SPSS – Independent-Samples t-Test

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SPSS – Independent-Samples t-Test

The independent-samples t-test is one of several inferential statistical tests in the t-test family. The purpose of the independent-samples t-test is to examine whether there is a statistically significant group mean (average) difference on a scale (numerical) business outcome variable. For example, a researcher might be interested in knowing whether night shift workers produce more widgets, on average, than day shift workers. The independent-samples t-test is used when the researcher has one nominal (categorical) independent variable, with two levels, day shift and night shift, and one scale (numerical) dependent variable (e.g., monthly number of widgets produced).

To prepare for this Assignment, review the Paul and Garg (2014) article, focusing on the independent-samples t-test. Also, review the Week 3 Assignment Exemplar and Week 3 Assignment Template documents, as well as the tutorial videos, provided in this week’s Resources. Be sure to review the footnotes in the Week 3 Assignment Exemplar, as the footnotes provide additional explanatory information. Consider how independent-samples t-tests can impact the progress or results of a doctoral research study.

Submit a synthesis of statistical findings derived from independent-samples t-tests that follows the Week 3 Assignment Template. Your synthesis must include the following:

  • A description and justification for using the independent-samples t-test
  • A properly formatted research question
  • A properly formatted H0(null) and H1 (alternate) hypothesis
  • An APA-formatted Results section for the independent-samples t-test, to include the following:
    • Identification of the statistical test
    • Identification of independent and dependent variables, including identification of the number of levels for the independent variable
    • Identification of data assumptions and assessment outcome
    • Inferential results in correct APA statistical notation format
    • A properly formatted box plot
    • APA-formatted references
  • An Appendix including the SPSS output (Group Statistics and Independent Samples Test parameters; see Week 3 Assignment Exemplar)

Note: You will cut and paste the appropriate SPSS output into the Appendix. The SPSS output is not in APA format, so you will need to type the information from the SPSS output to the appropriate sections of the APA table. You must use the Week 3 Assignment Template to complete this Assignment.

Dataset file is listed below in the uploaded files to be used for the assignment. Here is the link if you cannot open. http://www.pearsonhighered.com/program/Green-Using-SPSS-for-Windows-and-Mcintosh-Books-a-la-Carte-8th-Edition/PGM14536.html


  • Paul, H., & Garg, P. (2014). Organizational commitment of frontline sales professionals in India: Role of resilience. International Journal of Business Insights and Information, 7(2), 12–18. Retrieved from http://www.ijbit.org/home Note: This article contains several statistical analyses, to include the independent-samples t-test.

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1 DDBA 8307 Week 3 Assignment Exemplar: Independent Samples tTest1 John Doe2 DDBA 8307-63 Dr. Jane Doe4 1 Footnotes within the narrative are depicted by bold yellow superscripts; the footnotes will not be in your final submission. 2 Type your name here. 3 Type in DDBA section number (e.g. DDBA 8307– 6). 4 Enter faculty name here. 2 Independent-samples t-test You will describe and defend using the independent samples t-test for your analysis. Use at least two outside resources—that is, resources not provided in the course resources, readings, etc. These citations will be presented in the References section. This exercise will give you practice for addressing Rubric Item 2.13b, which states, “Describes and defends, in detail, the statistical analyses that the student will conduct….” This section should be no more than two paragraphs. Research Question5 Is there a statistically significant gender self-esteem mean difference? Hypotheses6 H0: There is no statistically significant gender self-esteem mean difference. H1: There is a statistically significant gender self-esteem mean difference. Results7 An independent-samples t-test (two-tailed), a = .05, was conducted to assess whether males differed significantly from females in a self-reported self-esteem measure. The independent variable was gender, with two levels, male and female. The dependent variable was self-esteem. The assumptions of normality and equal variances (Levene’s 5 Quantitative research questions can be presented in a variety of formats; however, you will be safe using this format. 6 Two hypotheses, the null (H0) and alternative (H1), are to be stated for each research question. See p. 39 in the Research Handbook for more detailed examples. See more on hypotheses at http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/hypothes.php 7 DBA Rubric Item 3.2d: Reports inferential statistical analyses results, organized by research question, in proper APA statistical notation/format. Includes the alpha level chosen for the test, test value, p (significance level) values, effect size, degrees of freedom, confidence intervals (when appropriate), etc. 3 test, p = .062)8 were evaluated with no violations noted. The results were not significant9, t(434) = 1.622, p = .10510. There were no significant differences in reported self esteem scores for males (M = 34.02, SD = 4.91) and females (M = 33.17, SD = 5.71)11. The 95% CI of the mean difference (.85) was -1.80 to 1.8712. Figure 1 is a box depicting selfesteem by gender. The SPSS output is provided in the Appendix. Figure 1. Boxplot depicting self-esteem scores by gender.13 8 The test value (Levene’s test) for the assumption assessment is > .05, and therefore not significant. Remember, your results might be significant; this would be evidenced by p < .05. If you have significant results, you will need to add the effect size [e.g. t(434) = 1.622, p = .062, d = .23]. 10 This is the correct format for reporting t-test results. However, it is important to understand the parameters. t indicates that a t-test was conducted; (434) = the degrees of freedom (df), which is an indication of the sample size. The df is the sample size minus 2. Therefore, in this case the sample is 436; 1.622 is the calculated t-statistic; p is the significance value where a value < .05 indicate significant findings. In this case, p is > .05; therefore, the results are not significant. The effect size (d) would be reported if the results were significant [see formula on p. 126 in the Green & Salkind (2017) text). 11 The mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) by gender are the only descriptive statistics; therefore, a descriptive statistics table is not needed. 12 Always report the 95% CI for the mean difference score. 13 The graph is also addressing Rubric Item 3.2e: Includes appropriate tables and figures to illustrate results, as per the current edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 9 4 References Type references here in proper APA format. 5 Appendix – Independent Samples t-Test SPSS 14 Output14 You will copy-and-paste the appropriate SPSS output into the Assignment. See the document titled “Copying and Pasting SPSS Output Into Word,” located in the Week 2 Resources. 1 DDBA 8307 Week 3 Assignment Template John Doe DDBA 8307-6 Dr. Jane Doe 2 Independent-samples t-test Type text here. You will describe and defend using the independent-samples t-test for your analysis. Use at least two outside resources—that is, resources not provided in the course resources, readings, etc. These citations will be presented in the References section. This exercise will give you practice for addressing Rubric Item 2.13b, which states, “Describes and defends, in detail, the statistical analyses that the student will conduct….” This section should be no more than two paragraphs. Research Question Type research question here. See Week 3 Assignment Exemplar for more detail. Hypotheses Type null and alternative hypotheses here. See Week 3 Assignment Exemplar for more detail. Results Type results here based upon the SPSS output. See Week 3 Assignment Exemplar for more detail. 3 References Type references here in proper APA format. 4 Appendix – Independent Samples t-Test SPSS Output $FL2@(#) IBM SPSS STATISTICS 64-bit Macintosh 23.0.0.0 ##########################Y@15 Dec 1621:50:48 ###########################WORK_SHI ###Work Shift ########################WIDGETS ##############�? Day Shift #######@ Night Shift #######################################�###############��## ###############��������������������� ### ###################################### ###########WORK_SHI=Work_Shift WIDGETS=Widgets ##########################################,###Work_Shift:$@Role('0' )/Widgets:$@Role('0' )�#######e�eiefe�e�eue�e�e�e�e�e�e�e�e�f�f�fpfdfgf�fdfffefhf�fvf�f|ff####
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DDBA 8307 Week 3 Assignment

John Doe

DDBA 8307-6
Dr. Jane Doe

2

Independent-samples t-test
The independent samples T test is used to compare the means of two groups that are
unrelated on the same dependent variable that is continuous. This research seeks to
establish whether there is a statistically significant difference in the number of widgets
generated by employees based on their work shift. To achieve this, the independent
samples T test will be used as will be demonstrated.
Research Question
Is the...


Anonymous
I was struggling with this subject, and this helped me a ton!

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