Learning Portfolio 1 589 LEARNING PORTFOLIO Key Terms Discussion Questions 1. What are two strengths and two weaknesses of studying subcul- perspective? tures from (a) an insider's perspective and (b) an outsider's 2. What are the primary drugs abused by athletes? 3. What are the principal effects and side effects of steroids? 4. What factors encourage drug use by athletes? 5. From the world of steroid abusers, define and give an example miding, and array. of each of the following terms: stacking, cycling, plateauing, pyra- 6. Argue both for and against drug testing in sports. 7. What types of penalties do you think should be used against athletes who abuse drugs? 8. Review the ATLAS steroid prevention program. Do you have any suggestions for how it can improve its methods for lessen- ing steroid use among adolescents? How effective do you think this program would be at your college or university? 9. List the reasons why women are more concerned about drug use and abuse than men. Can you add several reasons not men- tioned in this chapter? 10. Do you believe that drug prevention programs should be cre- ated uniquely for males and females? Support your answer. 11. What aspects of the female role encourage the use of sub- stances of abuse? 12. Should pregnant women who abuse drugs be punished? Why or why not? 13. Why are women who have been or are being sexually abused more likely to become addicted to drugs? 14. Why are adolescents especially vulnerable to drug abuse problems? 15. List three reasons why you think adolescents from upper- middle-class socioeconomic backgrounds become drug abusers. 16. What types of parents are most likely to have children who develop drug abuse problems? 17. How do adolescent drug abuse patterns differ from those in adults? 18. In what way are drugs of abuse associated with juvenile gang activity? 19. Should all adolescents who use drugs of abuse be treated for drug dependence? Why or why not? Adolescents Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids (ATLAS) program 537 antiretroviral therapy (ART) 576 array 530 cycling 529 doping 521 ergogenic 523 highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 576 human growth factor (HGF) 536 human growth hormone (HGH) 536 insider's perspective 520 intergang 558 intragang 558 muscle dysmorphia 527 outsider's perspective 520 plateauing 529 primary prevention 561 proprietary medicine 522 protease inhibitors 574 pyramiding 530 Rohypnol 570 secondary prevention 561 sociobiological changes 549 stacking 529 subculture 520 587 Tor browser/Tor network World Anti-Doping Code 525 20. Do you think that it is realistic to expect drug abusers to change their habits to prevent the spread of AIDS? Why or why not? John was caught by city police growing psilocybin (hallucino- genic) mushrooms in his off-campus college apartment. Should John be punished by his college or university, in addition to the punishment that will be meted out by the criminal justice system? Why or why not? Learning Portfolio 1 639 LEARNING PORTFOLIO Discussion Questions Design Key Terms 1. Figure 17.1 lists many factors that can influence drug use. one of the concentric circles; include all factors within that 1 and detail a drug prevention program by selecting any circle and how you would deal with these factors. 2. Look at the findings in the section of this chapter entitled "How Serious Is the Problem of Drug Dependence?" Which alternatives approach 636 AOD 605 ATOD 616 attitude change or affective education model 623 625 BACCHUS Network BACCHUS Initiatives of NASPA-Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) 625 628 609 drug prevention interesting? Why? two findings regarding dependence did you find to be the most 3. Comment on the harm reduction model as presented here and in other literature you may have. What are the major strengths and weaknesses of this model in comparison to the way drug users and/or abusers are viewed in the United States? Why do you think the U.S. government largely remains opposed to this approach? How do you think the problem of drug use/abuse United States would change if it were to adopt the harm reduction model? 4. What would you emphasize in a primary prevention program for middle school students? High school students? College students? 5. How would you design a drug prevention program for unde- tected committed or secret users? What would you emphasize? Similarly, how would you design a drug prevention program for addicted drug users? What would you emphasize? 6. Which do you think is more likely to work today in drug pre- vention programs for America's youth: teaching moderate use or total abstinence? Explain. 7. Your work supervisor says, “We received a much smaller amount of money than expected from the federal government to create a drug prevention program. You should focus on either a community-based approach, a school-based approach, a family-based approach, or an individual-based approach/ harm reduction psychotherapy prevention program." Which ecological or person-in- environment model 624 harm reduction model 614 621 harm reduction therapy (HRT) information-only or awareness model 623 meditation 638 610 primary drug prevention programs prohibitionist philosophy (regarding drug use) protective factors 618 609 609 risk factors 617 606 type of approach would you select? Explain your choice. 8. How effective has the BACCHUS Initiatives of NASPA-Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education been on your cam- pus? Have you ever participated in any of its social gatherings? Do you think it is effective in curbing alcohol and/or drug use on your campus? Why or why not? Can you give specific experi- ences with the BACCHUS Initiatives of NASPA social activities? parison with traditional criminal courts in the United States. 9. List and explain three major strengths of drug courts in com- Do you perceive any problems in preferring drug courts versus dru prevention program, what do you think are the major 10. From everything you read in this chapter about the D.A.R.E. protams with this comprehensive drug prevention program? How would you improve it program? of using the alternatives approach and scare tactic or fear-based approach substance use disorders (SUDs) secondary drug prevention programs social-ecological model social influences model 610 625 623 our criminal courts? tertiary drug prevention programs 610 11. W luit would be Learning Portfolio I 657 LEARNING PORTFOLIO Discussion Questions 1. Discuss the need to assess addiction severity and readiness to change. 2. List several principles that characterize effective addiction Key Terms 652 closed meetings Minnesota model treatment. 653 652 open meetings partial agonist 656 therapeutic community (TC) 653 3. Discuss the role of comorbidity in substance abuse and its treatment. 4. Describe Alcoholics Anonymous and its approach to assisting individuals addicted to alcohol. 5. Describe several therapeutic strategies to treat addiction. 6. Describe the therapeutic community approach to treating substance abuse. 7. Describe the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act. 8. Describe Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT). Summary 1. Individuals who are addicted to drugs come from all walks of life. It is important that treatment providers determine the severity of a person's addiction as well as the readiness of that individual to change his or her behavior. 2. The process of determining addiction severity can be accom- plished in many ways, including the administration of standard- ized questionnaires such as the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). The ASI provides information that can be used to identify and prioritize which problem domains are the most critical and seguire immediate attention. is important to assess a person's readiness to change his or Der abuse behavior because this can help providers select the needs. This may help
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