2. Draw structures for the following fragrance compounds that were not used in this practical, given their IUPAC names (fragrance description given in square brackets): a) 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-al [lemons] b) methyl butanoate [apple] c) 1,5-diaminopentane [rotting flesh] 3. a) What type of reaction would be required to synthesise the pear fragrance compound? b) Write an equation to describe the synthesis of the pear fragrance compound, showing all reagents and the product. 4. a) The hyacinth and peppermint fragrance compounds each contain an –OH group that is able to be oxidised. Write the chemical reaction representing the oxidation of each of these compounds, clearly indicating the structure of any intermediates and the final product in both cases. [Hint: consult the Information given in Activity 2.2 from your lectures.] b) What new functional group is produced by the oxidation of each of the hyacinth and peppermint fragrance compounds? 5. Write IUPAC names in the spaces provided in Table 5.1 for the hyacinth, lavender, pineapple, rose and vinegar aroma compounds.

Lab Report Instructions:Your report should include at a minimum the following elements:Title of exerciseDescribe in a single sentence the experiment that you carried out; making sure that the title is fully descriptive of the exercise you carried out.Aim/Objectives/HypothesisProvide sufficient background information to orient the reader to the laboratory exercise. Then, describe in a couple of sentences the aim(s) of the experiment. Please don’t restate what you did; however, mention WHY you did it. For example, “This lab was performed to assess the effect of sunlight exposure on tomato plants.” Your hypothesis should be an if/then statement. “If tomato plants are given unlimited sunlight, then we would expect them to grow to taller compared to plants that are only exposed to 12 hours of sunlight per day.” Be sure to carefully consider the variables in your experiment when formulating your hypothesis.MethodsDescribe how you conducted your experiment. The methods section should be a detailed description of the methods you used for investigating your hypothesis (in past tense – you have completed the experiment and so should be written as past tense). It should include a description of any equipment used, the timing of your experiments, the protocol for your experiments, etc. You need to include enough detail that another scientist could replicate your experiments following just the information you provide.ResultsThe results section will include any observations made, data collected, etc. You should both describe the observations, data, etc. in words, and include graphs, photographs, and/or figures to enhance your results section. The narrative part of this section should be brief. Concisely state the experimental results that you obtained. Do not restate the methods used. Start with an overview statement of the general trend in your data and then go into more detail about individual data points, averages, etc. that will present a full picture of your results. You should use the text to describe the patterns, trends, etc. that you observe in your visuals (graphs, figures, etc.) and draw the reader's attention to these trends. It is helpful to clue the reader into the fact that you're discussing one of your figures by using notations such as "As illustrated in Figure 2…." You should NOT discuss whether or not your results support your hypothesis in the results section; save this assessment for the discussion section of your report. For example, here you would report a trend in the growth of tomato plants, but not what those results mean in terms of your hypothesis (sunlight did or did not help the tomato plants grow taller).DiscussionCritically evaluate the results & discuss their significance. The discussion section should begin with a discussion of how/if your results support or reject your hypothesis. Following this sentence, you should discuss the major results of the experiment/investigation and go into more detail about how these results support, reject, or modify your original hypothesis. Present a rational analysis of your results. The idea is not to summarize your results (you should have already done that in the previous results section), but instead consider reasons underlying your results. What do your results tell you? Did the experiment work as planned? If not, explain why not? Pay particular attention to any positive or negative controls that were used! Were the values observed higher or lower than expected? Did any errors occur, or were there inherent problems in the experimental procedure? Discuss the significance of the experiment. Finish this section with conclusions that “wrap up” your report. Are there any remaining questions? Were there new questions raised by your investigation? What might you have done differently if you had the chance to do the experiment again?Proper citations and references should be used throughout.Data ResultsI MADE MY COOKIES USING BROWN SUGAR AND BAKING SODAVARIABLESPREADPUFFCOLORTENDERNESSTASTECONTROL COOKIE1.56556BROWN SUGAR COOKIE1.58878

Imagine that you are a scientist studying species interactions in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Today, you are observing a pride of lions in the southeast quadrant of the park. Two lionesses brought down a large adult wildebeest. The adult females fed for approximately 20 minutes. Their cubs appeared interested in feeding but were largely kept away from the kill by the adult lions. A clan of hyenas drove the lions from the carcasses and fed for approximately 30 minutes. Two male lions drove the hyenas from the carcass, killing a female hyena. The male lions ate most of the kill; vultures fed on remains.1. Species Interactions• Describe the form of species interaction that was observed between members of lion pride and between lions and hyenas.• Explain how this type of interaction may affect the population densities of the two species.2. Competition Between Species• Competition occurs when organisms compete for access to limiting resources. Can you think of resources that are not limiting?3. Selection of Traits• Do you think natural selection has shaped traits in these species that makes them better competitors?• If so, what types of traits might be involved? Explain your reasoning.