Python for data analysis

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Project for Python programming for Data Science Title: Data analysis on a merged data set after cleaning. Preparation: Pandas is able to read excel files directly through I/O functions. Objectives: Q1) [Advance] a) Read the energy data from the file Energy Indicators.xls, which is a list of indicators of [energy supply and renewable electricity production] from the [United Nations] (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/excel_file_tables/2013/Energy%20Indicators.xls) for the year 2013, and should be put into a Data Frame with the variable name of energy. Keep in mind that this is an Excel file, and not a comma separated values file. Also, make sure to exclude the footer and header information from the data file. The first two columns are unnecessary, so you should get rid of them, and you should change the column labels so that the columns are: ['Country', 'Energy Supply', 'Energy Supply per Capita', '% Renewable] b) Convert variable Energy Supply to gigajoules (there are 1,000,000 gigajoules in a petajoule). For all countries which have missing data (e.g. data with "...") make sure this is reflected as NA values. c) Rename the following list of countries. "Republic of Korea" to "South Korea", "United States of America" to "United States", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" to "United Kingdom", "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" to "Hong Kong" There are also several countries with parenthesis in their name. Be sure to remove these, e.g. `'Bolivia (Plurinational State of)'` should be `'Bolivia'`. d) Next, load the GDP data from the file world_bank.csv, which is a csv containing countries' GDP from 1960 to 2015 from [World Bank] (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD). Call this Data Frame GDP. Make sure to skip the header, and rename the following list of countries: "Korea, Rep." to "South Korea", "Iran, Islamic Rep." to "Iran", "Hong Kong SAR, China" to "Hong Kong"``` e) Finally, load the [Sciamgo Journal and Country Rank data for Energy Engineering and Power Technology] (http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?category=2102) from the file scimagojr3.xlsx, which ranks countries based on their journal contributions in the aforementioned area. Call this Data Frame ScimEn. f) Join the three datasets: GDP, Energy, and ScimEn into a new dataset (using the intersection of country names). Use only the last 10 years (2006-2015) of GDP data and only the top 15 countries by Scimagojr 'Rank' (Rank 1 through 15). The index of this Data Frame should be the name of the country, and the columns should be ['Rank', 'Documents', 'Citable documents', 'Citations', 'Self-citations', 'Citations per document', 'H index', 'Energy Supply', 'Energy Supply per Capita', '% Renewable', '2006', '2007', '2008', '2009', '2010', '2011', '2012', '2013', '2014', '2015']. You should finally get a Data Frame with 20 columns and 15 entries. Q2) [Moderate] What are the top 15 countries for average GDP over the last 10 years? [NB: This function should return a Series named ‘avgGDP’ with 15 countries and their average GDP sorted in descending order.] Q3) [Moderate] By how much had the GDP changed over the 10 year span for the country with the 6th largest average GDP? [NB: This function should return a single number.] Q4) [Trivial] What is the mean energy supply per capita? [NB: This function should return a single number.] Q5) [Trivial] Which country has the maximum % Renewable and what is the percentage? [NB: This function should return a tuple with the name of the country and the percentage.] Q6) [Trivial] Create a new column that is the ratio of Self-Citations to Total Citations. What is the maximum value for this new column, and which country has the highest ratio? [NB: This function should return a tuple with the name of the country and the ratio.] Q7) [Moderate] Create a column that estimates the population using Energy Supply and Energy Supply per capita. What is the third most populous country according to this estimate? [NB: This function should return a single string value.] Q8) [Moderate] Create a column that estimates the number of citable documents per person. What is the correlation between the number of citable documents per capita and the energy supply per capita? Use the “.corr()” method, (Pearson's correlation). [NB: This function should return a single number.] Plot to visualize the relationship between Energy Supply per Capita vs. Citable docs per Capita. Q9) [Moderate] Create a new column with a 1 if the country's % Renewable value is at or above the median for all countries in the top 15, and a 0 if the country's % Renewable value is below the median. [NB: This function should return a series named “HighRenew” whose index is the country name sorted in ascending order of rank.] Q10) [Advanced] Use the following dictionary to group the Countries by Continent, then create a dataframe that displays the sample size (the number of countries in each continent bin), and the sum, mean, and std deviation for the estimated population of each country. ContinentDict = {'China':'Asia', 'United States':'North America', 'Japan':'Asia', 'United Kingdom':'Europe', 'Russian Federation':'Europe', 'Canada':'North America', 'Germany':'Europe', 'India':'Asia', 'France':'Europe', 'South Korea':'Asia', 'Italy':'Europe', 'Spain':'Europe', 'Iran':'Asia', 'Australia':'Australia', 'Brazil':'South America'} [NB: This function should return a DataFrame with index named Continent ['Asia', 'Australia', 'Europe', 'North America', 'South America'] and with columns ['size', 'sum', 'mean', 'std'].] Q11) [Advanced] Cut % Renewable into 5 bins. Group Top15 by the Continent, as well as these new % Renewable bins. How many countries are in each of these groups? [NB: This function should return a Series with a MultiIndex of ‘Continent’, then the bins for ‘% Renewable’. Do not include groups with no countries.] Q12) [Moderate] Convert the Population Estimate series to a string with thousands separator (using commas). Do not round the results. e.g. 317615384.61538464 -> 317,615,384.61538464 [NB: This function should return a Series PopEst whose index is the country name and whose values are the population estimate string.]

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Environmental Indicators: Energy Energy Supply and Renewable Electricity Production in 2013 Last update: December 2015 Choose a country from the following drop-down list: Country Andorra Andorra Renewable Electricity Production Energy Supply Energy Supply per capita Petajoules Gigajoules % 9 121 88,70 website: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ENVIRONMENT/qindicators.htm Afghanistan Afghanistan Albania Albania Renewable Electricity Production Energy Supply Energy Supply per capita Petajoules Gigajoules % 321 10 78,67 102 35 100,00 1 959 51 0,55 ... 9 ... 0,64 121 88,70 642 27 70,91 2 136 0,00 8 84 0,00 Argentina Argentina Armenia Armenia 3 378 79 24,06 143 48 28,24 Aruba Aruba Australia1 Australia 12 120 14,87 5 386 231 11,81 1 391 164 72,45 567 45 60 6,38 118 0,00 574 425 0,00 Bangladesh Bangladesh Barbados Barbados 1 625 10 1,97 19 69 0,00 Belarus Belarus Belgium Belgium 1 142 120 0,46 2 338 210 9,96 13 39 64,69 170 16 0,00 6 88 0,00 63 336 83 100,00 32 31,48 5 213 0,00 266 70 41,46 86 39 0,13 12 149 59 69,65 2 85 0,00 Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Bulgaria 127 310 0,05 703 97 17,23 Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Burundi Burundi 164 10 14,50 58 7 6 86,79 15 21,23 250 17 57,31 307 14 70,89 10 431 296 61,95 8 131 0,00 23 5 85,64 77 6 0,00 1 613 92 28,01 China2 China China, Hong Kong Special Administrative 3 Region China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 127 191 93 19,75 585 82 0,00 China, Macao Special Administrative Region4 China, Macao Special Administrative Region Colombia Colombia 47 83 0,00 1 513 32 63,00 5 7 11,63 102 23 57,75 1 48 0,00 222 47 88,74 Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Croatia 547 25 22,82 321 75 64,28 Cuba Cuba Curaçao Curaçao 585 51 0,66 78 82 502 0,00 71 6,48 1 751 166 7,07 Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 612 25 70,18 888 12 99,59 Denmark5 Denmark Djibouti Djibouti 725 129 33,54 11 13 0,00 2 28 36,63 Algeria Algeria American Samoa American Samoa Andorra Andorra Angola Angola Anguilla Anguilla Antigua Barbuda Antigua andand Barbuda Austria Austria Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahamas Bahrain Bahrain Belize Belize Benin Benin Bermuda Bermuda Bhutan Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State Bolivia (Plurinational State of) of) Bonaire, Eustatius Saba Bonaire, SintSint Eustatius andand Saba Bosnia Herzegovina Bosnia andand Herzegovina Botswana Botswana Brazil Brazil British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands Cabo Verde Cabo Verde Cambodia Cambodia Cameroon Cameroon Canada Canada Cayman Islands Cayman Islands Central African Republic Central African Republic Chad Chad Chile Chile Comoros Comoros Congo Congo Cook Islands Cook Islands Costa Rica Costa Rica Cyprus Cyprus Czech Republic Czech Republic Dominica Dominica Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Ecuador Egypt Egypt El Salvador El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea 339 33 11,25 680 3 422 43 47,71 39 8,81 176 29 56,45 73 91 6,36 Eritrea Eritrea Estonia Estonia 34 7 258 195 4,18 1 394 15 99,91 9 179 38,57 1 258 33,33 31 36 62,00 1 374 10 597 252 19,54 166 17,02 French Guiana French Guiana French Polynesia French Polynesia 13 52 62,00 12 44 26,86 Gabon Gabon Gambia Gambia 99 60 37,50 Ethiopia Ethiopia Faeroe Islands Faeroe Islands Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Fiji Fiji Finland Finland France6 France Georgia Georgia Germany Germany 0,55 14 7 0,00 163 40 82,22 13 261 165 17,90 Ghana Ghana Gibraltar Gibraltar 316 12 63,10 8 245 0,00 Greece Greece Greenland7 Greenland 993 9 90 24,80 166 78,13 Grenada Grenada Guadeloupe Guadeloupe 5 43 0,00 33 70 14,81 Guam Guam Guatemala Guatemala ... ... 0,00 452 29 49,52 Guernsey Guernsey Guinea Guinea 0 6 0,00 145 12 48,44 29 17 0,00 34 45 0,00 Haiti Haiti Honduras Honduras 172 217 16 12,76 28 37,76 Hungary Hungary Iceland Iceland 947 95 3,26 312 957 99,97 33 195 26 14,97 8 754 35 12,19 9 172 119 5,71 Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Guyana Guyana India India Indonesia8 Indonesia (Islamic Republic IranIran (Islamic Republic of) of) IraqIraq Ireland Ireland of Man IsleIsle of Man Israel Israel 9 ItalyItaly Jamaica Jamaica Japan10 Japan Jersey Jersey Jordan Jordan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kenya Kenya Kiribati Kiribati Kuwait11 Kuwait 2 077 61 7,87 548 117 20,92 0 4 0,79 997 6 530 128 0,87 109 33,67 108 39 5,62 18 984 149 10,23 3 34 0,00 325 45 0,34 3 548 208 8,11 873 20 73,76 1 8 0,00 1 475 410 0,00 Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan People's Democratic Republic LaoLao People's Democratic Republic 167 85 29 93,48 13 93,29 Latvia Latvia Lebanon Lebanon 183 91 48,83 289 55 6,61 Lesotho Lesotho Liberia Liberia 48 23 100,00 0,00 83 19 Libya Libya Liechtenstein Liechtenstein 707 113 0,00 3 79 96,47 Lithuania Lithuania Luxembourg Luxembourg 282 95 41,03 168 307 45,53 Madagascar Madagascar Malawi Malawi 166 101 7 50,82 6 89,14 3 417 116 7,75 15 43 0,00 66 4 64,77 31 75 1,42 1 28 0,00 33 84 2,61 51 13 0,00 58 46 3,53 7 944 2 64 12,91 21 2,94 475 166 0,00 42 67 65,58 Malaysia Malaysia Maldives Maldives MaliMali Malta Malta Marshall Islands Marshall Islands Martinique Martinique Mauritania Mauritania Mauritius Mauritius Mexico Mexico Micronesia (Federated States Micronesia (Federated States of) of) Mongolia Mongolia Montenegro Montenegro Montserrat Montserrat Morocco Morocco Mozambique Mozambique Myanmar Myanmar Namibia Namibia Nauru Nauru Nepal Nepal Netherlands12 Netherlands New Caledonia New Caledonia New Zealand New Zealand Nicaragua Nicaragua Niger Niger Nigeria Nigeria Niue Niue 1 153 0,00 796 23 15,89 469 18 94,63 682 13 72,04 63 27 95,79 1 60 0,00 458 3 199 16 99,68 190 6,32 51 200 20,43 876 196 72,87 149 25 40,76 87 5 0,00 5 589 32 18,39 0,00 0 65 Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands Norway Norway ... ... 0,00 1 388 273 97,64 Oman Oman Pakistan Pakistan 1 015 2 868 260 0,00 16 31,88 Palau Palau Panama Panama 3 152 18,75 158 42 57,51 Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Paraguay Paraguay Peru Peru Philippines Philippines 144 20 23,95 228 35 100,00 858 28 51,97 1 781 18 26,17 Poland Poland Portugal13 Portugal 4 121 107 5,54 899 86 53,34 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Qatar Qatar 56 1 396 15 1,08 664 0,00 11 007 221 2,28 93 23 5,08 59 70 28,30 Republic of Korea Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Republic of Moldova Réunion Réunion Romania Romania 1 339 68 34,38 30 709 214 17,29 95 9 35,84 Saint Helena Saint Helena Saint Nevis Saint KittsKitts andand Nevis 0 40 9,09 4 73 0,00 Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Saint Pierre Miquelon Saint Pierre andand Miquelon 6 1 33 0,00 162 2,13 Saint Vincent Grenadines Saint Vincent andand the the Grenadines Samoa Samoa 3 28 16,67 4 22 31,36 Tome Principe SaoSao Tome andand Principe 14 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 3 14 10,45 7 985 264 0,00 154 11 2,00 618 69 27,22 Russian Federation Russian Federation Rwanda Rwanda Senegal Senegal Serbia15 Serbia Seychelles Seychelles Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 9 94 1,98 67 11 64,02 1 120 12 207 0,00 327 0,00 711 131 20,22 287 139 31,86 6 11 0,00 126 12 0,00 South Africa South Africa South Sudan South Sudan 6 341 119 1,69 28 2 0,42 Spain16 Spain Lanka Sri Sri Lanka 4 923 106 37,97 388 61 19 59,57 14 0,00 608 16 78,41 34 65 22,02 49 39 40,68 2 044 212 46,60 1 113 136 57,75 542 28 11,57 106 13 99,74 5 336 79 4,31 former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia TheThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Timor-Leste 117 7 56 26,14 6 0,00 Togo Togo Tonga Tonga 134 19 80,18 3 28 0,00 Trinidad Tobago Trinidad andand Tobago Tunisia Tunisia 824 611 0,00 430 4 897 39 3,49 64 28,54 1 102 210 0,00 3 85 0,00 ... ... 0,00 Uganda Uganda Ukraine18 Ukraine 452 4 844 12 68,02 107 8,07 United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern 19 Ireland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 710 300 0,00 7 920 124 10,60 Singapore Singapore Maarten (Dutch part) SintSint Maarten (Dutch part) Slovakia Slovakia Slovenia Slovenia Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Somalia Somalia State of Palestine State of Palestine Sudan Sudan Suriname Suriname Swaziland Swaziland Sweden Sweden Switzerland17 Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Tajikistan Thailand Thailand Turkey Turkey Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Turks Caicos Islands Turks andand Caicos Islands Tuvalu Tuvalu United Republic of Tanzania United Republic of Tanzania United States of America20 United States of America 994 20 31,07 90 838 286 11,57 ... ... 0,00 196 58 71,61 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vanuatu 1 798 62 21,33 3 10 14,71 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) of) Nam VietViet Nam 2 871 95 67,83 2 554 28 45,32 0 26 0,00 344 13 0,00 400 26 99,71 480 32 52,54 United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uruguay Wallis Futuna Islands Wallis andand Futuna Islands Yemen Yemen Zambia Zambia Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Sources: UNSD Energy Statistics Yearbook. See: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/energy/yearbook/default.htm Footnotes: 1 Excludes the overseas territories. 2 Data exclude Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province. 3 Data on kerosene-type jet fuel include aviation gasoline and other kerosene. 4 For confidentiality reasons, data on coal and coal products, jet fuel, petroleum coke and other petroleum products (2009-2012), stock changes of other kerosene (2010-12), exports of charcoal (2009-2012), and data on fuelwood (2010-2012) are not available. 5 Data exclude Greenland and the Danish Faroes. 6 Data include Monaco, and exclude the following overseas departments and territories: Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Reunion, and St. Pierre and Miquelon. 7 Data for kerosene-type jet fuel include other kerosene. 8 Data include Timor-Leste until 2001. 9 Data include San Marino and the Holy See. 10 Data include Okinawa. 11 The data for crude oil production include 50 per cent of the output of the Neutral Zone. 12 Data exclude Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. 13 Data include the Azores and Madeira. 14 Data for crude oil production include 50 per cent of the output of the Neutral Zone. 15 Data exclude Kosovo from 2000 onwards. 16 Data include the Canary Islands. 17 Data include Liechtenstein for oil statistics. 18 For confidentiality reasons, data on the following products (mainly on production) may not be available or may be included with other products: lignite (included with peat), patent fuel (included with peat briquettes), aviation gasoline, kerosene-type jet fuel, other kerosene, petroleum coke, paraffin waxes and white spirit (the latter three included with other oil products). 19 Shipments of coal and oil to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man from the United Kingdom are not classed as exports. Supplies of coal and oil to these islands are, therefore, included as part of UK supply. Exports of natural gas to the Isle of Man are included with the exports to Ireland. 20 Includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Oil statistics as well as coal trade statistics also include Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake Island and the Northern Mariana Islands. Definitions & Technical notes: The data on energy supply and renewable electricity production were compiled by the UNSD Energy Statistics Section for the Energy Statistics Yearbook. For more detailed information on these and other energy supply and production indicators please refer to the publication. Energy supply is defined as energy production plus imports minus exports minus international marine bunkers minus international aviation bunkers minus stock changes. Electricity production refers to gross production, which is the sum of the electrical energy production by all the generating units/installations concerned (including pumped storage) measured at the output terminals of the main generators. Renewable electricity production (%) refers to the proportion of total electricity produced that comes from a renewable origin. Electricity production refers to gross electricity production, which is the sum of the electrical energy production by all the generating units/installations concerned (including pumped storage) measured at the output terminals of the main generators. This includes the consumption by station auxiliaries and any losses in the transformers that are considered integral parts of the station. Renewable electricity production was calculated as the sum of electricity produced from hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, tide, wave and ocean sources. All electricity production from combustible fuels is considered non-renewable; therefore electricity produced from burning biomass or renewable waste is not included as renewable electricity in this table. However, this has been observed to be a relatively negligible proportion of electricity production in most cases. … denotes no data available. Data Quality: The data are compiled primarily from the annual energy questionnaire distributed by the United Nations Statistics Division and supplemented by official national statistical publications, as well as publications from international and regional organizations. Where official data are not available or are inconsistent, estimates are made by the Statistics Division based on governmental, professional or commercial materials. Estimates include, but are not limited to, extrapolated data based on partial year information, use of annual trends, trade data based on partner country reports, breakdowns of aggregated data and analysis of current energy events. For more information, visit http://unstats.un.org/unsd/energy/yearbook/default.htm. Project for Python programming for Data Science Title: Data analysis on a merged data set after cleaning. Preparation: Pandas is able to read excel files directly through I/O functions. Objectives: Q1) [Advance] a) Read the energy data from the file Energy Indicators.xls, which is a list of indicators of [energy supply and renewable electricity production] from the [United Nations] (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/excel_file_tables/2013/Energy%20Indicators.xls) for the year 2013, and should be put into a Data Frame with the variable name of energy. Keep in mind that this is an Excel file, and not a comma separated values file. Also, make sure to exclude the footer and header information from the data file. The first two columns are unnecessary, so you should get rid of them, and you should change the column labels so that the columns are: ['Country', 'Energy Supply', 'Energy Supply per Capita', '% Renewable] b) Convert variable Energy Supply to gigajoules (there are 1,000,000 gigajoules in a petajoule). For all countries which have missing data (e.g. data with "...") make sure this is reflected as NA values. c) Rename the following list of countries. "Republic of Korea" to "South Korea", "United States of America" to "United States", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" to "United Kingdom", "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" to "Hong Kong" There are also several countries with parenthesis in their name. Be sure to remove these, e.g. `'Bolivia (Plurinational State of)'` should be `'Bolivia'`. d) Next, load the GDP data from the file world_bank.csv, which is a csv containing countries' GDP from 1960 to 2015 from [World Bank] (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD). Call this Data Frame GDP. Make sure to skip the header, and rename the following list of countries: "Korea, Rep." to "South Korea", "Iran, Islamic Rep." to "Iran", "Hong Kong SAR, China" to "Hong Kong"``` e) Finally, load the [Sciamgo Journal and Country Rank data for Energy Engineering and Power Technology] (http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?category=2102) from the file scimagojr3.xlsx, which ranks countries based on their journal contributions in the aforementioned area. Call this Data Frame ScimEn. f) Join the three datasets: GDP, Energy, and ScimEn into a new dataset (using the intersection of country names). Use only the last 10 years (2006-2015) of GDP data and only the top 15 countries by Scimagojr 'Rank' (Rank 1 through 15). The index of this Data Frame should be the name of the country, and the columns should be ['Rank', 'Documents', 'Citable documents', 'Citations', 'Self-citations', 'Citations per document', 'H index', 'Energy Supply', 'Energy Supply per Capita', '% Renewable', '2006', '2007', '2008', '2009', '2010', '2011', '2012', '2013', '2014', '2015']. You should finally get a Data Frame with 20 columns and 15 entries. Q2) [Moderate] What are the top 15 countries for average GDP over the last 10 years? [NB: This function should return a Series named ‘avgGDP’ with 15 countries and their average GDP sorted in descending order.] Q3) [Moderate] By how much had the GDP changed over the 10 year span for the country with the 6th largest average GDP? [NB: This function should return a single number.] Q4) [Trivial] What is the mean energy supply per capita? [NB: This function should return a single number.] Q5) [Trivial] Which country has the maximum % Renewable and what is the percentage? [NB: This function should return a tuple with the name of the country and the percentage.] Q6) [Trivial] Create a new column that is the ratio of Self-Citations to Total Citations. What is the maximum value for this new column, and which country has the highest ratio? [NB: This function should return a tuple with the name of the country and the ratio.] Q7) [Moderate] Create a column that estimates the population using Energy Supply and Energy Supply per capita. What is the third most populous country according to this estimate? [NB: This function should return a single string value.] Q8) [Moderate] Create a column that estimates the number of citable documents per person. What is the correlation between the number of citable documents per capita and the energy supply per capita? Use the “.corr()” method, (Pearson's correlation). [NB: This function should return a single number.] Plot to visualize the relationship between Energy Supply per Capita vs. Citable docs per Capita. Q9) [Moderate] Create a new column with a 1 if the country's % Renewable value is at or above the median for all countries in the top 15, and a 0 if the country's % Renewable value is below the median. [NB: This function should return a series named “HighRenew” whose index is the country name sorted in ascending order of rank.] Q10) [Advanced] Use the following dictionary to group the Countries by Continent, then create a dataframe that displays the sample size (the number of countries in each continent bin), and the sum, mean, and std deviation for the estimated population of each country. ContinentDict = {'China':'Asia', 'United States':'North America', 'Japan':'Asia', 'United Kingdom':'Europe', 'Russian Federation':'Europe', 'Canada':'North America', 'Germany':'Europe', 'India':'Asia', 'France':'Europe', 'South Korea':'Asia', 'Italy':'Europe', 'Spain':'Europe', 'Iran':'Asia', 'Australia':'Australia', 'Brazil':'South America'} [NB: This function should return a DataFrame with index named Continent ['Asia', 'Australia', 'Europe', 'North America', 'South America'] and with columns ['size', 'sum', 'mean', 'std'].] Q11) [Advanced] Cut % Renewable into 5 bins. Group Top15 by the Continent, as well as these new % Renewable bins. How many countries are in each of these groups? [NB: This function should return a Series with a MultiIndex of ‘Continent’, then the bins for ‘% Renewable’. Do not include groups with no countries.] Q12) [Moderate] Convert the Population Estimate series to a string with thousands separator (using commas). Do not round the results. e.g. 317615384.61538464 -> 317,615,384.61538464 [NB: This function should return a Series PopEst whose index is the country name and whose values are the population estimate string.] Sheet1 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Country Documents Citable documents Citations Self-citations Citations per document H index China 127050 126767 597237 411683 4.7 United States 96661 94747 792274 265436 8.2 Japan 30504 30287 223024 61554 7.31 United Kingdom 20944 20357 206091 37874 9.84 Russian Federation 18534 18301 34266 12422 1.85 Canada 17899 17620 215003 40930 12.01 Germany 17027 16831 140566 27426 8.26 India 15005 14841 128763 37209 8.58 France 13153 12973 130632 28601 9.93 South Korea 11983 11923 114675 22595 9.57 Italy 10964 10794 111850 26661 10.2 Spain 9428 9330 123336 23964 13.08 Iran 8896 8819 57470 19125 6.46 Australia 8831 8725 90765 15606 10.28 Brazil 8668 8596 60702 14396 7 Taiwan 6468 6441 86099 14768 13.31 Turkey 5879 5827 91857 23165 15.62 Norway 5675 5634 32693 6024 5.76 Netherlands 5170 5105 48351 6067 9.35 Sweden 4565 4494 57889 9632 12.68 Malaysia 3914 3881 25545 6597 6.53 Switzerland 3636 3599 38962 6186 10.72 Denmark 3531 3494 37254 6191 10.55 Mexico 3249 3214 21524 4145 6.62 Poland 3123 3102 24852 5395 7.96 Saudi Arabia 2979 2930 21208 2469 7.12 Greece 2866 2835 41662 6226 14.54 Egypt 2789 2752 19123 2778 6.86 Belgium 2697 2642 23720 3300 8.79 Singapore 2488 2443 36098 3700 14.51 Hong Kong 2448 2436 34453 3959 14.07 Portugal 2443 2426 22700 3639 9.29 Finland 1998 1978 19273 3260 9.65 South Africa 1928 1913 11924 1996 6.18 Austria 1761 1736 14580 1557 8.28 Ukraine 1744 1608 5073 1323 2.91 Romania 1738 1729 7100 1350 4.09 Thailand 1722 1712 19764 2600 11.48 Czech Republic 1608 1600 5630 1119 3.5 Argentina 1223 1213 10620 1654 8.68 Israel 1215 1202 14764 2051 12.15 Algeria 1215 1197 7393 1413 6.08 United Arab Emirates 1137 1124 6055 611 5.33 New Zealand 1092 1082 11504 1209 10.53 Colombia 1017 1014 7111 844 6.99 Nigeria 1017 1011 3559 684 3.5 Ireland 974 959 14361 1719 14.74 Venezuela 891 886 6109 693 6.86 Indonesia 833 827 3588 355 4.31 Kuwait 737 731 6101 651 8.28 Hungary 706 699 4367 847 6.19 Page 1 138 230 134 139 57 149 126 115 114 104 106 115 72 107 86 102 104 74 85 95 62 81 85 57 55 61 82 55 63 81 78 63 59 46 53 27 38 62 36 47 54 40 37 47 37 29 57 41 28 39 32 Sheet1 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Slovakia 690 Estonia 682 Chile 666 Tunisia 615 Slovenia 609 Pakistan 593 Jordan 558 Bulgaria 545 Croatia 520 Serbia 493 Qatar 477 Bangladesh 477 Oman 457 Lithuania 412 Iraq 353 Azerbaijan 342 Lebanon 293 Latvia 285 Morocco 262 Viet Nam 261 Belarus 240 Cuba 211 Kazakhstan 206 Philippines 186 Libya 186 Trinidad and Tobago 182 Cyprus 179 Sri Lanka 147 Iceland 128 Brunei Darussalam 113 Bahrain 111 Macedonia 105 Kenya 104 Bosnia and Herzegovina 92 Armenia 91 Syrian Arab Republic 88 Peru 84 Nepal 74 Cameroon 71 Uruguay 71 Puerto Rico 69 Ecuador 68 Luxembourg 63 Moldova 57 Uzbekistan 57 Tanzania 56 Palestine 51 Angola 50 Ethiopia 49 Ghana 48 Sudan 43 Costa Rica 41 690 664 650 612 609 588 554 540 513 486 469 472 455 405 353 339 290 284 256 258 234 209 202 185 185 180 174 144 128 113 109 104 104 91 91 87 83 74 71 70 67 68 62 57 56 56 51 50 47 48 43 40 2371 2865 5907 3902 6784 3536 6992 6095 2409 3247 2084 1948 2396 1508 1537 548 2721 452 2495 1164 989 980 601 1018 900 335 4760 1468 319 533 997 1130 1408 421 518 655 211 156 386 728 639 101 303 116 158 600 407 79 128 137 164 79 Page 2 593 1394 738 670 747 836 690 989 457 650 327 143 262 361 134 125 267 95 364 92 119 152 99 189 52 27 274 78 38 43 33 75 23 48 207 86 21 5 70 80 28 2 32 47 45 69 22 0 28 4 11 18 3.44 4.2 8.87 6.34 11.14 5.96 12.53 11.18 4.63 6.59 4.37 4.08 5.24 3.66 4.35 1.6 9.29 1.59 9.52 4.46 4.12 4.64 2.92 5.47 4.84 1.84 26.59 9.99 2.49 4.72 8.98 10.76 13.54 4.58 5.69 7.44 2.51 2.11 5.44 10.25 9.26 1.49 4.81 2.04 2.77 10.71 7.98 1.58 2.61 2.85 3.81 1.93 21 19 35 32 39 28 43 38 24 26 21 23 25 17 19 11 28 10 27 16 17 16 10 17 16 10 32 16 8 11 15 18 14 12 11 14 8 7 11 15 11 5 11 6 7 15 11 5 4 5 7 5 Sheet1 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 Macao Malta Monaco Botswana Georgia Uganda Mongolia Paraguay Yemen Bolivia Burkina Faso North Korea Montenegro Congo Albania Zimbabwe Senegal El Salvador Fiji Zambia Jamaica Mauritius Mozambique Laos Nicaragua Myanmar Tajikistan Gabon Côte d’Ivoire Panama Papua New Guinea Niger Bhutan Guatemala Madagascar Malawi Barbados Benin Liechtenstein Dominican Republic Turkmenistan Guinea Namibia Suriname Rwanda Lesotho Sierra Leone Swaziland Eritrea Kyrgyzstan Cambodia Guadeloupe 38 35 34 34 33 33 30 30 28 26 26 25 25 23 23 22 20 20 20 19 17 17 17 15 14 13 13 11 10 10 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 38 35 34 32 33 33 30 30 28 24 26 25 25 23 23 21 20 20 20 19 17 17 16 15 14 13 13 11 9 10 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 208 74 9 79 22 32 107 104 121 103 158 436 42 10 168 27 325 21 110 14 61 68 35 4 22 73 71 42 101 27 12 76 36 6 87 51 14 8 38 9 12 2 14 2 7 25 18 6 7 2 42 0 Page 3 8 14 5 5 4 3 20 10 25 9 18 0 10 1 14 1 7 3 12 1 0 0 5 0 1 13 32 0 4 1 4 2 0 0 1 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 5.47 2.11 0.26 2.32 0.67 0.97 3.57 3.47 4.32 3.96 6.08 17.44 1.68 0.43 7.3 1.23 16.25 1.05 5.5 0.74 3.59 4 2.06 0.27 1.57 5.62 5.46 3.82 10.1 2.7 1.5 9.5 4.5 0.75 12.43 7.29 2 1.14 6.33 1.5 2 0.33 2.33 0.33 1.17 4.17 3.6 1.2 1.4 0.4 8.4 0 6 5 1 5 3 2 7 5 8 5 8 10 4 2 6 3 10 2 7 2 3 3 3 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 2 4 2 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 0 Sheet1 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 New Caledonia 4 Equatorial Guinea 4 Honduras 4 Faroe Islands 4 Djibouti 4 Netherlands Antilles 3 Greenland 3 Afghanistan 3 Cape Verde 3 French Guiana 3 Samoa 3 Cayman Islands 2 Andorra 2 Antigua and Barbuda 2 Haïti 2 Nauru 2 Seychelles 2 Mali 2 Bermuda 2 Chad 2 Burundi 2 Liberia 1 Togo 1 British Indian Ocean Territory 1 American Samoa 1 Saint Helena 1 Gibraltar 1 Maldives 1 Gambia 1 Belize 1 Palau 1 Guyana 1 Christmas Island 1 Reunion 1 Saint Lucia 1 Mauritania 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 19 0 8 13 8 49 0 5 1 13 2 13 0 4 0 7 0 12 0 23 1 0 37 0 1 0 1 0 6 0 0 0 2 0 1 Page 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.5 4.75 0 2 3.25 2.67 16.33 0 1.67 0.33 4.33 1 6.5 0 2 0 3.5 0 6 0 11.5 1 0 37 0 1 0 1 0 6 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 2 0 2 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 Environmental Indicators: Energy Energy Supply and Renewable Electricity Production in 2013 Last update: December 2015 Choose a country from the following drop-down list: Country Andorra Andorra Renewable Electricity Production Energy Supply Energy Supply per capita Petajoules Gigajoules % 9 121 88.70 website: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ENVIRONMENT/qindicators.htm Afghanistan Afghanistan Albania Albania Renewable Electricity Production Energy Supply Energy Supply per capita Petajoules Gigajoules % 321 10 78.67 102 35 100.00 1 959 51 0.55 ... 9 ... 0.64 121 88.70 642 27 70.91 2 136 0.00 8 84 0.00 Argentina Argentina Armenia Armenia 3 378 79 24.06 143 48 28.24 Aruba Aruba Australia1 Australia 12 120 14.87 5 386 231 11.81 1 391 164 72.45 567 45 60 6.38 118 0.00 574 425 0.00 Bangladesh Bangladesh Barbados Barbados 1 625 10 1.97 19 69 0.00 Belarus Belarus Belgium Belgium 1 142 120 0.46 2 338 210 9.96 13 39 64.69 170 16 0.00 6 88 0.00 63 336 83 100.00 32 31.48 5 213 0.00 266 70 41.46 86 39 0.13 12 149 59 69.65 2 85 0.00 Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Bulgaria 127 310 0.05 703 97 17.23 Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Burundi Burundi 164 10 14.50 58 7 6 86.79 15 21.23 250 17 57.31 307 14 70.89 10 431 296 61.95 8 131 0.00 23 5 85.64 77 6 0.00 1 613 92 28.01 China2 China China, Hong Kong Special Administrative 3 Region China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 127 191 93 19.75 585 82 0.00 China, Macao Special Administrative Region4 China, Macao Special Administrative Region Colombia Colombia 47 83 0.00 1 513 32 63.00 5 7 11.63 102 23 57.75 1 48 0.00 222 47 88.74 Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Croatia 547 25 22.82 321 75 64.28 Cuba Cuba Curaçao Curaçao 585 51 0.66 78 82 502 0.00 71 6.48 1 751 166 7.07 Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 612 25 70.18 888 12 99.59 Denmark5 Denmark Djibouti Djibouti 725 129 33.54 11 13 0.00 2 28 36.63 Algeria Algeria American Samoa American Samoa Andorra Andorra Angola Angola Anguilla Anguilla Antigua Barbuda Antigua andand Barbuda Austria Austria Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahamas Bahrain Bahrain Belize Belize Benin Benin Bermuda Bermuda Bhutan Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State Bolivia (Plurinational State of) of) Bonaire, Eustatius Saba Bonaire, SintSint Eustatius andand Saba Bosnia Herzegovina Bosnia andand Herzegovina Botswana Botswana Brazil Brazil British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands Cabo Verde Cabo Verde Cambodia Cambodia Cameroon Cameroon Canada Canada Cayman Islands Cayman Islands Central African Republic Central African Republic Chad Chad Chile Chile Comoros Comoros Congo Congo Cook Islands Cook Islands Costa Rica Costa Rica Cyprus Cyprus Czech Republic Czech Republic Dominica Dominica Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Ecuador Egypt Egypt El Salvador El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea 339 33 11.25 680 3 422 43 47.71 39 8.81 176 29 56.45 73 91 6.36 Eritrea Eritrea Estonia Estonia 34 7 258 195 4.18 1 394 15 99.91 9 179 38.57 1 258 33.33 31 36 62.00 1 374 10 597 252 19.54 166 17.02 French Guiana French Guiana French Polynesia French Polynesia 13 52 62.00 12 44 26.86 Gabon Gabon Gambia Gambia 99 60 37.50 Ethiopia Ethiopia Faeroe Islands Faeroe Islands Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Fiji Fiji Finland Finland France6 France Georgia Georgia Germany Germany 0.55 14 7 0.00 163 40 82.22 13 261 165 17.90 Ghana Ghana Gibraltar Gibraltar 316 12 63.10 8 245 0.00 Greece Greece Greenland7 Greenland 993 9 90 24.80 166 78.13 Grenada Grenada Guadeloupe Guadeloupe 5 43 0.00 33 70 14.81 Guam Guam Guatemala Guatemala ... ... 0.00 452 29 49.52 Guernsey Guernsey Guinea Guinea 0 6 0.00 145 12 48.44 29 17 0.00 34 45 0.00 Haiti Haiti Honduras Honduras 172 217 16 12.76 28 37.76 Hungary Hungary Iceland Iceland 947 95 3.26 312 957 99.97 33 195 26 14.97 8 754 35 12.19 9 172 119 5.71 Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Guyana Guyana India India Indonesia8 Indonesia (Islamic Republic IranIran (Islamic Republic of) of) IraqIraq Ireland Ireland of Man IsleIsle of Man Israel Israel 9 ItalyItaly Jamaica Jamaica Japan10 Japan Jersey Jersey Jordan Jordan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kenya Kenya Kiribati Kiribati Kuwait11 Kuwait 2 077 61 7.87 548 117 20.92 0 4 0.79 997 6 530 128 0.87 109 33.67 108 39 5.62 18 984 149 10.23 3 34 0.00 325 45 0.34 3 548 208 8.11 873 20 73.76 1 8 0.00 1 475 410 0.00 Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan People's Democratic Republic LaoLao People's Democratic Republic 167 85 29 93.48 13 93.29 Latvia Latvia Lebanon Lebanon 183 91 48.83 289 55 6.61 Lesotho Lesotho Liberia Liberia 48 23 100.00 0.00 83 19 Libya Libya Liechtenstein Liechtenstein 707 113 0.00 3 79 96.47 Lithuania Lithuania Luxembourg Luxembourg 282 95 41.03 168 307 45.53 Madagascar Madagascar Malawi Malawi 166 101 7 50.82 6 89.14 3 417 116 7.75 15 43 0.00 66 4 64.77 31 75 1.42 1 28 0.00 33 84 2.61 51 13 0.00 58 46 3.53 7 944 2 64 12.91 21 2.94 475 166 0.00 42 67 65.58 Malaysia Malaysia Maldives Maldives MaliMali Malta Malta Marshall Islands Marshall Islands Martinique Martinique Mauritania Mauritania Mauritius Mauritius Mexico Mexico Micronesia (Federated States Micronesia (Federated States of) of) Mongolia Mongolia Montenegro Montenegro Montserrat Montserrat Morocco Morocco Mozambique Mozambique Myanmar Myanmar Namibia Namibia Nauru Nauru Nepal Nepal Netherlands12 Netherlands New Caledonia New Caledonia New Zealand New Zealand Nicaragua Nicaragua Niger Niger Nigeria Nigeria Niue Niue 1 153 0.00 796 23 15.89 469 18 94.63 682 13 72.04 63 27 95.79 1 60 0.00 458 3 199 16 99.68 190 6.32 51 200 20.43 876 196 72.87 149 25 40.76 87 5 0.00 5 589 32 18.39 0.00 0 65 Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands Norway Norway ... ... 0.00 1 388 273 97.64 Oman Oman Pakistan Pakistan 1 015 2 868 260 0.00 16 31.88 Palau Palau Panama Panama 3 152 18.75 158 42 57.51 Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Paraguay Paraguay Peru Peru Philippines Philippines 144 20 23.95 228 35 100.00 858 28 51.97 1 781 18 26.17 Poland Poland Portugal13 Portugal 4 121 107 5.54 899 86 53.34 Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Qatar Qatar 56 1 396 15 1.08 664 0.00 11 007 221 2.28 93 23 5.08 59 70 28.30 Republic of Korea Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Republic of Moldova Réunion Réunion Romania Romania 1 339 68 34.38 30 709 214 17.29 95 9 35.84 Saint Helena Saint Helena Saint Nevis Saint KittsKitts andand Nevis 0 40 9.09 4 73 0.00 Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Saint Pierre Miquelon Saint Pierre andand Miquelon 6 1 33 0.00 162 2.13 Saint Vincent Grenadines Saint Vincent andand the the Grenadines Samoa Samoa 3 28 16.67 4 22 31.36 Tome Principe SaoSao Tome andand Principe 14 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 3 14 10.45 7 985 264 0.00 154 11 2.00 618 69 27.22 Russian Federation Russian Federation Rwanda Rwanda Senegal Senegal Serbia15 Serbia Seychelles Seychelles Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 9 94 1.98 67 11 64.02 1 120 12 207 0.00 327 0.00 711 131 20.22 287 139 31.86 6 11 0.00 126 12 0.00 South Africa South Africa South Sudan South Sudan 6 341 119 1.69 28 2 0.42 Spain16 Spain Lanka Sri Sri Lanka 4 923 106 37.97 388 61 19 59.57 14 0.00 608 16 78.41 34 65 22.02 49 39 40.68 2 044 212 46.60 1 113 136 57.75 542 28 11.57 106 13 99.74 5 336 79 4.31 former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia TheThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Timor-Leste 117 7 56 26.14 6 0.00 Togo Togo Tonga Tonga 134 19 80.18 3 28 0.00 Trinidad Tobago Trinidad andand Tobago Tunisia Tunisia 824 611 0.00 430 4 897 39 3.49 64 28.54 1 102 210 0.00 3 85 0.00 ... ... 0.00 Uganda Uganda Ukraine18 Ukraine 452 4 844 12 68.02 107 8.07 United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern 19 Ireland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2 710 300 0.00 7 920 124 10.60 Singapore Singapore Maarten (Dutch part) SintSint Maarten (Dutch part) Slovakia Slovakia Slovenia Slovenia Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Somalia Somalia State of Palestine State of Palestine Sudan Sudan Suriname Suriname Swaziland Swaziland Sweden Sweden Switzerland17 Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Tajikistan Thailand Thailand Turkey Turkey Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Turks Caicos Islands Turks andand Caicos Islands Tuvalu Tuvalu United Republic of Tanzania United Republic of Tanzania United States of America20 United States of America 994 20 31.07 90 838 286 11.57 ... ... 0.00 196 58 71.61 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vanuatu 1 798 62 21.33 3 10 14.71 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) of) Nam VietViet Nam 2 871 95 67.83 2 554 28 45.32 0 26 0.00 344 13 0.00 400 26 99.71 480 32 52.54 United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uruguay Wallis Futuna Islands Wallis andand Futuna Islands Yemen Yemen Zambia Zambia Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Sources: UNSD Energy Statistics Yearbook. See: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/energy/yearbook/default.htm Footnotes: 1 Excludes the overseas territories. 2 Data exclude Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province. 3 Data on kerosene-type jet fuel include aviation gasoline and other kerosene. 4 For confidentiality reasons, data on coal and coal products, jet fuel, petroleum coke and other petroleum products (2009-2012), stock changes of other kerosene (2010-12), exports of charcoal (2009-2012), and data on fuelwood (2010-2012) are not available. 5 Data exclude Greenland and the Danish Faroes. 6 Data include Monaco, and exclude the following overseas departments and territories: Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Reunion, and St. Pierre and Miquelon. 7 Data for kerosene-type jet fuel include other kerosene. 8 Data include Timor-Leste until 2001. 9 Data include San Marino and the Holy See. 10 Data include Okinawa. 11 The data for crude oil production include 50 per cent of the output of the Neutral Zone. 12 Data exclude Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. 13 Data include the Azores and Madeira. 14 Data for crude oil production include 50 per cent of the output of the Neutral Zone. 15 Data exclude Kosovo from 2000 onwards. 16 Data include the Canary Islands. 17 Data include Liechtenstein for oil statistics. 18 For confidentiality reasons, data on the following products (mainly on production) may not be available or may be included with other products: lignite (included with peat), patent fuel (included with peat briquettes), aviation gasoline, kerosene-type jet fuel, other kerosene, petroleum coke, paraffin waxes and white spirit (the latter three included with other oil products). 19 Shipments of coal and oil to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man from the United Kingdom are not classed as exports. Supplies of coal and oil to these islands are, therefore, included as part of UK supply. Exports of natural gas to the Isle of Man are included with the exports to Ireland. 20 Includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Oil statistics as well as coal trade statistics also include Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake Island and the Northern Mariana Islands. Definitions & Technical notes: The data on energy supply and renewable electricity production were compiled by the UNSD Energy Statistics Section for the Energy Statistics Yearbook. For more detailed information on these and other energy supply and production indicators please refer to the publication. Energy supply is defined as energy production plus imports minus exports minus international marine bunkers minus international aviation bunkers minus stock changes. Electricity production refers to gross production, which is the sum of the electrical energy production by all the generating units/installations concerned (including pumped storage) measured at the output terminals of the main generators. Renewable electricity production (%) refers to the proportion of total electricity produced that comes from a renewable origin. Electricity production refers to gross electricity production, which is the sum of the electrical energy production by all the generating units/installations concerned (including pumped storage) measured at the output terminals of the main generators. This includes the consumption by station auxiliaries and any losses in the transformers that are considered integral parts of the station. Renewable electricity production was calculated as the sum of electricity produced from hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, tide, wave and ocean sources. All electricity production from combustible fuels is considered non-renewable; therefore electricity produced from burning biomass or renewable waste is not included as renewable electricity in this table. However, this has been observed to be a relatively negligible proportion of electricity production in most cases. … denotes no data available. Data Quality: The data are compiled primarily from the annual energy questionnaire distributed by the United Nations Statistics Division and supplemented by official national statistical publications, as well as publications from international and regional organizations. Where official data are not available or are inconsistent, estimates are made by the Statistics Division based on governmental, professional or commercial materials. Estimates include, but are not limited to, extrapolated data based on partial year information, use of annual trends, trade data based on partner country reports, breakdowns of aggregated data and analysis of current energy events. For more information, visit http://unstats.un.org/unsd/energy/yearbook/default.htm.
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