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business analytics and machine learning
Question 2: Machine Learning a) Which of unsupervised or supervised machine learning is best suited to assessing causatio ...
business analytics and machine learning
Question 2: Machine Learning a) Which of unsupervised or supervised machine learning is best suited to assessing causation? Explain your choice. b) Your analytics team presents you with two sets of results that have improved the organization’s ability to predict customer defections. The first method uses deep learning and has a precision of 85%. The second method uses decision trees and has a precision of 70%. The previous approach had a precision of 40%. i) Make a case for using the results of the deep learning method. ii) Make a case for using the decision tree method. In your answers, consider aspects of customer lifetime value and managerial decision making. c) An analytics team used two different models to predict the likelihood of an outcome. The results from two different analysts are below: Don’s Analysis Actual Positive Negative Predicted Positive 220 100 Negative 30 650 Katie’s Analysis Actual Positive Negative Predicted Positive 170 10 Negative 80 740 i) Use the Confusion Matrix and Index Calculation tables below to calculate the model performance measures. Confusion Matrix Actual Positive Negative Predicted Positive TP FP Negative FN TN Formula Don Calculation Katie Calculation Accuracy (completed as an example) (TP + TN) / (TP + TN + FP + FN) (220 + 650) / (220 + 650 + 100 + 30) 0.87 (170 + 740) / (170 + 740 + 10 + 80) 0.91 Precision TP / (TP + FP) Error rate (FP + FN) / (TP + TN + FP + FN) Recall TP / (TP + FN) Specificity TN / (TN + FP) False positive rate FP / (TN + FP) F-score 2* ((Precision*Recall) / (Precision + Recall)) ii) Describe a medical or business context where you would prefer to use Don’s model. Why do you prefer Don’s model? iii) Describe a medical or business context where you would prefer to use Katie’s model. Why do you prefer Katie’s model? Ian is an intern with the team who claims he made a breakthrough with a model that outperforms both Don’s and Katie’s. The confusion matrix for his model is below: Ian’s Analysis Actual Positive Negative Predicted Positive 249 2 Negative 1 748 iv) What could possibly have gone wrong that would result in his results being invalid? How could this be solved? (15 marks) Question 3: Experiments Jennifer was given the results of an experiment that was designed to determine if a 10% reduction in price on an online shopping portal would lead to an increase in purchases. Control and treatment group were created. These groups are described below: Control Group Treatment Group Number of males 25 25 Number of females 25 25 Average age 47 years 37 years Average spend per visit in the month BEFORE the experiment $25.00 $25.00 Average spend per visit in the month AFTER the experiment $25.00 $29.00 a) Were the control and treatment groups effectively randomized? Why or why not? b) What are the two most likely explanations for the treatment groups showing a higher average spend than the control group? c) What type of analysis could be used to remove one of the possible explanations for the difference in average spend? d) Experiments are useful in helping determine if people have responded due to a stimulus or if they would have responded even without the stimulus. Design an experiment that could demonstrate what proportion of people have responded to a stimulus. These people could be customers or employees within a company. Examples could be an advertising campaign to customers, or a policy of flexible work hours for employees. Requirements: i) How would you pick the treatment and control groups? Fill in the table below to indicate the number of people and 3 important characteristics that describe each group Control Group Treatment Group People Characteristic 1: Characteristic 2: Characteristic 3: ii) Predict the results and state the managerial conclusion you could make from this result. Use the table below to indicate the change in behavior you expect to observe. Control Group Treatment Group Observed behavior before treatment: Observed behavior after treatment: iii) State the managerial action you could take from the results of your experiment. Briefly describe a useful follow-up experiment that would further deepen understanding of why people behaved in the manner observed.
George Washington University R Code Histogram Worksheet
There will be a data set to do the questions:Use r code to produce a histogram of the average age of entry. Comment on th ...
George Washington University R Code Histogram Worksheet
There will be a data set to do the questions:Use r code to produce a histogram of the average age of entry. Comment on the distribution of this variable.4) Use r code that will produce output that shows the 10 institutions that have the highest average age of entry?5)There are many universities with "American University" in the name. E.g. "American University of Puerto Rico" and "National American University-Ellsworth AFB Extension". Use R code to create a data frame, called `americandf`, that contains just the data from universities with "American University" in the name. 6)Provide r code that will produce the number of colleges from the College Score data frame that have average SAT scores that are above 1000. ( Do not produce the data frame. Your code should only yield the number)7)Provide r code that will show a data frame that lists the 10 highest Average SAT scores in decreasing order. A partial data frame is given below.UNITID OPEID MN_EARN_WNE_P6 INSTNM SAT_AVG ADM_RATE UGDS COSTT4_A <dbl> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> 1 110404 113100 59800 Calif~ 1555 0.0807 979 63471 2 166683 217800 107300 Massa~ 1519 0.0794 4489 63250 3 144050 177400 73700 Unive~ 1508 0.0794 5978 70100 4 166027 215500 102200 Harva~ 1506 0.054 7447 644008) Using the gss_cat data frame, write r code that will produce the bar graph below. And explain in one or two sentences why the bar graph is difficult to interpret.9) Now write r code from the same data set that produce the transformed bar graph and comment on why it is an improvement9)Use r code to produce the tips data frame from the reshape2 package. Name three categorical variables in the data frame.10)Use r code to indicate how many levels exist for the factor day in the tips data frame and determine the frequency of each level.11)Produce r code that will produce the following histogram from the tips data frame12)Write r code that will produce the following histograms from the tips data frame13)Using the stringr::words data set produce R code that will show a 9 letter word that has the letter a in the middle.14)Using the methods demonstrated in the emailed notes and code on Factors and Forcats, use and show R code to create a factor that will enable you to sort the string vector (“four”, “ten”, “two” , “eight”) according to size, not alphabetical order.15)Using the mpg data set, use and show R code that will produce a table that shows the average city mileage (mean for cty) for each manufacturer.16)Using the mpg data set and methods and code illustrated in the emailed Factors and Forcats R file: use and show R code to generate a scatter plot that clearly shows how different manufacturers compare with one another with regards to average or mean city mileage (cty)
Binomial Distribution Analysis Gambling Questions Worksheet Help
You have just been hired by G&B consulting and given your first assignment. A local independently wealthy citizen who happ ...
Binomial Distribution Analysis Gambling Questions Worksheet Help
You have just been hired by G&B consulting and given your first assignment. A local independently wealthy citizen who happens to enjoy both gambling and baseball, but not math, has asked you to help him determine the likelihood of some different outcomes for the upcoming season.
3 pages
Survey Research Methods
When conducting research, one of the most important steps is defining the independent and the dependent variables. The ind ...
Survey Research Methods
When conducting research, one of the most important steps is defining the independent and the dependent variables. The independent variable is not ...
Week 4 Midterm
MidtermThere are 8 questions in total, each worth 12.5 points. Please upload your answers to the dropbox below.Question 1T ...
Week 4 Midterm
MidtermThere are 8 questions in total, each worth 12.5 points. Please upload your answers to the dropbox below.Question 1The following shows the temperatures (high, low) and weather conditions in a given Sunday for some selected world cities. For the weather conditions, the following notations are used: c = clear; cl = cloudy; sh = showers; pc = partly cloudy.How many elements are in this data set?How many variables are in this data set?How many observations are in this data set?Name the variables and indicate whether they are categorical or quantitative.Question 2A student has completed 20 courses in the School of Arts and Sciences. Her grades in the 20 courses are shown below. Develop a frequency distribution and a bar chart for her grades.Develop a relative frequency distribution for her grades and construct a pie chart.Question 3The number of hours worked per week for a sample of ten students is shown below.Determine the median and explain its meaning.Compute the 70th percentile and explain its meaning.What is the mode of the above data? What does it signify?Question 4You are given the following information on Events A, B, C, and D.Compute P(D).Compute P(A ∩ B).Compute P(A | C).Compute the probability of the complement of C.Are A and B mutually exclusive? Explain your answer.Are A and B independent? Explain your answer.Are A and C mutually exclusive? Explain your answer.Are A and C independent? Explain your answer.Question 5When a particular machine is functioning properly, 80% of the items produced are non-defective.If three items are examined, what is the probability that one is defective?Use the binomial probability function to answer this question.Question 6The average starting salary of this year’s graduates of a large university (LU) is $20,000 with a standard deviation of $8,000. Furthermore, it is known that the starting salaries are normally distributed.What is the probability that a randomly selected LU graduate will have a starting salary of at least $30,400?Individuals with starting salaries of less than $15,600 receive a low income tax break. What percentage of the graduates will receive the tax break?What are the minimum and the maximum starting salaries of the middle 95.4% of the LU graduates?Question 7A simple random sample of 6 computer programmers in Houston, Texas revealed the sex of the programmers and the following information about their weekly incomes.What is the point estimate for the average weekly income of all the computer programmers in Houston?What is the point estimate for the standard deviation of the population?Determine a point estimate for the proportion of all programmers in Houston who are female.Question 8Students of a large university spend an average of $5 a day on lunch. The standard deviation of the expenditure is $3. A simple random sample of 36 students is taken.What are the expected value, standard deviation, and shape of the sampling distribution of the sample mean?What is the probability that the sample mean will be at least $4?What is the probability that the sample mean will be at least $5.90?Grading Criteria AssignmentsMaximum PointsMeets or exceeds established assignment criteria40Demonstrates an understanding of lesson concepts20Clearly presents well-reasoned ideas and concepts30Uses proper mechanics, punctuation, sentence structure, and spelling10Total100
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business analytics and machine learning
Question 2: Machine Learning a) Which of unsupervised or supervised machine learning is best suited to assessing causatio ...
business analytics and machine learning
Question 2: Machine Learning a) Which of unsupervised or supervised machine learning is best suited to assessing causation? Explain your choice. b) Your analytics team presents you with two sets of results that have improved the organization’s ability to predict customer defections. The first method uses deep learning and has a precision of 85%. The second method uses decision trees and has a precision of 70%. The previous approach had a precision of 40%. i) Make a case for using the results of the deep learning method. ii) Make a case for using the decision tree method. In your answers, consider aspects of customer lifetime value and managerial decision making. c) An analytics team used two different models to predict the likelihood of an outcome. The results from two different analysts are below: Don’s Analysis Actual Positive Negative Predicted Positive 220 100 Negative 30 650 Katie’s Analysis Actual Positive Negative Predicted Positive 170 10 Negative 80 740 i) Use the Confusion Matrix and Index Calculation tables below to calculate the model performance measures. Confusion Matrix Actual Positive Negative Predicted Positive TP FP Negative FN TN Formula Don Calculation Katie Calculation Accuracy (completed as an example) (TP + TN) / (TP + TN + FP + FN) (220 + 650) / (220 + 650 + 100 + 30) 0.87 (170 + 740) / (170 + 740 + 10 + 80) 0.91 Precision TP / (TP + FP) Error rate (FP + FN) / (TP + TN + FP + FN) Recall TP / (TP + FN) Specificity TN / (TN + FP) False positive rate FP / (TN + FP) F-score 2* ((Precision*Recall) / (Precision + Recall)) ii) Describe a medical or business context where you would prefer to use Don’s model. Why do you prefer Don’s model? iii) Describe a medical or business context where you would prefer to use Katie’s model. Why do you prefer Katie’s model? Ian is an intern with the team who claims he made a breakthrough with a model that outperforms both Don’s and Katie’s. The confusion matrix for his model is below: Ian’s Analysis Actual Positive Negative Predicted Positive 249 2 Negative 1 748 iv) What could possibly have gone wrong that would result in his results being invalid? How could this be solved? (15 marks) Question 3: Experiments Jennifer was given the results of an experiment that was designed to determine if a 10% reduction in price on an online shopping portal would lead to an increase in purchases. Control and treatment group were created. These groups are described below: Control Group Treatment Group Number of males 25 25 Number of females 25 25 Average age 47 years 37 years Average spend per visit in the month BEFORE the experiment $25.00 $25.00 Average spend per visit in the month AFTER the experiment $25.00 $29.00 a) Were the control and treatment groups effectively randomized? Why or why not? b) What are the two most likely explanations for the treatment groups showing a higher average spend than the control group? c) What type of analysis could be used to remove one of the possible explanations for the difference in average spend? d) Experiments are useful in helping determine if people have responded due to a stimulus or if they would have responded even without the stimulus. Design an experiment that could demonstrate what proportion of people have responded to a stimulus. These people could be customers or employees within a company. Examples could be an advertising campaign to customers, or a policy of flexible work hours for employees. Requirements: i) How would you pick the treatment and control groups? Fill in the table below to indicate the number of people and 3 important characteristics that describe each group Control Group Treatment Group People Characteristic 1: Characteristic 2: Characteristic 3: ii) Predict the results and state the managerial conclusion you could make from this result. Use the table below to indicate the change in behavior you expect to observe. Control Group Treatment Group Observed behavior before treatment: Observed behavior after treatment: iii) State the managerial action you could take from the results of your experiment. Briefly describe a useful follow-up experiment that would further deepen understanding of why people behaved in the manner observed.
George Washington University R Code Histogram Worksheet
There will be a data set to do the questions:Use r code to produce a histogram of the average age of entry. Comment on th ...
George Washington University R Code Histogram Worksheet
There will be a data set to do the questions:Use r code to produce a histogram of the average age of entry. Comment on the distribution of this variable.4) Use r code that will produce output that shows the 10 institutions that have the highest average age of entry?5)There are many universities with "American University" in the name. E.g. "American University of Puerto Rico" and "National American University-Ellsworth AFB Extension". Use R code to create a data frame, called `americandf`, that contains just the data from universities with "American University" in the name. 6)Provide r code that will produce the number of colleges from the College Score data frame that have average SAT scores that are above 1000. ( Do not produce the data frame. Your code should only yield the number)7)Provide r code that will show a data frame that lists the 10 highest Average SAT scores in decreasing order. A partial data frame is given below.UNITID OPEID MN_EARN_WNE_P6 INSTNM SAT_AVG ADM_RATE UGDS COSTT4_A <dbl> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> 1 110404 113100 59800 Calif~ 1555 0.0807 979 63471 2 166683 217800 107300 Massa~ 1519 0.0794 4489 63250 3 144050 177400 73700 Unive~ 1508 0.0794 5978 70100 4 166027 215500 102200 Harva~ 1506 0.054 7447 644008) Using the gss_cat data frame, write r code that will produce the bar graph below. And explain in one or two sentences why the bar graph is difficult to interpret.9) Now write r code from the same data set that produce the transformed bar graph and comment on why it is an improvement9)Use r code to produce the tips data frame from the reshape2 package. Name three categorical variables in the data frame.10)Use r code to indicate how many levels exist for the factor day in the tips data frame and determine the frequency of each level.11)Produce r code that will produce the following histogram from the tips data frame12)Write r code that will produce the following histograms from the tips data frame13)Using the stringr::words data set produce R code that will show a 9 letter word that has the letter a in the middle.14)Using the methods demonstrated in the emailed notes and code on Factors and Forcats, use and show R code to create a factor that will enable you to sort the string vector (“four”, “ten”, “two” , “eight”) according to size, not alphabetical order.15)Using the mpg data set, use and show R code that will produce a table that shows the average city mileage (mean for cty) for each manufacturer.16)Using the mpg data set and methods and code illustrated in the emailed Factors and Forcats R file: use and show R code to generate a scatter plot that clearly shows how different manufacturers compare with one another with regards to average or mean city mileage (cty)
Binomial Distribution Analysis Gambling Questions Worksheet Help
You have just been hired by G&B consulting and given your first assignment. A local independently wealthy citizen who happ ...
Binomial Distribution Analysis Gambling Questions Worksheet Help
You have just been hired by G&B consulting and given your first assignment. A local independently wealthy citizen who happens to enjoy both gambling and baseball, but not math, has asked you to help him determine the likelihood of some different outcomes for the upcoming season.
3 pages
Survey Research Methods
When conducting research, one of the most important steps is defining the independent and the dependent variables. The ind ...
Survey Research Methods
When conducting research, one of the most important steps is defining the independent and the dependent variables. The independent variable is not ...
Week 4 Midterm
MidtermThere are 8 questions in total, each worth 12.5 points. Please upload your answers to the dropbox below.Question 1T ...
Week 4 Midterm
MidtermThere are 8 questions in total, each worth 12.5 points. Please upload your answers to the dropbox below.Question 1The following shows the temperatures (high, low) and weather conditions in a given Sunday for some selected world cities. For the weather conditions, the following notations are used: c = clear; cl = cloudy; sh = showers; pc = partly cloudy.How many elements are in this data set?How many variables are in this data set?How many observations are in this data set?Name the variables and indicate whether they are categorical or quantitative.Question 2A student has completed 20 courses in the School of Arts and Sciences. Her grades in the 20 courses are shown below. Develop a frequency distribution and a bar chart for her grades.Develop a relative frequency distribution for her grades and construct a pie chart.Question 3The number of hours worked per week for a sample of ten students is shown below.Determine the median and explain its meaning.Compute the 70th percentile and explain its meaning.What is the mode of the above data? What does it signify?Question 4You are given the following information on Events A, B, C, and D.Compute P(D).Compute P(A ∩ B).Compute P(A | C).Compute the probability of the complement of C.Are A and B mutually exclusive? Explain your answer.Are A and B independent? Explain your answer.Are A and C mutually exclusive? Explain your answer.Are A and C independent? Explain your answer.Question 5When a particular machine is functioning properly, 80% of the items produced are non-defective.If three items are examined, what is the probability that one is defective?Use the binomial probability function to answer this question.Question 6The average starting salary of this year’s graduates of a large university (LU) is $20,000 with a standard deviation of $8,000. Furthermore, it is known that the starting salaries are normally distributed.What is the probability that a randomly selected LU graduate will have a starting salary of at least $30,400?Individuals with starting salaries of less than $15,600 receive a low income tax break. What percentage of the graduates will receive the tax break?What are the minimum and the maximum starting salaries of the middle 95.4% of the LU graduates?Question 7A simple random sample of 6 computer programmers in Houston, Texas revealed the sex of the programmers and the following information about their weekly incomes.What is the point estimate for the average weekly income of all the computer programmers in Houston?What is the point estimate for the standard deviation of the population?Determine a point estimate for the proportion of all programmers in Houston who are female.Question 8Students of a large university spend an average of $5 a day on lunch. The standard deviation of the expenditure is $3. A simple random sample of 36 students is taken.What are the expected value, standard deviation, and shape of the sampling distribution of the sample mean?What is the probability that the sample mean will be at least $4?What is the probability that the sample mean will be at least $5.90?Grading Criteria AssignmentsMaximum PointsMeets or exceeds established assignment criteria40Demonstrates an understanding of lesson concepts20Clearly presents well-reasoned ideas and concepts30Uses proper mechanics, punctuation, sentence structure, and spelling10Total100
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