1.The original Big Bang model had three major problems. The 'fix' that solved them is known as _________.2.When light from a hot solid, liquid, or dense gas passes through a cooler gas, it will produce a/an _________ spectrum.3.One name that has been given the mysterious force apparently responsible for driving the acceleration of the universe’s expansion is _________.4.The area on the H-R diagram where “normal” stars can be found is known as the _________.5.Although Copernicus' model of the solar system correctly placed the sun at the center, it still provided inaccurate predictions because it maintained that the planets' orbits were _________.6.A spiral galaxy like the Milky Way has three major components: the disk, the bulge, and the _________.HTML Editor7.The more massive a white dwarf is, the (larger/smaller) _________ its diameter will be.8.The strength of an object’s gravitational pull on another is determined by its _________ and the distance between them.9.Comparing a yellow star, a blue star, and a red star, we could determine just from color that the hottest star was the ________ one.10.Rotation curves of spiral galaxies show that stars’ orbital speeds don’t drop off with distance from the galactic center as expected, and thus imply the existence of __________.11.The main sequence includes the following kinds of stars:A) Hot, blue, small, massive ones and cool, red, large, low-mass onesB) Hot, blue, large, massive ones and cool, red, small, low-mass onesC) Hot, red, small, massive ones and cool, blue, large, low-mass onesD) Hot, red, large, massive ones and cool, blue, small, low-mass ones12.Which of the following was not an era in the history of the universe?A) PlanckB) NucleosynthesisC) GravitationD) Galaxies13.The phases of the moon are caused byA) The change of the moon’s distance to Earth during its orbit.B) The different face the moon turns toward Earth during its orbit.C) The alignment of the Earth/moon/sun system casting shadows on the moon’s surface.D) The alignment of the Earth/moon/sun system making a different portion of the moon’s daylight side visible to Earth.14.Spectra help us determine the composition of astronomical objects becauseA) Each element, compound, or ion has a different set of spectral lines.B) Each element, compound, or ion has a different peak wavelength.C) Each element, compound, or ion has a different redshift.D) Each element, compound, or ion has a different brightness.15.Dark energy is the most important factor in the _________ universe scenario for the fate of the universe.A) AcceleratingB) CoastingC) CriticalD) Recollapsing16.The outer planets are more massive than the inner planets becauseA) There were ices as well as rock and metal from which they could form.B) They gained mass fast enough to capture gas from the solar nebula.C) Both of the aboveD) Neither of the above17.The three basic types of galaxies areA) Spiral, elliptical, and dwarf.B) Spiral, elliptical, and irregular.C) Spiral, giant, and irregular.D) Spiral, giant, and dwarf.18.A planet orbiting a star feels a force due to the star’s gravity thatA) Increases with the square of the star’s mass and decreases with the distance.B) Decreases with the square of the star’s mass and increases with the distance.C) Increases with the star’s mass and decreases with the square of the distance.D) Decreases with the star’s mass and increases with the square of the distance.19.Massive main sequence starsA) Have hot cores, use their hydrogen rapidly, and go supernova after a short life.B) Have hot cores, use their hydrogen slowly, and go supernova after a long life.C) Have cooler cores, use their hydrogen rapidly, and eject their outer layers as planetary nebulae after a short life.D) Have cooler cores, use their hydrogen slowly, and eject their outer layers as planetary nebulae after a long life.20.Hubble’s law gives us an indirect way to measure a galaxy’sA) Luminosity.B) Temperature.C) Mass.D) Distance.21.We can determine an object’s temperature from its thermal (or “blackbody”) spectrum by finding the wavelength at which it emits the most electromagnetic radiation.A) TrueB) False22.A solar eclipse occurs during full moon.A) TrueB) False23.We can still see radiation left over from the Big Bang today as the cosmic microwave background.A) TrueB) False24.After its core hydrogen is depleted, a red main sequence star will go supernova after its red giant phase.A) TrueB) False25.The oldest stars in the Milky Way are found in the disk.A) TrueB) False26.Astronomers believe there is enough dark matter in the universe to slow its expansion gradually toward a stop.A) TrueB) False27.Galileo’s findings from his telescopic observations were revolutionary because he showed that the heavens were not perfect.A) TrueB) False28.If the sun had begun fusion later, so it did not clear the solar nebula of its remaining gas so soon, Uranus and Neptune might have become as large as Jupiter and Saturn are now.A) TrueB) False29.If the sun somehow instantaneously became a 1 solar mass black hole, the Earth would soon spiral into it as part of an accretion disk.A) TrueB) False30.According to Hubble’s law, the redshift of a distant galaxy is directly related to its temperature.A) TrueB) False

Here is PART 2 of this assignment. Here is what you need to know about this parts:It will consist of 1 short answer question, and 1 essay question.For all of these questions...... I expect you to have well-written answers for each question thoroughly with details from both the presentations and the readings.QUESTION 1The African Transition Zone - In terms of cultural geography, the continent of Africa is divided between the north and the south. Countries that lie along this transition zone are often beset with violence and conflict. Answer the following:What is the African Transition Zone in terms of cultural geography? Make sure you include a detailed description of this transition zone and any associative terms.Reference the African Transition Zone map, and explain what countries are most affected. Why these countries?Example 1: Nigeria - Describe how and explain why Nigeria exemplifies the conflict that is associated with the African Transition Zone. Make sure you include a description of the country, any relevant terminology that explains this situation better, and information from the readings that relate to this issue.Example 2: Somalia - What do geographers term Somalia? Why? What has happened in this country that has caused it to be termed this, and how does this relate to the African Transition Zone?Example 3: Mali - Even though it is considered a part of the North Africa/Southwest Asia realm, Mali fits in with the African Transition Zone. Why? What happened in Mali that could easily make it part of the African Transition Zone?QUESTION 2The Arab Spring - The most recent conflict in this realm started in 2010, with the beginning of what has been termed The Arab Spring. Answer the following questions for each topic:The Arab SpringWhat was the Arab Spring?Where did the Arab Spring begin and to what countries did it spread?Why did these countries' populations rebel against their governments?Make sure you include all relevant terminology.SyriaThe dust has not settled in terms of the Arab Spring, especially in Syria.How did protests in Syria morph into an all-out civil war?Who is fighting whom in Syria and approximately how many people have lost their lives?Why is this war referred to as a proxy war, what other countries are involved, and why are they involved?What is the humanitarian crisis people refer to when speaking about Syria, and why is it a crisis of epic proportions?***Prsentations are attached below***Readings: 1.Political Chaos in Syria http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868