Testing for Bivariate Categorical Analysis

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Mathematics

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Assignment: Testing for Bivariate Categorical Analysis

You have had plenty of practice with data analysis in the Discussions and hopefully you have received helpful and encouraging feedback from your colleagues. Now, for the last time in the course, it is time once again to put all of that good practice to use and answer a social research question using categorical statistical tools. As you begin the Assignment, be sure and pay close attention to the assumptions of the test. Specifically, make sure the variables are categorical level variables.

For this Assignment, you will consider three different scenarios. Each of these scenarios include a research question. You will examine each scenario, choose a categorical data analysis and run a sample test.

To prepare for this Assignment:

  • Review Chapters 10 and 11 of the Frankfort-Nachmias & Leon-Guerrero course text and the media program found in this week’s Learning Resources related to bivariate categorical tests.
  • Using the SPSS software, open the Afrobarometer dataset found in this week’s Learning Resources.
  • Next, review the Chi Square Scenarios found in this week’s Learning Resources and consider each research scenario for this Assignment.
  • Based on the dataset you chose and for each research scenario provided, using the SPSS software, choose a categorical data analysis and run a sample test.
  • Once you perform your categorical data analysis, review Chapter 11 of the Wagner text to understand how to copy and paste your output into your Word document.

For this Assignment:

Write a 1- to 2-paragraph analysis of your categorical data results for each research scenario. In your analysis, display the data for the output. Based on your results, provide an explanation of what the implications of social change might be.

Use proper APA format, citations, and referencing for your analysis, research question, and display of output.

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Explanation & Answer

Hi, see attached: I am still editing this paper. I will upload the final document alongside the output shortly.

Running head: CATEGORICAL ANALYSIS

Bivariate Categorical Analysis
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course Title
Date

CATEGORICAL ANALYSIS

2

For this assignment, the Afrobarometer dataset is used. In categorical data analysis, only
variables that are considered as being categorical are used (Frankfort & Leon-Guerrero, 2015).
When data is collected by categories, only the counts which could either be nominal or ordinal
are recorded. For the nominal variables, they have no specific order (Frankfort & Leon-Guerrero,
2015). Examples of such variables are race or hair color. The ordinal variables on the other hand
have some order. An example of such a variable is socioeconomic status.
Scenario 1
Research Question: Is there a statistically significant relationship between the perceptions
of current economic conditions and extent of a democracy?
Hypotheses
H0: There is no statistically significant relationship between the perceptions of current
economic conditions and extent of a democracy.
Ha: There is a statistically significant relationship between the perceptions of current
economic conditions and extent of a democracy.
Results

Chi-Square Tests
Value

df

Asymp. Sig. (2sided)

2562.469a

12

.000

Likelihood Ratio

2496.936

12

.000

Linear-by-Linear Association

2177.962

1

.000

Pearson Chi-Square

N of Valid Cases

47543

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected
count is 245.90.

CATEGORICAL ANALYSIS

3

Symmetric Measures
Value

Approx. Sig.

Phi

.232

.000

Cramer's V

.134

.000

Nominal by Nominal
N of Valid Cases

47543

a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.

The results from the analysis above indicate a statistically significant relationship
between the two variables in this scenario. This is because the P value (0.000) is less than the
alpha 0.05. The null hypothesis is rejected in this case at 0.05 level of significance (FrankfortNachmias, & Leon-Guerrero, 2015). There is therefore an association between the perceptions of
current economic conditions and extent of a democracy in African countries. To determine the
strength of the relationship, the Phi and Crammer’s V symmetric measures are used. Since the
Crammer’s V value is 0.134, well below 1, it can be concluded that the strength of the
relationship is weak (Frankfort-Nachmias & Leon-Guerrero, 2015).
Implications of Social Change
From the above established statistically significant relationship, it is clear that the extent
of democracy in African countries determines the perceptions of current economic conditions by
citizens. The leadership of these countries should therefore invest in creating democracies that
will have a positive impact on the current economic conditions of these countries.

CATEGORICAL ANALYSIS

4
Scenario 2

Research Question: Is there a statistically significant relationship between the level of
democracy and the citizens’ trust in police?
Hypotheses
H0: There is no statistically significant relationship between the level of democracy and
the citizen’s trust in police...

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