Peer Review

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Business Finance

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Overview: For this assignment, due in Module Eight, you will evaluate your classmates’ Milestone Three submissions in a small group peer review. This activity will be submitted in the group discussion forum. In order to access this forum, first, click on the link via the assignment title on the module page to access the group pages. Next, click on your assigned group, and then click into the Group Discussion Board under the Group Tools tab. You will then be able to click into the 8-2 Small Group Peer Review: Milestone Three Submissions forum to participate in this peer review. Your active participation in the course is essential to your overall success this term. Opportunities for peer review and feedback will help you understand how colleagues will interpret communications. This peer review offers you the opportunity to express your own thoughts and gain insight from your classmates’ responses to improve your communication skills in developing appropriate criminal justice policy issue recommendations. For this review, you are to evaluate your classmates’ Milestone Three submissions, the public needs and policy recommendations. Post your Milestone Three submission to the group discussion forum per the instructions above. Provide feedback to two of your classmates’ submissions. To ensure feedback is received evenly among your classmates, review the two posts submitted right after yours (located directly above your initial post). If you are the last student to post, review the first two students’ submissions. Consider the following as you create your peer review: 1. Did your classmate, in your view, correctly identify the public needs that are targeted by the recommendations to the departmental policy? 2. Were your classmate’s assessments accurate regarding how adequately the departmental policy addressed needs? 3. Were the suggestions made for improvement sufficiently comprehensive? 4. Did your classmate sufficiently discuss the potential impacts of the departmental policy recommendations on the public and the relevant branch of the criminal justice system?

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Departmental Policy Recommendation – Final Project CJ 520 CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY HEIDI SMITH Communities where crime is high often accept the higher crime rates and delinquency because of the socioeconomical circumstances such as lower incomes, little supervision, and little access to resources to name a few. The needs of these communities revolve around lowering crime. Because the juvenile delinquency rates are higher in these communities, one need and hope would be to successfully rehabilitate young offenders. The corrections branch of the criminal justice system would be at the center of this need. The communities will also be a central participant in the rehabilitation process helping juveniles become gainfully employed and offering support and encouragement. When juveniles enter the criminal justice system for their first offense, this is the best chance at successful rehabilitation. This is because most juveniles do not commit crimes because they were born bad or have criminal tendencies. There are typically economic constraints placed on their families along with an expectation that they achieve monetary gain by whichever means they can, lawful or taking the avenue of criminal acts. The California Department of Corrections has developed policy and programs aimed at juvenile rehabilitation and reducing recidivism. The department policy looks at all the factors leading to the criminal choices and then works very closely with the young offenders to educate and train them in alternative, lawful means to obtain the things they need and want. Although the departmental policy has good intentions, there are positive changes that can be made to improve the policy to help raise the successful re-entry of juvenile offenders into society. The department of corrections along with social workers, probation officers, families and other community members will need to work together to obtain a better understanding of how the juvenile ended up in the criminal justice system. To achieve this, one aspect of the policy that needs improving is the assessment of the juvenile when they first arrive. 1|Page Upon admission into the corrections facility, the juvenile should be given a survey or questionnaire to self-assess why they think crime was the best choice at the time. They should be observed and interviewed by department staff to help identify factors that may have been overlooked on the survey. Once all the factors including family situations, economic constraints, and level of education to name a few are identified to the best of facilitator’s ability, a treatment plan can be developed specific to that juvenile. People are not all the same, so the treatment plans need to be customized. Included in the treatment plan needs to be what interests the juvenile regarding a longterm career. The training and education the juvenile will receive will incarcerated should be tailored to these interests and local businesses contacted to see if they are willing and able to assist with employment upon release. Longer terms of probation post-release should also be added to treatment plans to ensure the juveniles are solid in their rehabilitation before they are permanently released. Delivery of rehabilitation and long term reduction in recidivism services will improve with customized treatment plans because they have been tailored to address the individual needs of that specific youth. Criminological theories need to be considered when developing treatment plans as these theories help support the most appropriate course to take to in rehabilitation based on the background and history of the juvenile. The Social Disorganization theory supports the positive changes customized rehabilitation will bring to low income and economically stressed communities where crime and delinquency is generally accepted as a way of life. When youth can be trained and criminal paths corrected early, the public benefits from lower crime rates. The Strain Theory suggests that people will take the avenue of criminal acts to achieve monetary gain when doing so through legitimate ways is too much work or takes too long. 2|Page Treatment plans should include education and training on the concept of delayed gratification and the feeling of accomplishment that comes with hard work and success through lawful means. This concept will be especially important for juveniles who come from families with a history of crime or in other words, other family members with criminal backgrounds. Potential impacts of the departmental policy recommendations on the public can be enormous when successfully executed. If treatment plans can be carefully written and followed, juveniles will have learned lawful alternatives to criminal choices and become productive members of their communities instead of adding to the problem. The corrections department will also be largely impacted by the recommendations and may require extra staff to guarantee success. Because there will most likely be budget constraints, this may impact the programs negatively and alternative solutions such as public volunteers to help monitor the juveniles and their programs may be one way to overcome budget constraints. In 2016 the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation released a report of a 3 year study of juvenile offenders and the rate of their return to incarceration. The study concluded that over 64 percent of youth who returned to state‐level incarceration did so within 18 months of their release from Department of Juvenile Justice (CDCR, 2016). These youth also have higher rates of continued return to incarceration with every re-release. These statistics are discouraging and can be used to help create community buy-in to the recommendations for customized treatment and the hope of reduced crime among juveniles. More research will need to be conducted to help raise positive reactions to the changes once the recommendations are implemented. 3|Page References Marion, N. E. (2012). Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice, 2nd Edition. [MBS Direct]. Retrieved from https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780133003079/ III, F.P. W. (2014). Criminological Theory, 6th Edition. [MBS Direct]. Retrieved from https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780133099126 http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/News/media-policies-juvenile.html https://web.archive.org/web/20150417212834/http://idebate.org:80/debatabase/debates/lawcrime/house-would-introduce-child-curfews https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/publiced/features/DYJpart1.authcheckd am.pdf http://ucicorrections.seweb.uci.edu/files/2017/02/2016-Division-of-Juvenile-Justice-OutcomeEvaluation-Report-2-21-2017.pdf 4|Page Policy Change Recommendation Policy Change Recommendation Jay Silva University of Southern New Hampshire 1 Policy Change Recommendation The needs of the public are to keep the community safe and to attempt to rehabilitate the juvenile offender. The primary goal is to keep the community safe but in doing so it needs to confront the juvenile offender problem. Dealing with juvenile offenders has fluctuated between rehabilitation and incarceration. Rehabilitation focuses on treating the offender and incarceration focuses on punishing the offender. Placing juvenile offenders in detention centers exposes them to negative behavior and removes them from supportive programs offered by schools and the community which increases the likelihood of future delinquent behavior. By utilizing rehabilitation programs instead of incarceration, we are decreasing the population of the detention centers and giving the victims and community the opportunity to receive restitution for the crimes committed against them. The juvenile offender learns about being accountable for their actions. The relevant branch of the criminal justice system for this policy would be the courts but it would also help corrections and law enforcement would need to be aware of the policy as well. We are recommending a policy change on how to work with juvenile offenders. Based upon current trends and numbers, we are recommending a change to the placement of juvenile offenders by the courts. As Arthur and Waugh state, “During 2004, more than four thousand youth were arrested or held in custody in the United States for noncriminal behavior called a status offense.”. We are recommending that non-violent and first-time juvenile offenders (violent and repeat offenders would not be offered this opportunity) be assigned by the courts to a specific rehabilitation/treatment program that works with the offender, offender’s family and communities to prevent delinquent behavior. The programs will still hold the offender accountable for their actions by providing opportunities to make restitution to victims, perform 2 Policy Change Recommendation community service and develop the character qualities necessary to become productive members of our communities. This policy change recommendation will improve the delivery of the criminal justice services in our community be rehabilitating the juvenile offenders, so they can become productive members of the community. The rehabilitation may not work on all juvenile offenders, but it will work on most which means law enforcement, courts and corrections will have a smaller population of potential repeat offenders. This smaller population of repeat offenders means law enforcement, courts and corrections can focus their energy on other highrisk areas in their respective branch and the community will notice the decreased incidents within the community as well, so they will have positive feedback on the policy change. The Social Disorganization Theory would be the best criminological theory to attach to this policy change. This theory attributes the motivations behind criminal acts to the surrounding environmental conditions. By creating rehabilitation programs, we are providing resources to all income communities. This theory states that lower income communities produce higher rates of criminal behavior. The public has always been concerned with crime rates so if this theory is correct, the juvenile offenders from the areas with the higher crime rates will receive the resources that we are recommending. This recommendation is appropriate for this policy change because we should be providing the resources for rehabilitation to the higher crime rate which would mean that we are focusing our resources using evidence-based practices. The potential impact of this policy change, the courts will sentence the juvenile offender to an appropriate rehabilitation/treatment program. With less juveniles being incarcerated, corrections should see a decrease in the number of people in lock-up and the police will need to know that recently arrested juveniles could be back in the community as they complete their 3 Policy Change Recommendation rehabilitation/treatment program as opposed to being incarcerated. Like law enforcement, the public will need to know about the juvenile offenders being released back into the community as they complete their rehabilitation/treatment program. A potential negative impact to this policy change is that a juvenile does not take the rehabilitation/treatment program seriously and then goes back to committing crimes. If that is the case, as mentioned earlier, a juvenile that is a repeat offender will not be given the opportunity for rehabilitation/treatment program and they will be eligible to be sentenced to incarceration by the courts. The primary indicator for positive reactions of the policy change will be to see a decrease in delinquent behavior. A primary goal is to decrease juvenile crime and the rate of recidivism by juveniles. We will need to do a comparison of the juvenile crimes committed over a set time when the policy change is in place with a set time when the policy was not in place. With the policy in place, we should see a decrease in the total number of juvenile crimes as well as a decrease in the total number of juvenile offenders committing subsequent crimes after completing the rehabilitation/treatment program. The positive results should then be made available to the public so that they can see the positive impact of the policy change. In addition to the public, we will make showcase the positive impact of this policy change to surrounding communities. The surrounding communities can then utilize the policy change. The more communities that buy into the policy change, the more policy actors will want to get involved in the policy change. The more policy actors involved means more exposure to the positive work that our department is doing for our community. If there is possible conflict to the policy change, we leave the policy open to modifications and we allow the policy actors and the public the opportunity to provide input on how to eliminate any conflict. 4 Policy Change Recommendation References Marion, N, Oliver, W. (2012) The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson Education Inc. 89-337 Arthur, P.J.; Waugh, R. (2009) Status offenses and the juvenile justice and delinquency prevention act: The exception that swallowed the rule. Seattle Journal for Social Justice 7 (2), 555-576. 5
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Surname1
Instructor’s Name
Student’s Name
Course Code
Date
Peer Review
1. Yes, the students identified recommendations such as the need to keep society safe by the
members rehabilitating the juvenile offenders. By putting the juvenile offenders in
rehabilitation camps, the young offenders learn to be accountable for their wrongdoings,
and first-time offenders should be placed in programs that help them work with the
family and the community members. The community and the family members will help
the juvenile change for the better by offering them support, encouragement and gainful
employment.
2. Yes. In the assessments of how the departmental policy meets the needs of the
community, my classmates were accurate as there is an example of the California
Department of correction that that came up with a program and a policy that helps in
reduction of re-offence and rehabilitation of the juveniles. The strategy works by
checking the factors that make an individual get involved in criminal activities and then
work with them carefully to tea...


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