Description
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Depth (m)
In pure water, there will be an equal amount of both the hydrogen and hydroxide ions in
the solution, making the solution neutral.
When substance dissolve in water, they can make the solution acidic of basic
depending on whether they cause the release of H* or OH. Pure water has a pH of 7
(neutral). If a glass of pure water is allowed to sit out and come into equilibrium with the
atmosphere, it will have a pH around 5, or will be slightly acidic as the CO₂ in the
atmosphere will cause the release of H* in the water, making it slightly acidic.
Seawater has a pH of 8.1 (ranges from 8.0-8.3) due to the dissolved substances in the
water release hydroxide and making it slightly basic. As you go deeper into the ocean,
the pH of seawater decreases (becomes more acidic) because of the respiration of
organisms (which release CO2 into the water, there is no sunlight at depth and so no
photosynthesis to use up that CO₂).
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
24. Using figure 7 (below), where is pH the lowest in the ocean?
7.6
7.8
pH
Low-pH layer is
caused by marine
animal respiration.
8.0
8.2
Surface pH = 8.1,
which is slightly
alkaline.
Below the low-pH
layer, pH gradually
increases with depth.
Figure 7: pH on the x-axis versus
depth on the y axis in the ocean.
T
D
-United States
Mexico
>
MAY
Pacific Ocean
Canada
LO
Peru
VENDRES
Bolivia
Chile
Atlantic Ocean
F-
Brazil
Papequay
Argentina
3*
2019 Copyright © Ontheworldman.com
Figure 6: Map of the world
enland
P
ACIDS AND BASES
Topa mer
Senegal
Se Se
Pute
tanlo
Alueria
Atlantic Ocean
Niger
Nigeria
Arctic Ocean
Esbya Egyar
Chud
Angola
SMA
Ad
ker
Zamiq
Southern Ocean
Sudan
Saudi
South Ethiopla
Sudan
Arabia
penyo
1 Burundi
7. Malow
J. Rwanda
4 Armenia
5. Azerbajon
6 Bahrain
7 Qutar
& Albania
9 Andors
thin
Tom A
Seychelles
Russio
13 Corch Republic
14 Vatican City
S
15. Kosovo
16 Lichtenstein
17. ur
18 Moder
India
V L
10 Belgrum
13. Montegre
11 Bosnia and Herzega 20 leth Movedos
12 Crontie
ZL Netherlands
China
Indian Ocean
22. Son Me
21 Serbia
24. Slovents
25. Switzerland
26 Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
Indonesia
22. The Aleutian Islands, Alaska? (Circle one) Saltier/ Fresher
23. Antarctica (Circle one) Saltier/ Fresher
Australia
World Map
R
Pacific Ocean
New Zealand
Circle whether the area of the world described would be saltier or fresher than the
average ocean value.
19. Gulf of Mexico? (Circle one) Saltier/ Fresher
20. Mediterranean Sea? (Circle one) Saltier/ Fresher
1000
Mies
21. Brazil, right where the Amazon River empties into the Atlantic (Circle one)
Saltier/ Fresher
2000
Pacific Ocean
In water, there is also a small amount of dissociation of the water molecules as the
water constantly dissociates and reforms. This is written like this:
H2O H+ + OH-
Mantand
NAZCA190030
An acid is a substance which releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water (H+). The
higher the concentration of H*, the more acidic a substance. A base is a substance
which releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water (OH-). A solution which releases
a lot of OH- is said to be basic or alkaline.
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Define the following terms:
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Capella University Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lab Application Question
Define the following terms:
Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration) (2 points)- This is the aerobic process of how cells are able to transform energy that is contained in sugar molecules into chemical energy. This chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP. The 3 steps of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain are what Cellular Respiration is made of.
Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) (2 points)- This is an anaerobic respiration process where the pyruvate formed in glycolysis is into ethanol or lactate. If you compare fermentation to cellular respiration, this process is a little bit less efficient for the production of energy. Fermentation is however, useful as it enables cells to replace NAD+ and FAD+. This also will allow the glycolysis process to continue when a cell doesn’t have enough oxygen.
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Krebs cycle-This takes places in the Mitochondria of an aerobic cell. This is where the pyruvate is reduced into carbon dioxide. When the pyruvate is reduced, this causes 2 molecules of ATP to be released.
Oxidative phosphorylation- This take place in the Mitochondria In aerobic conditions, NADH and FADH2 created in the glycolysis and krebs cycle are restored by limiting the oxygen to water.
What is the primary energy molecule in cells? (5 points)- The primary energy molecule in cells is Adenosine Triphosphate. It sores energy that is released through the cellular respiration process. ATP is released when a cell requires energy to perform another metabolic function.
List the equation in word and chemical form for each of the following processes: (6 points)
Does glycolysis require the presence of oxygen? Please explain your answer. (5 points)- No, glycolysis doesn’t require the presence of oxygen. All cells have the capacity to continue the glycolysis process and use alternative methods for NAD+ and FAD+. The regeneration process for these specific molecules via oxidative phosphorylation as well as the krebs cycle and more efficient than without the presence of oxygen (fermentation)
Why was phenol red used as an indicator of cellular respiration? (5 points)-The phenol red was used to observe and monitor carbon dioxide that was released during the lab. The carbon dioxide in this case was mildly acid and the phenol red changed colors from red to yellow showing that carbon dioxide was produced.
How did exercise affect the rate of cellular respiration? (Hint: Review the time it took for the solution to change with and without exercise). (5 points)- This exercise increased the rate of cellular respiration. The phenol red took minimal time to change its color from red to yellow when applying air at an almost equal rate. After performing this exercise, there was a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. This was due to there was a larger amount of carbon dioxide released by a quicker cellular respiration.
What color was the phenol red solution for each tube after 4 hours elapsed? (8 points)
Control- This control remained red. This indicated that there was no carbon dioxide
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Germinating peas- The phenol red changed colors from red to yellow. This indicated a large amount of carbon dioxide
Boiled peas-The phenol red didn’t seem to change colors. This indicated that any formation of carbon dioxide was minimal
Compare cellular respiration in the dried, germinating, and boiled peas. Explain why some peas in the experiment produced carbon dioxide (CO2) while other peas did not. (5 points)- The germinated peas were the only item capable of cellular respiration.When testing the dried peas and the boiled peas, there was no change to the phenol red that would indicate any concentration of carbon dioxide.
What is the advantage of cellular respiration? (5 points)- The advantage of cellular respiration is that is produces a large amount of energy. Cellular respiration strengthens energy production longer than glycolysis or fermentation. Cellular Respiration produces ATP that can also be used in other chemical reactions within a cell. Other processes such as fermentation for example are not as efficient to producing energy.
The balloons were sealed in this procedure. What is the name for the energy conversion process that occurs in the absence of oxygen? (2 points)- Alcohol Fermentation
What is the advantage of this process? (2 points)- It allows yeast to recharge NAD+ and FAD+ and allow glycolysis to continue. This allows for the continual synthesis of ATP
What type of gas is produced by yeast under anaerobic conditions? (2 points)- Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide
What was the final volume of each balloon after 120 minutes? (6 points)
4.187 x 4.13 = 288 cm3
4.187 x 2.53 = 65 cm3
4.187 x 2.83 = 92 cm3
4.187 x 3.93 = 248 cm3
4.187 x 3.63 = 194 cm3
4.187 x 3.53 = 180 cm3
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Based on the results, what was the worst source of energy (e.g., food) for the yeast? (3 points)- The combination of salt and sugar was the worst energy source
What factors (ingredients) negatively affected the growth of yeast? (3 points)- The sugar and lemon juice both negatively effected the yeast. The volume after the fermentation reduced when sugar was used and then when either the salt or lemon juice with added with the sugar.
What is the name for the type of fermentation that yeast use? (3 points)- Alcoholic Fermentation.
List two commercial uses of fermentation. (2 points)
(Application) How might the information gained from this lab pertaining to cellular respiration and fermentation be useful to you as a healthcare professional? (20 points)
Cellular respiration- C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 38ADP + 38Pi ? 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP- This is where a molecule of glucose is oxidized by 6 oxygen molecules. It is then transformed into 6 carbon dioxide molecules as well as 6 molecules of water. The energy is released and stored as ATP
Alcoholic fermentation- C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi ? 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP- This is where a molecule of glucose is oxidized into 2 molecules of ethanol and also 2 molecules of carbon dioxide. During this fermentation, the energy that is released is stored into the form of ATP
Lactic acid fermentation- C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi ? 2CH3CHOHCOOH + 2ATP-This is where a molecule of glucose is oxidized into 2 molecules of lactic acid. During this fermentation, the energy that is released is stored into the form of ATP.
Review the results from the Rate of Cellular Respiration and Exercise procedure of the lab (Part I) to answer the following questions.
Review the results from the Cellular Respiration in Peas procedure of the lab (Part II) to answer the following questions.
Review the results from the Fermentation procedure of the lab (Part III) to answer the following questions.
a. Making alcoholic beverages such as beer or wine
b. Making yogurt
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pages, which must be included. Your paper must follow the CSU-Global Guide to Writing & APA (Links to an external site.).
In the Symptoms section, describe the public health issue that you
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module 5 CT 1).In the Diagnosis section, discuss the causes of the issue, and give
examples of other communities that have suffered the same problem. How
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articles. You may use readings other than the textbook to meet this
requirement. The paper should be based on references to scholarly
materials (rather than on introductory textbooks, popular website
writings, or musings, for example) and should support your claims with
evidence.Incorporate into this final plan any classmates’ critiques that you found useful as well as your instructor’s feedback.The key community members or partners that you plan on contacting,
with an explanation why these individuals or organizations make sense as
potential partners. This could include partners from your list of
potential partners created in week 4 Critical Thinking Assignment Option
#1, or your interview of one key partner completed in week 4 Critical
Thinking Option #2. Incorporate them into a discussion of your plan, do
not just list them.A special emphasis on either the demographics of the affected
population or the economic implications, depending on what Critical
Thinking assignment you completed for week 5.A realistic timeline for your plan. Discuss the time needed for
campaigning, education, funding, building, and implementation. Use ideas
created during week 6 Critical Thinking Assignments, either the option
for annotated bibliography or that for the brainstorming draft feedback.The paper shall comply with the requirements defined within the CSU-Global APA guidelines.Refer to the Portfolio Project rubric for grading criteria.Final Instructions for Slide Presentation:The slide presentation describes the problem in your community and your action plan.Your presentation must be 8-10 slides in length not counting the title and reference slides.Your presentation must be supported by at least two scholarly articles.You may use a Web-based slide presentation software such as Prezi,
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include the URL to your presentation in a Word document and upload with
your presentation.The audience for this presentation will be community members or
organizations you wish to educate about the public health issue and your
proposed plan.The purpose of this slide presentation is to educate the audience
about the issue. Keep in mind that in real life you will have limited
time to convince people of the gravity of the situation and to come on
board with their support, so you want to be persuasive and get to the
key points quickly and effectively.Note: Be sure to submit both your written report and
your slide presentation for this assignment. Both files should be
uploaded in a single submission to the assignment submission page.The paper and preliminary deliverables must be well written and formatted in conformity with the CSU-Global Guide to Writing & APA (Links to an external site.).Review the Sample PowerPoint Presentation (linked at the bottom of the page) in the CSU-Global Library as well.Option #2: The Community Action Plan: Written Report and Handout
Your Portfolio Project for this class is a Community Action Plan designed to alleviate or correct a public health issue in your community. Your community can be your business, school, neighborhood, town or city of residence or birth, or county. For option 2, your Community Action Plan will be a professional portfolio that includes a written report and a handout. Below is a useful site where you can find an example of the elements of an action plan.http://www.cityofchicago.org/dam/city/depts/cdph/tobacco_alchohol_and_drug_abuse/LGBTCommunityActionPlanHC.pdf
(Links to an external site.)Preliminary Deliverables: These deliverables must be submitted in the assigned week:
Week 2: Written Response and Project Selection (20 points):
Provide a brief one-paragraph response indicating which assignment
option and public health issue you have selected and why. This will help
your instructor to be aware of your plans and support you with
development of this project. Upload your response as a Word document.
Week 7: Preliminary Written Report and Peer Review Feedback (30 points) Submit
a preliminary (rough) draft of the written portion of your portfolio
project as well as proof of peer review. Remember to include the
following sections: introduction, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, cure
and summary. Peer review feedback is also included in this assignment.
Create a post that includes your written report as an attachment using
the Portfolio Project Milestone discussion forum for peer review
feedback. Provide feedback to at least one of your classmates. Choose a
classmate with no other feedback first, to ensure that everyone receives
some feedback from their peers. In this preliminary draft submission,
indicate which project you responded to.Final Paper Instructions: Your case study should have four sections: Symptoms, Diagnosis,
Cure, and Prevention. Each section should be about a page in length.
Your entire paper must be 4-5 pages in length, not counting the title or
reference pages, which must be included. Your paper must follow the CSU-Global Guide to Writing & APA (Links to an external site.)
In the Symptoms section, describe the public health issue that you
have observed in your community. What “symptoms” does it exhibit? Think
about whom it affects, where it affects them, and how (Refer back to
Module 5, CT 1).In the Diagnosis section, discuss the causes of the issue and give
examples of other communities that have suffered the same problem. How
did those communities solve or attempt to address the issue?In the Cure section, discuss possible options for a cure for this
public health issue. How can you eradicate it or reduce its occurrence
in your community?In the Prevention section, discuss possible options for prevention
of the public health issue that you have selected. How can you reduce
the chance of people being impacted by your issue in the future?
You must back up your sections using at least two scholarly
articles. You may use readings other than the textbook to meet this
requirement. The paper should be based on references to scholarly
materials (rather than on introductory textbooks, popular website
writings, or musings, for example) and should support your claims with
evidence.Incorporate into this final plan any classmates’ critiques that you
found useful, as well as your instructor’s feedback. Identify the key
community members or partners that you plan on contacting, with an
explanation why these individuals or organizations make sense as
potential partners. This could include partners from your list of
potential partners created in Week 4 Critical Thinking Assignment Option
#1 or your interview of one key partner completed in Week 4 Critical
Thinking Option #2. Incorporate them into a discussion of your plan; do
not just list them.Your case study should include a special emphasis on either the
demographics of the affected population or the economic implications,
depending on what Critical Thinking assignment you completed for Week 5.You should also include a realistic timeline for your plan. Discuss
the time needed for campaigning, education, funding, building, and
implementation. Use ideas developed through Week 6 Critical Thinking
Assignments, from either the annotated bibliography or the feedback on
your detailed outline.Final Instructions for the Handout:The handout that you will distribute to audience members describes the problem in your community and your action plan.You may design this as an outline of your presentation or as a
brochure, with highlighted key points, to accompany your presentation.The purpose of this handout is twofold: to educate the audience
about the issue and to help them follow along as you speak. Keep in mind
that, in real life, you will have limited time to convince people of
the gravity of the situation and to come on board with their support. As
such, you want to be persuasive and get to the key points quickly and
effectively.Your handout must be supported by at least two scholarly articles.You may use the readings other than the textbook for this course.Note: Be sure to submit both your written report and
your handout for this assignment. Both files should be uploaded in a
single submission to the assignment submission page.The paper and preliminary deliverables must be well written and formatted in conformity with the CSU-Global Guide to Writing & APA (Links to an external site.).
Capella University Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lab Application Question
Define the following terms:
Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration) (2 points)- This is the aerobic proce ...
Capella University Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lab Application Question
Define the following terms:
Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration) (2 points)- This is the aerobic process of how cells are able to transform energy that is contained in sugar molecules into chemical energy. This chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP. The 3 steps of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain are what Cellular Respiration is made of.
Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) (2 points)- This is an anaerobic respiration process where the pyruvate formed in glycolysis is into ethanol or lactate. If you compare fermentation to cellular respiration, this process is a little bit less efficient for the production of energy. Fermentation is however, useful as it enables cells to replace NAD+ and FAD+. This also will allow the glycolysis process to continue when a cell doesn’t have enough oxygen.
Summarize what occurs during the three steps of cellular respiration and indicate where each process takes place in the cell. (6 points)
Glycolysis- This happens in the cytoplasm of all living cells. This occurs when the glucose is reduced into 2 molecules of pyruvate and releases 2 molecules of ATP.
Krebs cycle-This takes places in the Mitochondria of an aerobic cell. This is where the pyruvate is reduced into carbon dioxide. When the pyruvate is reduced, this causes 2 molecules of ATP to be released.
Oxidative phosphorylation- This take place in the Mitochondria In aerobic conditions, NADH and FADH2 created in the glycolysis and krebs cycle are restored by limiting the oxygen to water.
What is the primary energy molecule in cells? (5 points)- The primary energy molecule in cells is Adenosine Triphosphate. It sores energy that is released through the cellular respiration process. ATP is released when a cell requires energy to perform another metabolic function.
List the equation in word and chemical form for each of the following processes: (6 points)
Does glycolysis require the presence of oxygen? Please explain your answer. (5 points)- No, glycolysis doesn’t require the presence of oxygen. All cells have the capacity to continue the glycolysis process and use alternative methods for NAD+ and FAD+. The regeneration process for these specific molecules via oxidative phosphorylation as well as the krebs cycle and more efficient than without the presence of oxygen (fermentation)
Why was phenol red used as an indicator of cellular respiration? (5 points)-The phenol red was used to observe and monitor carbon dioxide that was released during the lab. The carbon dioxide in this case was mildly acid and the phenol red changed colors from red to yellow showing that carbon dioxide was produced.
How did exercise affect the rate of cellular respiration? (Hint: Review the time it took for the solution to change with and without exercise). (5 points)- This exercise increased the rate of cellular respiration. The phenol red took minimal time to change its color from red to yellow when applying air at an almost equal rate. After performing this exercise, there was a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. This was due to there was a larger amount of carbon dioxide released by a quicker cellular respiration.
What color was the phenol red solution for each tube after 4 hours elapsed? (8 points)
Control- This control remained red. This indicated that there was no carbon dioxide
Dried peas- The dried peas remained red. This indicated that any formation of carbon dioxide minimal
Germinating peas- The phenol red changed colors from red to yellow. This indicated a large amount of carbon dioxide
Boiled peas-The phenol red didn’t seem to change colors. This indicated that any formation of carbon dioxide was minimal
Compare cellular respiration in the dried, germinating, and boiled peas. Explain why some peas in the experiment produced carbon dioxide (CO2) while other peas did not. (5 points)- The germinated peas were the only item capable of cellular respiration.When testing the dried peas and the boiled peas, there was no change to the phenol red that would indicate any concentration of carbon dioxide.
What is the advantage of cellular respiration? (5 points)- The advantage of cellular respiration is that is produces a large amount of energy. Cellular respiration strengthens energy production longer than glycolysis or fermentation. Cellular Respiration produces ATP that can also be used in other chemical reactions within a cell. Other processes such as fermentation for example are not as efficient to producing energy.
The balloons were sealed in this procedure. What is the name for the energy conversion process that occurs in the absence of oxygen? (2 points)- Alcohol Fermentation
What is the advantage of this process? (2 points)- It allows yeast to recharge NAD+ and FAD+ and allow glycolysis to continue. This allows for the continual synthesis of ATP
What type of gas is produced by yeast under anaerobic conditions? (2 points)- Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide
What was the final volume of each balloon after 120 minutes? (6 points)
4.187 x 4.13 = 288 cm3
4.187 x 2.53 = 65 cm3
4.187 x 2.83 = 92 cm3
4.187 x 3.93 = 248 cm3
4.187 x 3.63 = 194 cm3
4.187 x 3.53 = 180 cm3
Based on the results, what was the best source of energy (e.g., food) for the yeast? (3 points)- Sugar was the best energy source
Based on the results, what was the worst source of energy (e.g., food) for the yeast? (3 points)- The combination of salt and sugar was the worst energy source
What factors (ingredients) negatively affected the growth of yeast? (3 points)- The sugar and lemon juice both negatively effected the yeast. The volume after the fermentation reduced when sugar was used and then when either the salt or lemon juice with added with the sugar.
What is the name for the type of fermentation that yeast use? (3 points)- Alcoholic Fermentation.
List two commercial uses of fermentation. (2 points)
(Application) How might the information gained from this lab pertaining to cellular respiration and fermentation be useful to you as a healthcare professional? (20 points)
Cellular respiration- C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 38ADP + 38Pi ? 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP- This is where a molecule of glucose is oxidized by 6 oxygen molecules. It is then transformed into 6 carbon dioxide molecules as well as 6 molecules of water. The energy is released and stored as ATP
Alcoholic fermentation- C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi ? 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP- This is where a molecule of glucose is oxidized into 2 molecules of ethanol and also 2 molecules of carbon dioxide. During this fermentation, the energy that is released is stored into the form of ATP
Lactic acid fermentation- C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi ? 2CH3CHOHCOOH + 2ATP-This is where a molecule of glucose is oxidized into 2 molecules of lactic acid. During this fermentation, the energy that is released is stored into the form of ATP.
Review the results from the Rate of Cellular Respiration and Exercise procedure of the lab (Part I) to answer the following questions.
Review the results from the Cellular Respiration in Peas procedure of the lab (Part II) to answer the following questions.
Review the results from the Fermentation procedure of the lab (Part III) to answer the following questions.
a. Making alcoholic beverages such as beer or wine
b. Making yogurt
APPLICATION QUESTION
(Application) How might the information gained from this lab pertaining to cellular respiration and fermentation be useful to you as a healthcare professional? (20 points)
Harold Washington College State of Environment Questions
1. What are your impressions of the current state of global and environmental public health?2. What are your thoughts (hop ...
Harold Washington College State of Environment Questions
1. What are your impressions of the current state of global and environmental public health?2. What are your thoughts (hopes, concerns, etc) about the future of global and environmental public health?3. What do you plan to do in your life and/or career to advance the debate around the issues covered in this class?
7 pages
Case Study
The serosal cavities penetrated by the first arrow are the pleural cavity known as the visceral pleura, located within the ...
Case Study
The serosal cavities penetrated by the first arrow are the pleural cavity known as the visceral pleura, located within the thoracic cavity both on the ...
the magnetic field in a coil, physics homework help
I need to get help with my physics lab. I need you only to solve the analysis and extensions part.
the magnetic field in a coil, physics homework help
I need to get help with my physics lab. I need you only to solve the analysis and extensions part.
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