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complete the problems and questions as presented. Show your work (either your hand calculations or your statistical program output). You can either scan your work and submit it as a low-resolution graphic, type your answers directly into the document, or cut and paste your work into a Word file. Be sure to name the file using the proper NCU naming conventions before its submittal.
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Running head: VARIABLES AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Variables and Distributions
Name
Institutional Affiliation
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VARIABLES AND DISTRIBUTIONS
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Chapter One
Q1a). This is a sample. Bennett, Briggs, & Triola (2014), describe a sample as a subset from
which a researcher obtains data. Thus, the group of 500 patients is a sample since it is
obtained from a bigger group high cholesterol patients. In other words, from the bigger
population of patients who have a high level of cholesterol, the researcher obtained a sample
of 500 patients which was utilized as a representation of the entire population in the study
regarding the commonness of heart illness in this specific population. The research revealed
that this prevalence was 67%.
b). This is a sample. This is because the group of 150 local restaurants was selected from a
bigger population of restaurants, i.e., from the population which in this case is all local
restaurants, 150 restaurants were selected to serve as a sample to represent the entire
population.
Q2 a. This value is a parameter. According to Bennett et al. (2014), a population parameter
refers to a specific number describing the population’s characteristics. The researcher has
studied the entire population (all the downtown office buildings), concluding that 42.7% of
them have ventilation problems (the population’s characteristics). For this reason, the value
constitutes to be a parameter.
b). Since we are not aware of the number of the whole population in the study or even the
number of students that were in the class initially, this value could be a statistic. According
to, Bennett et al. (2014), statistics refer all data that describes or even summarizes something.
It is understood as numerical ascriptions that are given towards a sample of which it is
determined by summarizing or consolidating collected in a study. As such, the value 15 could
be a statistic because it summarizes the result of the students who dropped from the class.
VARIABLES AND DISTRIBUTIONS
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3a. This is an example of systematic sampling. According to Bennett et al. (2014), systematic
sampling is utilized to select a sample such as choosing every kth member of the population.
Here, the tax auditor chooses every 1000th income tax return by providing every submitted
tax return with an equal chance to be selected. This, therefore, makes it an example of
systematic sampling.
b). This is a type of simple random sampling. This is because the sample is chosen in such a
manner that every contestant has an equal chance of being chosen as long as the name their
name appears in the bag just once.
4a). an observational study is a study that measures or observes the characteristics of the
subjects while an experimental study applies some treatment on the subjects and observes the
effects on the subject as well.
In the given case, the study is observation. This is because the pollster reports on his
candidate’s specific, all of which he measures and observes. Here, there is no evidence that
he modifies or even influences these specific characteristics.
5a). Because there is need to test the efficiency of the aspirins on people, an experimental
study should be used. A double-blind experimental procedure could be better than merely a
“regular” experimental study since here; experimenters would not unintentionally influence
the study participants. Bennett et al. (2014) state that in a double-blind experimental
procedure, neither the experimenters nor the participants would know which participants
belonged to which control group or treatment group. Overall the double-blind experimental
procedure would eliminate the brand loyalty or the bias for the simple fact that the active
researchers, the control group, as well as the treatment group, would not be aware of who was
in which group.
Chapter one Discussion question 2
VARIABLES AND DISTRIBUTIONS
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An observational study is described as a study that measures or observes specific
characteristics while attempting to avoid modifying or influencing the characteristics under
observation (Bennett et al., 2014).
The Harvard’s Nurses’ health study is observational since the professor gathers information
on what the participants eat, whether they smoke and what medicines they take among other
things. Nonetheless, he does not directly influence or even determine their decisions. The
study’s participants are neither in a central or specific location nor are they routinel...