6 page Report on applying the Bio-Psycho-Social Plus (BPS+) Approach to alcoholism in a Movie

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Disclaimer: **THIS ASSIGNMENT REQUIRES YOU TO WATCH A 1 1/2 HOUR MOVIE** and is for those in the SOCIAL WORK field.

- I have attached a document that explains what the BPS+ model is, and I have also attached a YouTube link to the movie 28 Days.

PROJECT:

  • Explore a film related to substance use and demonstrate your understanding of the BSP+ model (bio-psychosocial plus approach to addiction) through an analysis of that piece of media (in this case it's the movie 28 Days)

TASK:

  • Analyze the themes (Addiction as Suffering – Treatment, Change & Recovery, and The Cultural Construction of Addiction, alcohol) using the BPS plus model
    • how does the addiction theory help you understand alcoholism (drug culture)?
    • Does the depiction of addiction issues in the movie shed a new or different light on addiction issues?
    • Identify key issues related to addiction in the movie

- DO NOT write a paper that just details neuro-physiological effects of drugs on the body and the brain. The focus needs to be primarily on social, societal, psychological, cultural and/or historical aspects of addiction as they appear in the movie.. Use the BPS+ model as your guide!

FORMAT:

  • 1 page summary of the movie, about 3/4's of a page explaining what the BPS + Model of addiction is, and the rest of the pages spent on critical analysis of the movie using the BPS + model
  • it is essential to reference in the body of the paper the sources you employ; also be sure to provide a bibliography or list of references at the end of the report.
    - 12- point font
  • you may use headings
  • You may use the first person
  • double spaced


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A Bio-Psycho-Social Plus Approach to Addiction and Recovery Wayne Skinner, MSW, RSW Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work University of Toronto The Bio-Psycho-Social (BPS) model was developed to help medical practitioners frame health and illness not only in biological terms, but to include psychological and social perspectives as well (Engel, 1977). The model has been widely accepted and has been taken up in a variety of domains beyond health care. A key point in this approach is that these three dimensions are not separate vectors, but interconnected and interdependent. Rather than seeing illness as an event that just occurs in the body of a particular person, the BPS approach is to factor in psychological and social aspects to build a comprehensive approach to understanding illness, recovery, and health. Recently Skinner and Herie (2014) have suggested an expanded view of the BPS model which they called BPS Plus (BPS+). They argue that two other variables, culture and spirituality, have particularly salience in understanding and addressing addictive behaviours. They make the case that an effective understanding of addiction requires a comprehensive approach that includes all five dimensions. This has implications for the prevention of substance use, gambling and other addictive disorders, as well as offering a framework for a comprehensive approach to addiction prevention, treatment and recovery. Here is the rationale for the importance of each of the five dimensions: The Biological Dimension: it is now widely accepted that addiction is “a brain disease” (Leschner, 1997). That is easier to understand in the case of psychoactive drugs where potent chemicals cross the blood-brain barrier and produce dramatic neurobiological effects within the brain. Yet the evidence is that other addictive behaviours, such as gambling and gaming, can produce neurobiological effects in ways that are similar to psychoactive drugs. Beyond the brain, the biological dimension needs to be understood as extending to the body and the person’s full biological functioning, including sleep, nutrition, recreation, and level of fitness. The Psychological Dimension: if neurobiology is concerned with body and brain, psychology is the study of the mind, and the ways that human subjective experience and behaviour are shaped and evoked. Looking at the urges and drives that incline or disincline a person to certain behaviours, as well as the ways motivation and cognitive factors, along with external rewards and punishments, shape behaviours is important for an effective understanding of addiction. Psychological factors make important contributions to understanding how and under what circumstances people initiate change and maintain it over time. These are key issues in prevention, treatment and recovery. The Social Dimension: traditionally, social factors have been taken to mean the proximal influences of people close to the person on their resilience or vulnerability to addiction. The behaviours that are modeled and valued by others in a person’s social field are more likely to be adopted than behaviours that lack this normative pressure. The immediate social context is a key vector for prevention initiatives, as well as for mobilizing support when someone is looking to change behaviours that have become addictive. Skinner and Herie (2014) extend this proximal view to a wider, more distal, social-structural perspective on addictive behaviours and their prevention and treatment. They point to the way larger societal policies and practices shape and normalize behaviours that carry addictive potential, such as gambling and substance use. The ways behaviours are made legal or illegal, the ways they are promoted or discouraged, and the ways they are held to be normal or deviant are powerful factors in shaping how individuals act, even when they have the belief they are acting autonomously or just following social convention. Another reason for the necessity of a broadened socialstructural view is the social determinants of health. Here the evidence suggests that poverty, marginalization and other disadvantaging factors increase not just vulnerability to addictive behaviours but add to the challenges people face in finding solutions to them when they try to change. Social support is perhaps the single most important factor in successful recovery, within the web of multiple factors that need to be understood and mobilized to optimize a person’s chances of lasting change. The Cultural Dimension: Culture is increasingly recognized as an essential dimension for understanding health and illness. Culture refers to the social environment in which a person finds themselves and its relation to their personal identity. The degree of integration and connection they feel has a measurable effect on their subjective experience of quality of life and their vulnerability to addiction and other health issues. This is illustrated with Aboriginal peoples and the centuries of cultural dislocation they have been subjected to. It also applies to marginalized communities such as lesbian and gay. Being able to renormalize one’s identity through cultural reconnection or through creating the positive culture that is healing being in community with others with whom the person identifies helps restore wellbeing and builds resilience. Finding peer culture that offers healthy alternatives to addictive lifestyles and actively engages in recovery practices is predictive of better outcomes for people recovering from addiction. The Spiritual Dimension: There is epidemiological evidence that people who have strong religious affiliation are less vulnerable to addictive behaviours than those who are not. Mutual aid fellowships based on the 12 Steps are among the oldest approaches to recovery from addiction problems. It offers a program of spiritual recovery for those who come to believe that they have a chronic condition that can be managed through active practice of the 12 Steps and participation in peer support groups on a continuing basis. Alcoholics Anonymous is the original organization that developed this approach, which has spread to a wide set of conditions where sufferers self-identify as being addicted. Gamblers Anonymous (GA) is an important resource for people who consider themselves addicted to gambling. Spirituality as a pathway to recovery is not restricted to 12 Step groups, it is important to note. When people find connection to a larger frame of meaning that allows self-transcendence and meaningful engagement in recovery practices and social re-engagement, they are more likely to change from addictive preoccupation to increased behavioural self-control, mindfulness and reconnection with others in ways that are meaningful for the person. Skinner and Herie (2014), in calling for an approach to addiction and its prevention and treatment, suggest that an effective model needs to be holistic, integrative and pluralistic. It needs to be able to fathom the complexity of factors that result in problem gambling and other addictions, as well as gathering in coordinated and comprehensive ways across diverse populations the full set of factors that, effectively mobilized, lead to lasting behavioural change, enhanced resilience, and reliable social connections, all of which are the hallmarks of recovery. Rather than seeing these factors as competing with one another, they propose that an effective understanding of addiction requires that they viewed in concert, informing and co-constructing one another as interlocked factors. By bringing the elements into dynamic interaction, the goal is avoid reducing addiction to just one or two elements, and to offer a deeper understanding of the predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors for addictive behaviours in individuals and communities. The authors recommend the approach because of its heuristic value: it provides a comprehensive and integrated understanding of addiction that leads to effective, evidence-informed policies and practices in prevention, treatment and recovery. Source: Skinner & Herie (2014) References Engel, George L. (1977). "The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine". Science 196:129–136. ISSN 0036-8075 (print) / ISSN 1095-9203 (web) doi:10.1126/science.847460 Leshner, A. I. (1997). Addiction is a brain disease, and that matters. Science 278, 45-47 DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5335.45. Skinner, W. & Herie, M. (2014). Biopsychosocial Plus: a practical approach to addiction and recovery. In Herie, M. & Skinner, W. (eds). Fundamentals of Addiction: A practical guide for counsellors. Toronto: CAMH. Draft: For Discussion Only. May 20, 2016
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Bio-Psycho-Social Plus (BPS+) Approach to alcoholism in 28-Day Movie
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Bio-Psycho-Social Plus (BPS+) Approach to alcoholism in 28-Day Movie

28-day Film Review.
The 28-day film, directed by Betty Thomas, is one of the most accurate films about
alcoholism and addictions. The movie does not fascinate or irritate its thematic content but
shines in a fact that represents the problems that life can take on everyone everywhere. Why does
anyone want to watch a movie about someone who spends time in rehab, no matter how well
done? Because "28 days" is an interesting story, sometimes the funny and exciting, with sensitive
and terrestrial characters do play a role in society.
Gwen Cummings is a fruitful New York author who lives in the fast lane, and she loved
partying of all her favorite events. That tells us her lifestyle was on a club roller coaster ride to a
bar with her boyfriend Jasper, who was handsome, magnetic and even attractive. To Gwen life
was just like an exercise until when she arrives unashamedly at her sister Lily wedding in a
limousine, she had stolen and smashed it while going back to her house while being drunk.
Gwen, a journalist for a newspaper in a major city, resulted forced into a drug and alcohol rehab
center. She considers a total loss of time and believes that people are a group of losers.
Therefore, Gwen was waiting for her sister to finish her sentence for since she had vowed to
continue the lifestyle of her friends. However, little by little Lily realizes that Gwen has a
problem and begins to take care of her. There, Gwen's face comes with a different set of
standards like cell phones and rituals (such as singing) faced by a host of intriguing rehab
members: Gerhardt, Oliver, Andrew, Roshanda, Billie Jean, and Eddie. As a city girl who was
tired to the bone, she was not to calm down. At last, by the organization of her group with the
staggering misfortune, Gwen progressively loses her skepticism and s...

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