​Nervous System

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nerqsrnea93

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Nervous System

Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, research about the nervous system. Based on your research and understanding, respond to the following:

  • Evaluate and distinguish between the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system.
  • Devise a detailed description of the structure and functions of each organelle in a typical neuron.
  • Distinguish the locations and functions of the four neuroglial cells in CNS and the two neuroglial cells in PNS.
  • Categorize the structure of the spinal cord to its function. Include all levels of the cord.

Textbook:

Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., Bartholomew, E. F. (01/2014). Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 10th Edition. [South University]. Retrieved from https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/#/boo...

Week 8

From your course textbook, Fundamentals of anatomy & physiology, read the following chapters:

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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Running head: STRUCTURE OF THE NERVES AND THEIR SYSTEM STRUCTURE

The Nervous System
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1

STRUCTURE OF THE NERVES AND THEIR SYSTEM STRUCTURE


2

Distinguishing and Elaborating Differences in Functions and Anatomy of the CNS
Structure
The nervous system is branched into two: peripheral and central nervous systems. (CNS)

the central nervous system has contents of the spinal cord together with the brain. These organs
comprise of blood vessels, neural & connective tissues that support and protect them. Processing,
integrating and coordination of motor and sensory commands are the work of the CNS. Sensory
data relays information inside and outside the human body. On the other hand, motor command
adjusts or control peripheral organs like the skeletal muscles. CNS housing the brain is the
command center for memory, intelligence, emotion, and learning.
PNS- the peripheral nervous system comprises the neural tissues branching outside the
central nervous system.it conveys sensory information to the central nervous system and
transports motor commands to the peripheral system and tissues. Chunks of nerve fibers, axons
relay motor commands and sensory information to the PNS. The bundles containing connective
tissues and blood vessels are named as peripheral nerves of the PNS. Brain connects Cranial
nerves are to the while spinal cord attaches spinal nerves to it.
The peripheral nervous system further falls under either afferent or efferent parts with
each allocated various functions. Afferent is a term referring to -to bring to. The afferent PNS
conveys sensory neural information to CNS from receptors located in the peripheral organs and
tissues. The receptors sense changes in the internal and external environment and react to distinct
stimuli. Human receptors range from complex receptor organs (eye and ear) or cytoplasmic
organs of the single cells. Receptors are specialized (cells from other tissues) or neuron cells
(Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 2012).

STRUCTURE OF THE NERVES AND THEIR SYSTEM STRUCTURE

3

The word efferent means –‘to bring out to’ which implies that the efferent PNS transports
motor commands from central command system (CNS) to the adipose tissues and muscle glands.
Therefore, the targeted organs that react by responding are referred to as effectors. This efferent
part contains both the autonomic and somatic structures (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 2012).
Somatic nerves oversee the contraction of the skeletal muscles. These contractions are
voluntary and consciously controlled. A good example is the lifting action of a spoon of food to
your mouth. This involuntary action may be simple, complex and automatic movements that are
controlled by the subconscious level out of one’s awareness. This is best described by the quick
withdrawal of an arm when pricked by a sharp needle. This response is commonly referred to as
a reflex action (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 2012).
ANS (automatic nervous system) automatically controls the cardiac and smooth muscles,
gradual secretions of the adipose tissue from the subconscious level. ANS comprises
...


Anonymous
I was struggling with this subject, and this helped me a ton!

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