Santa Monica College Hydrogenous Sediment Discussion

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Santa Monica College

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f. You have seen the difference in composition between the southern California sand and the Hawaii sand. Both of these sands are lithogenous. Why is there such a big difference in composition? What types of rocks must have eroded to form Santa Monica's beach sand versus Hawaii's beach sand? X 3. Oolites a. Look at the oolites in the picture above and describe what you see. b. Describe how oolites form and how they get their spherical shape. (Refer to the description given several pages back.) c. What type of sediment is this? (Circle one): lithogenous / biogenous hydrogenous 4. Evaporite This is one of two common types of evaporite sediment. Notice the cubic shape of the grains under the microscope. If you were to taste these (not required!), it would taste very familiar. 13 sec As wil in 10Image of a hole dug into the sand which shows dark layers of magnetite rich sand. Layers have been highlighted in RED (layers are above the red marks) f. Based on what we talked about for the density of continental crust (quartz rich) versus oceanic given amount)? crust (rich in iron) which mineral- magnetite or quartz- (circle one) is denser (heavier for a g. You will usually find more magnetite-rich sand on the beach in winter than in summer. Why do you suppose this is so? (Take your best guess and remember that waves are DIFFERENT in summer vs. winter- we typically get our big storms in winter) 115 mm a. What type of sediment is this? (Circle one): lithogenous /biogenous/hydrogenous b. What is the specific name of this evaporite, and how does it form? 16 S A OF r if EUnited States Mexico > MAY Pacific Ocean Canada LO Peru VENDRES Bolivia Chile Atlantic Ocean F- Brazil Paroquay Argentina 3* 2019 Copyright © Ontheworldman.com Figure 6: Map of the world enland P ACIDS AND BASES Topa mer Senegal Se Se Pute tanlo Alueria Atlantic Ocean Niger Nigeria Arctic Ocean Esbya Egyar Chud Angola SMA Ad ker Zamiq Southern Ocean Sudan Saudi South Ethiopla Sudan Arabia penyo 1 Burundi 7. Malow J. Rwanda 4 Armenia 5. Azerbajon 6 Bahrain 7 Qutar & Albonia 9 Andors thin Tom A Seychelles Russio 13 Corch Republic 14 Vatican City S 15. Kosovo 16 Lichtenstein 17. ur 18 Moder India V L 10 Belgrum 13. Montegre 11 Bosnia and Herzegov 20 leth Mocedon 12 Crontie ZL Netherlands Indian Ocean China 22. Son Me 21 Serbia 24. Slovents 25. Switzerland 26 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Indonesia 22. The Aleutian Islands, Alaska? (Circle one) Saltier/ Fresher 23. Antarctica (Circle one) Saltier/ Fresher Australia World Map R Pacific Ocean New Zealand Circle whether the area of the world described would be saltier or fresher than the average ocean value. 19. Gulf of Mexico? (Circle one) Saltier/ Fresher 20. Mediterranean Sea? (Circle one) Saltier/ Fresher 1000 Mies 21. Brazil, right where the Amazon River empties into the Atlantic (Circle one) Saltier/ Fresher 2000 Pacific Ocean In water, there is also a small amount of dissociation of the water molecules as the water constantly dissociates and reforms. This is written like this: H2O H+ + OH- Mantand NAZCA190030 An acid is a substance which releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water (H+). The higher the concentration of H*, the more acidic a substance. A base is a substance which releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water (OH-). A solution which releases a lot of OH- is said to be basic or alkaline.Depth (m) In pure water, there will be an equal amount of both the hydrogen and hydroxide ions in the solution, making the solution neutral. When substance dissolve in water, they can make the solution acidic of basic depending on whether they cause the release of H* or OH. Pure water has a pH of 7 (neutral). If a glass of pure water is allowed to sit out and come into equilibrium with the atmosphere, it will have a pH around 5, or will be slightly acidic as the CO₂ in the atmosphere will cause the release of H* in the water, making it slightly acidic. Seawater has a pH of 8.1 (ranges from 8.0-8.3) due to the dissolved substances in the water release hydroxide and making it slightly basic. As you go deeper into the ocean, the pH of seawater decreases (becomes more acidic) because of the respiration of organisms (which release CO2 into the water, there is no sunlight at depth and so no photosynthesis to use up that CO₂). 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 24. Using figure 7 (below), where is pH the lowest in the ocean? 7.6 7.8 pH Low-pH layer is caused by marine animal respiration. 8.0 8.2 Surface pH = 8.1, which is slightly alkaline. Below the low-pH layer, pH gradually increases with depth. Figure 7: pH on the x-axis versus depth on the y axis in the ocean. T D -
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Geology

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Geology
3 a. The oolites seen in the picture are composed of a cluster of ooids that are spherical in shape
with an egg-like appearance clumped t...


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