 451 443 altered perceptions amotivational syndrome aphrodisiac Cannabis indica 453 420 Cannabis sativa 420 differential association 440 442 drugged driving drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) glaucoma 434 446 hashish 434 435 marijuana wax Marinol 446 medical marijuana 444 munchies 451 Discussion Questions 1. What are the sociological and psychological reasons why the the illegality of usage? very young continue to use marijuana at alarming rates despite 2. Do you believe that prosecution for marijuana where marijuana Explain. is prohibited should be more or less rigid than it currently is? 3. Debate whether marijuana use adversely affects driving capabilities. 4. Either directly interview or imagine interviews with several users and nonusers of marijuana. How do you think they would answer the question of whether their critical-thinking skills are adversely affected by this drug? 5. Among marijuana users, do you believe that the amotivational syndrome exists as a syndrome? Interview several users and try to either add to the characteristics of this syndrome from your interviews or modify the syndrome as discussed in this chapter. 6. In light of the information in “Holding the Line," do you believe the sale of marijuana for medical and/or for recre- ational purposes will ever be completely legalized at the state and federal levels in all 50 states? Why or why not for medical purposes, and why or why not for recreational purposes? 7. What is your reaction to legalizing marijuana as a controlled substance? Give reasons either for or against legalization. 8. Do you believe consistent use of marijuana changes the user's personality? If so, how? 9. Summarize how marijuana affects the brain, CNS, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and sexual performance and reproduction. 10. Debate how much family upbringing and attachment to a religion affect later drug use. 11. From reading this chapter, try to explain why most heroin users have used marijuana, whereas the vast majority of marijuana users never advance to such highly addictive drugs. 12. Explain how a user of cannabis might develop psychological dependence. 13. Do you believe that use of marijuana is more or less harm- ful than use of tobacco products? Should they be regulated differently? 14. Why do you think that in 2014 youth marijuana attitudes were more accepting of marijuana use and that perceived risk of regular marijuana use declined in all three grades (8th, 10th, and 12th) (Johnston et al. 2015)? set and setting 438 sinsemilla 433 438 subjective euphoric effects synthetic marijuana 435
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Running head: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS PAGE 409
Topic: Discussion Questions Page 409
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Discussion Questions Page 409

2
Question One

Hallucinogenic substances applied with individuals from different cultures aimed at
gaining spiritual insights. According to Brezina, (2017), the drugs made them hallucinate thus
handling the uncertainties that impacted their daily affairs. The hallucinations allowed the
ancient people engage their deities to gain understanding of their concerns including death, birth
and illnesses.
Hallucinogens act the same on human beings whether they occur naturally or
developed in the laboratory. According to Brezina, (2017), the drugs cause psychological
impacts on the lives of individuals including seizures, heart attack and blood pressure. The
impact of hallucinogens varies from one person to another unlike contemporary drugs.
Most youths prefer drugs that make them exclusively “high” which drugs that show a
combination of stimulant and hallucinogen capability have on its people. Drugs with a double
effect makes the youths feel relatively impacted.
The drugs impact senses of a person and they make a person behave differently or
experience things uniquely. The impact of the drugs vary from individual to the other since they
could get intense in given people and mild in others.
Recent developments indicate the benefits of the drugs that the federal government
termed illegal. The government ought to conceal the benefits from the people and uphold the
illegal use of the drugs to prevent people against misusing them.

Discussion Questions Page 409

3

Stimulants causes a low release of dopamine of the brain thus its long term impact to a
person are relatively low. According to Brezina, (2017), on the other hand, LSD creates high
release of dopamine into the blood stream that makes a person not want to live without the drug.
The use of MDMA became popular amongst the youth because they are readily availed
through chemists. The drugs get acquired from the counters with no prescription like shop,
pharmacy and neighbors. People mix different drugs unknowingly because they think it makes
them feel good.
Question Eight
Scientists ought to focus on the whether LSD and MDMA have medicinal values
because it would help treat diseases like cancers. The benefit of conducting the research allows
their medicinal values get determined. The disadvantage of the research on the drugs is that
people might misuse the drugs in the name of treating their conditions. FDA has a role to legalize
or illegalize their usage.
PCP could damage one’s brain, make them wild and lose their motor coordination.
PCP might make a person get into coma and die because of skeletal issues. LSD on the other
hand makes a person suffer several problems but less or no impact on the brain both in the long
term and short term and LSD is considered non-toxic to a person.
PCP and ketamine get applied as selective NMDA receptor antagonists and testing for
new antispychotics. The two drugs operate and impact the lives of a person in the same manner.
The impacts of the drugs on human beings are the same.

Discussion Questions Page 409

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Research indicates that ketamine could treat depression amongst patients. Holland,
(2013) explained that ketamine has a huge antidepressant potential and its effects are relatively
robust and rapid on the patient. However, there are few issues raised that prevent the drug from
formally getting applied for treatment. The effectiveness of the drug isn’t successful because
many trials haven’t gotten confirmed.
People ought to get educated that hallucinogenic drugs could get suicidal or the person
could get violent. Holland, (2013) explained that the people ought to understand that they could
not g...


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