1 PART 2: Capacitors Objective: We verified that the resistance of a resistor is independent of frequencies in the audio range as the first part of this experiment. In the second part we verified that the reactance of an inductor increases linearly with increase in frequency. In this third part we will verify that the reactance of a capacitor decreases non-linearly with increase in frequency. Diagram: Equipment needed: ➢ Resistor 100Ω. ➢ Capacitors 0.1-µF. ➢ DMM, oscilloscope, Signal generator, Audio oscillator, Frequency counter. Procedure: ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Select the components and measure the value of capacitor and resistor. Resistor -99.24Ω Capacitors 0.1-µF. construct the circuit shown in figure 5.3 Connect the oscilloscope across the resistor and set the voltage across the capacitor 4V measure the voltage magnitude. ✓ …. ✓ Change the value of frequency and then repeat the procedure. 2 Calculations: a) Calculate Xc from the measured value at each frequency and insert the values in the table under the heading Xc measured b) Calculate Xc using the nameplate capacitance value of 0.1 µF at each frequency and insert in the Xc (calculated) I(p-p) = VRs(p-p) / Rs (measured) For 100 Hz = 20 mV / 99.24 Ω = 0.2 mA For 200 Hz = 50 mV / 99.24 Ω = 0.5 mA For 300 Hz = 70 mV / 99.24 Ω = 0.7 mA For 400 Hz = 90 mV / 99.24 Ω = 0.9 mA For 500 Hz = 114 mV / 99.24 Ω = 1.15 mA For 800 Hz = 185 mV / 99.24 Ω = 1.86 mA For 1000 Hz = 235 mV / 99.24 Ω = 2.37 mA For 2000 Hz = 460 mV / 99.24 Ω = 4.64 mA Xc(measured)= Vc (p-p) / I(p-p) For 100 Hz = 4 V / 0.2 mA = 20 Ω For 200 Hz = 4 V / 0.5 mA = 8.0 Ω For 300 Hz = 4 V / 0.7 mA = 5.7 Ω For 400 Hz = 4 V / 0.9 mA = 4.4 Ω For 500 Hz = 4V / 1.15 mA = 3.5 Ω For 800 Hz = 4 V / 1.86 mA = 2.2 Ω For 1000 Hz = 4 V / 2.37 mA = 1.7 Ω For 2000 Hz = 4 V / 4.64 mA = 0.9 Ω Xc(Calculated) = 1 / 2πf c For 100 Hz = 1 / (2 × π ×100 Hz × 0.1 µF) = Ω For 200 Hz = 1 / (2 × π × 200 Hz × 0.1 µF) = Ω For 300 Hz = 1 / (2 × π × 300 Hz × 0.1 µF) = Ω For 400 Hz = 1 / (2 × π × 400 Hz × 0.1 µF) = Ω For 500 Hz = 1 / (2 × π × 500 Hz × 0.1 µF) = Ω For 800 Hz = 1 / (2 × π × 800 Hz × 0.1 µF) = Ω For 1000 Hz = 1 / (2 × π × 1000 Hz × 0.1 µF) = Ω For 2000 Hz = 1 / (2 × π × 2000 Hz × 0.1 µF) = Ω Table 5.4 Frequency Vc(p-p) (Hz) 100 Hz 200 Hz 4V 4V VRs(p-p) 20 mV 50 mV Ip-p Xc(measured)= Vc (p-p) / I(p-p) 0.2 mA 0.5 mA 20 Ω 8.0 Ω Xc(Calculated) = 1/ 2πf c 0.02 Ω Ω 3 300 Hz 400 Hz 500 Hz 800 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4V 4V 4V 4V 4V 4V 70 mV 90 mV 114 mV 185 mV 235 mV 460 mV 0.7 mA 0.9 mA 1.15 mA 1.86 mA 2.37 mA 4.64 mA 5.7 Ω 4.4 Ω 3.5 Ω 2.2 Ω 1.7 Ω 0.9 Ω c) How do the results in the Xc (measured) and Xc (calculated) compare? Conclusion: Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω
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