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ANTH 3710: HEALTH & HEALING: BIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES Department of Anthropology, William Paterson University Section 01: Tuesday & Thursday 11:00am-12:15pm in Science East, Room 5041 Section 02: Tuesday & Thursday 2:00-3:15pm in Science East, Room 4018 Semester: Fall 2017 Course Credits: 3 Prerequisites: None Professor: Dr. Jack Tocco, PhD, MPH E-mail: toccoj@wpunj.edu Office: Science East, Room 5009 Office Hours: Tue & Thurs 12:50-1:50pm, and by appointment. Course Description Medical anthropology examines the social and cultural dimensions of health, illness, medicine, and the body. It considers how human suffering and wellbeing are shaped by the complex interplay of biological, social, environmental, economic, and political processes. This course introduces students to concepts of health and healing in the field of medical anthropology. We will explore how the experiences of health and the body vary cross-culturally using contemporary bio-cultural approaches and community-health perspectives. Topics covered include perceptions of illness and the etiology of disease, conceptions of mental health and stigma, the cultural context of infectious diseases, and the implications of biomedical interventions and technology. The course will spotlight how anthropological knowledge can bridge gaps between medical discourse and notions of health and healing in communities worldwide. Course Objectives This course in Medical Anthropology seeks to provide you with: 1) An understanding of the interaction between nature and culture, mind and body, personhood and society, in illness, treatment and healing 2) An awareness of the cognitive and behavioral components of ethno-medical systems around the world, and of their ethical implications from the perspective of practitioners, patients, and pharmaceutical companies. 3) A thorough understanding of how gender, race, politics, and class are involved in the individual’s experience of affliction and approach to treatment 4) An appreciation of how global and local inequalities affect illness and shape the nature of health care. 5) Familiarity with the anthropological perspective to analyze contemporary health issues/systems, and research methods to investigate illnesses and healing practices in particular communities. Required Texts The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman. 2012 edition. (First published 1997). Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1 (Version 3: 10 October 2017) Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States by Seth Holmes. 2013. University of California Press. Coursework & Evaluation This is a UCC Writing Intensive course. Book Essays (First essay: 25%; Second essay: 30%) The two major assignments are essays of a minimum of 8 double-spaced pages each based on the two books we will read, The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down and Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies. You may choose from among several essay prompts provided by the instructor. The essay prompt selections will be available at least two weeks before each essay assignment is due. I will be happy to discuss ideas oneon-one with you and/or provide you with feedback on a draft of either or both of your essays if you give me the draft at least three days prior to the assignment due date. Short Essay Responses (2 x 10%) Short essay responses of approximately 500 words each will be due three times in the semester. I will post the prompts for the essays to Blackboard and/or distribute them in class one week prior to their respective due dates. SUBMITTING YOUR BOOK ESSAYS AND SHORT ESSAYS: Please upload your essays to Blackboard before the start of on their respective due dates. Essays uploaded after that will be marked down one point for each subsequent day late. Please write the word count at the end of your essays. CITATION AND INTEGRITY: Any course readings, viewings, or outside materials that you draw from in your essays should be cited; we will discuss proper citation in class prior to the first essay due date. You may certainly discuss any of the essays with me and your fellow classmates prior to the due date, but the writing must be entirely your own work. Participation and Attendance (25%) Your active participation, regular attendance and timely arrival are expected in this course. You are further expected to demonstrate consistent engagement with the course. ‘Engagement’ means that for each class session, you should: 1) complete the readings; 2) come prepared with thoughts and questions; 3) contribute to our group discussion. In other words, mere attendance is not sufficient to earn a high mark for participation. I reserve the right to assign brief (one-page) response papers and issue “pop quizzes” on readings throughout the semester and to count these towards the participation grade. I will also consider (but do not guarantee) awarding an additional 1 to 4 points onto the overall grade of students who regularly come to class promptly, prepared, and are engaged. Attendance is required and an attendance sheet will be circulated at the beginning of each class. Your grade will be reduced for each class meeting you miss over two, with exceptions made for documented emergencies. Grading Scale: A (93-100), A- (90-92), B+ (87-89), B (83-86), B- (80-82), C+ (77-79), C (7376), C- (70-72), D (69- 60), F (below 60) There is no make-up work nor extra credit for this class. 2 (Version 3: 10 October 2017) Electronic Devices I ask that you please put away all electronic devices (phones, laptops, tablets, et cetera) while in the classroom. Put them in a bag or pocket and silence them; keep them off your lap/seat and out of your hands. E-devices disrupt the teaching-learning environment. Technological distractions threaten meaningful social engagement in our classroom community. They also diminish our capacity to learn and retain information. A sizable body of research supports this! For example: Pam A. Mueller & Daniel M. Oppenheimer, The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking. Psychological Science 2014 Vol.25(6): 1159-1168. Abstract: “Taking notes on laptops rather than in longhand is increasingly common. Many researchers have suggested that laptop note taking is less effective than longhand note taking for learning. Prior studies have primarily focused on students’ capacity for multitasking and distraction when using laptops. The present research suggests that even when laptops are used solely to take notes, they may still be impairing learning because their use results in shallower processing. In three studies, we found that students who took notes on laptops performed worse on conceptual questions than students who took notes longhand. We show that whereas taking more notes can be beneficial, laptop note takers’ tendency to transcribe lectures verbatim rather than processing information and reframing it in their own words is detrimental to learning.” Course Schedule This is a preliminary schedule; updates will be announced and posted to Blackboard. All readings besides those from the two assigned books will be posted to Blackboard. Thursday 7th September: Course Introduction No assigned readings Tuesday 12th September: Evolution, Ecology, and Disease Strassman, Beverly I. and Robin I.M. Dunbar. 1999. “Human Evolution and Disease: Putting the Stone Age in Perspective.” In Evolution in Health and Disease, edited by Stephen c. Stearns, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 91-101. Eaton, S.B. et al. 1998. “Stone-agers in the Fast Lane.” In Peter Brown (Ed.) Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology. Mountainview CA: Mayfield. pp. 21-30. Thursday 14th September: Biomedicine as A Cultural System Kleinman, Arthur. 1995. “What is Specific to Biomedicine?” Writing at the Margin: Discourse between Anthropology and Medicine. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 21-40. Lorna Rhodes, “Studying Biomedicine as a Cultural System” In Medical Anthropology: Contemporary Theory and Method. Thomas Johnson, and Carolyn Sargent, eds. New York: Praeger, pp. 159-73. 3 (Version 3: 10 October 2017) Tuesday 19th September: “Ethno-Medicine” Foster, George. 1976. “Disease Etiologies in Non-Western Medical Systems.” In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology, edited by Peter J. Brown, Mayfield Publishing Company, p. 103-110. Lehman, Arthur C. 2010. “Eyes of Nganas: Ethnomedicine and Power in Central African Republic.” In Magic, Witchcraft, and Religion: A Reader in the Anthropology of Religion, edited by Pamela A. Moro and James E. Meyes, McGraw Hill Publishing Company, p. 240248. Miner, Horace. 1956. “Body Ritual among the Nacirema.” American Anthropologist Volume 58, Issue 3: 503-507 Thursday 21st September: “Culture-Bound Syndromes” Short Essay Response 1 Due Hahn, Robert A. 1985. “Culture-Bound Syndromes Unbound.” Social Science & Medicine 21: 165-71. Johnson, Thomas M. 1987. “Premenstrual Syndrome as a Western Culture-Specific Disorder.” In Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 11: 337-56. Tuesday 26th September: Chinese “Traditional” Medicine Eisenberg, David. 1995. “Third Encounter: The Qi Gong Masters.” In Encounters with Qi: Exploring Chinese Medicine. New York: Norton & Co. Traditional Chinese medicine origins/ Mao invented it but didn’t believe in it. Slate 21 October 2013 Thursday 28th September: Culturally Competent Care Benson, P. and Arthur Kleinman. (2006). “Anthropology in the Clinic: The Problem of Cultural Competency and How to Fix It.” In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology, edited by Peter J. Brown, Mayfield Publishing Company, p. 290-296. Forde, Olav Helge. 1998. “Is Imposing Risk Awareness Cultural Imperialism?” Social Science & Medicine 47: 1155-1158. OPTIONAL: Ito, Karen L. 1999. “Health Culture and the Clinical Encounter: Vietnamese Refugees’ Responses to Preventative Drug Treatment of Inactive Tuberculosis”. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 13(3): 338-364. Tuesday 3rd October 4 (Version 3: 10 October 2017) The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Preface and Chapters 1-6 Thursday 5th October The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Chapters 7-11 In class Film: The Split Horn: The Life of a Hmong Shaman in America (2001), watch first half. Tuesday 10th October The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Chapters 12-15 In class Film: The Split Horn: The Life of a Hmong Shaman in America (2001), watch second half. Thursday 12th October The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Chapters 16-End Tuesday 17th October: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Micozzi, Marc S. 2002. “Culture, Anthropology, and the Return of “Complementary Medicine.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 398-414. Brown, Patricia Leigh. 2009. “A Doctor for Disease, A Shaman for the Soul.” New York Times 20 September. “Alongside a Doctor’s Care, a Dose of Traditional Healing” (NY Times, August 19 2015) Thursday 19th October: Mental Health Kleinman, Arthur. (2009). “Do Psychiatric Disorders Differ in Different Cultures?” In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology, edited by Peter J. Brown, Mayfield Publishing Company, p. 223-234. Watters, Ethan. 2010. “The Americanization of Mental Illness.” New York Times. 10 January. Tuesday 24th October: Mental Health (Part II) Book Essay 1 Due Singh, Ilana. 2004. “Doing their jobs: Mothering with Ritalin in a culture of mother-blame.” Social Science & Medicine 59: 1193-1205. Goldstone, Brian. (2017). “A Prayer’s Chance: The Scandal of Mental Health in West Africa.” Harper’s Magazine, May 2017 issue. Thursday 26th October: Medicalization 5 (Version 3: 10 October 2017) Kaw, Egenia. 1993. “Medicalization of Racial Features: Asian American Women and Cosmetic Surgery.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 7(1): 74-89 Potts, A., et al. 2004."Viagra stories": challenging 'erectile dysfunction'. Social Science & Medicine 59(3): 489-499. Look through the website of Intact America: http://www.intactamerica.org/ Tuesday 31st October: Perceptions of Weight and Wellness Readings TBA Thursday 2nd November: Drug Use and Addiction Readings TBA Tuesday 7th November: Critical Medical Anthropology Short Essay Response 2 Due Farmer, Paul. 1998. “Social Inequalities and Emerging Infectious Diseases.” In Peter Brown (Ed.) Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology. Mountainview CA: Mayfield. Singer, Merrill, Freddie Valentin, Hans Baer, and Zhongke Jia. (1992). “Why Does Juan Have Drinking Problem? The Perspective of Critical Medical Anthropology.” In Understanding and Applying Medical Anthropology, edited by Peter J. Brown, Mayfield Publishing Company, p. 307-323. Thursday 9th November: Syndemics Singer, M. and Clair S. 2003. “Syndemics and public health: reconceptualizing disease in biosocial context. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 17(4): 423-41. “Health Problems Take Root in a West Baltimore Neighborhood That Is Sick of Neglect” (NY Times April 29, 2015) “Mass Imprisonment and Public Health” (NY Times November 26, 2014) Tuesday 14th November Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies Forward, Acknowledgements, and Chapters 1 & 2 Thursday 16th November Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies Chapters 3 & 4 6 (Version 3: 10 October 2017) Tuesday 21st November Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies Chapters 5 & 6 (Thursday 23rd November: Thanksgiving—no class) Tuesday 28th November Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies Chapter 7 and Appendix In class Film: Sound and Fury (2000), first half. Thursday 30th November: Disease Communities and Activism Book Essay 2 Due Deborah Gould. 2009. “The Pleasures and Intensities of Activism; or, Making a Place for Yourself in the Universe.” In Moving Politics: Emotion and ACT UP’s Fight against AIDS. Pages 181-212 In class Film: Sound and Fury (2000) second half. Tuesday 5th December: Clinical Trials Kaushik Sunder Rajan: “Experimental values: Indian clinical trials and surplus health” In Byron Good et al., 2010. A Reader in Medical Anthropology: Theoretical Trajectories, Emergent Realities. Chichester: J Wiley: 377-388. Kimmelman, Jonathan. 2007. “Clinical Trials and SCID Row: The Ethics of Phase 1 Trials in the Developing World.” Developing World Bioethics 7(3). Susser, Ida. 2015. “Blame research design for failed HIV study”. Aljazeera America, March 5th. Thursday: 7th December: Religion and Global Health Roberts, Elizabeth. 2006. “God’s laboratory: Religious rationalities and modernity in Ecuadorian in vitro fertilization.” Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 30(4): 507-536. Tocco, Jack Ume. 2017. ‘The Islamification of antiretroviral therapy: Reconciling HIV treatment and religion in northern Nigeria.’ Social Science & Medicine October 2017 190(C): 75-82. Tuesday 12th December: Death Palgi, P. and H. Abramovitch. 1984. “Death: A Cross-Cultural Perspective.” Annual Review of Anthropology 13: 385-417. Thursday 14th December: Review of Course Short Essay Response 3 Due 7 (Version 3: 10 October 2017) No new readings 8 (Version 3: 10 October 2017) Second Short Essay Response Due: Tuesday, November 7th before the start of your class period. Optional: Of the three Short Essay Responses assigned in the course (due September 28st, November 7th, and December 14th), the lowest grade of the three will be dropped. So, you make choose to write all three and have your lowest grade dropped, or you may choose to write two of the three responses in the semester. Prompt: Write a Response of at least 500 words in which you discuss the connections between any two course readings assigned between October 17th and November 7th. Instructions: Upload your response to Blackboard. If you quote or paraphrase an article assigned in class, you can give a parenthetical in-text citation, e.g.: (Singh 2004 p. 1194). If you make reference to any additional sources not assigned in class, be sure to provide a full reference. Please write your total word count in parentheses at the end your essay. Assessment: Your grade on the response will be based on the clarity of your writing, the completeness with which you explain the two articles you choose, and the convincingness with which you draw connections between the two articles. Grades will be reduced by one point (out of a total 10 points) for each day late.
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