Project Proposal An interior design Project Proposal (or, Design Proposal) is a document that is provided to a potential client that needs interior design services. A proposal is a written document with an informative yet succinct title. A project proposal reads easily, is informative, and adds to the understanding of the project. A project proposal also serves as a guide to the design research an interior designer will undertake in any project. The Project Proposal is the first and initial step in design process that defines the design problem and reports essential information on the industry, client, and project under investigation. Project Proposal focuses on “WHAT is to be researched” and sets the stage for the project. Stages of the Design Process A project proposal is developed between the predesign and design development phase of the design process. Here are some examples of how design firms stage their proposals. Program & Programming As you might notice, program and programming are an important part of the project proposal. But what do these terms mean? Let’s have a closer look at them. Interior designers provide building design services to create comprehensive solutions for specific intended purposes or uses called “programmed interiors”. Interior design process begins when the intended purpose for a project is presented to the interior designer. Typically, this presentation includes a rough ‘program’ and the ‘site’ (or the existing building / shell1). Definition of Program Based on the intended purposes and rough program provided by the client, interior designer develops the “program”. The program defines the client’s, users’ and occupants’ needs and spaces with the square footage required for each function. So, the program can be defined as “a list that itemizes the spaces that must take place in the building”. The program serves as an outline of the requirements of the building and describes spaces with assigned square footage and description of function, use or activities. 1 Shell means the architecture of the existing building. The spatial organization of most interior design projects is driven by the building’s function and ‘building program’. Note that, the summary of goals, requirements, and restrictions associated with a design problem and its solution is also known as the program. Programming The analysis of the program and project requirements is called “programming”. The process of programming is accomplished by gathering, organizing, compiling, analyzing, interpreting, verifying, and presenting the information necessary to understand the problem and solve it. Programming is the process of managing information so that the right kind of information is available at the right stage of the design process and the best possible decisions can be made in shaping the outcome of the building design. Programming is essentially a process of analysis, while planning (and design) is essentially a process of synthesis. Programming is like detective work. It is a process during which information about a design problem is collected, analyzed, and clearly stated to provide a basis for design. So, programming defines a problem before trying to solve it with design. Programming is problem analysis whereas design is problem synthesis. Note that, programming is also the plan for the procedure and organization of all the resources (staff, information, budget, etc..) necessary for developing a design within a specific context and with specific requirements. Tasks of Programming Programming includes, but is not limited to, • conducting research and discovering facts and information, • identifying and analyzing the needs, goals, and preferences of the client and/or occupant(s) of the space, • evaluating existing documentation and conditions, • assessing project resources and limitations, • identifying life, safety, and code requirements, and • developing project schedules and budgets. Stages of Programming Programming is used to arrive at a set of criteria and determine parameters, preferences, and requirements on which the design is based, and by which it is later evaluated. When designers are responsible for the program, they will conduct research, surveys, interviews, and studies and compile inventories as part of the programming process. The Programming phase can be broken down into four distinct stages: 1. Project Statement (Problem Statement) 2. Research 3. Program Document 4. Client Review and Approval Problem Statement The problem statement is a description of the design problem or issue the designer is studying. It provides fundamental direction to the project. Statement of the design problem should include the basic area of concern, the community of interest or organization, target population, and perceived need for the study. Project Statement At the pre-design phase, interior designer prepares a project statement. Project statement means problem statement. This initial problem statement (also called “project statement”, “design statement”, or “design brief”) defines the project in very general terms. It introduces the “Big Picture”. Project statement identifies: • the client(s), • the nature of the project (primary residence, holiday home, office, etc.), • the location of the project, • the purpose of the space, and, • the extent of the design work. The project is introduced with this introductory paragraph to the audience (client, coworker, or reviewer). Project statement or problem definition should be clear and concise. Problem statement includes significant and specific conditions while establishing a general direction for the design project. Project statement incorporates brief descriptions of the client, the site and context, and the services that will be provided as an interior designer for this project including the actions that he/she will take to meet the client’s needs, his/her intentions or goals for the space, and the specific strategies he/she will use to accomplish them. Project statement is written for an audience who knows nothing about the project. Research - Program Analysis Programming involves research and information gathering on the program items. It also involves qualitative and quantitative analysis of user needs and spaces. Information gathering includes, • Client profile and client's specific needs, • Analysis of site, • Analysis of existing building, • Space needs, • Adjacency needs, • Codes review, • Budget requirements, • Scheduling requirements, • Human factors, • Environmental responsibility, and • Social and cultural influences. Program Document The program document contains all the answers to the questions uncovered during the fivestep process and compiled into a written form. A typical written program document includes: Statement of project goals and objectives Project drivers Client requirements List of spaces and areas Other programmatic information including: code reviews budget requirements scheduling constraints survey of existing conditions or site analysis Standards Programming is the ‘analysis phase’ of design where the range of functions, use, and activities and standards for space allocation, configuration and layout are determined. Resources that can be used for space allocation standards are: • • • • • • • • Design and Construction Standards Manuals published by the government (such as Department of Veterans Affairs, U.S. General Services Administration Public Buildings Service) Time-Saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning International Building Codes AIA Building Types series State, county, and municipal, licensing and regulatory agencies Textbooks Precedents of Program Brief (search by space and building type) Healthcare https://orf.od.nih.gov/TechnicalResources/Documents/DRM/DRM1.4042419.pdf https://fgiguidelines.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/2001guidelines.pdf Examples of programming can be found at: https://www.wbdg.org/files/pdfs/archprogramming_exhibit_a.pdf https://www.ucl.ac.uk/estates/sites/estates/files/ucl_space_standards_guidlines_v2181002.pdf References Poursani Lecture Notes, 2012-2019, Art Institutes & UTSA Spatial Strategies for Interior Design, Ian Higgins, 2015, Laurence King Publishing Ltd. http://www.arch.ttu.edu/courses/2014/fall/4341/programming.htm
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