Last Name 0 Divorce and Children SOCIALIZATION: CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENE Last Name 1 I. MAKING A SINGLE THESIS STATEMENT FROM EACH ARTICLE 1. Read the abstract of the article 2. Make a simple declarative statement(thesis) from the articles abstract: eg Amato 2006 One of the limitations of experimental studies on the effectiveness of premarital education is the reliance on samples of mostly White, middle-class couples. In contrast, although survey methods allow only weak inferences about causal relations, representative surveys can yield important information about use and estimated effects across a diverse population. Using a large random survey of 4 middle American states, the authors found that participation in premarital education was associated with higher levels of satisfaction and commitment in marriage and lower levels of conflict-and also reduced odds of divorce. These estimated effects were robust across race, income (including among the poor), and education levels, which suggests that participation in premarital education is generally beneficial for a wide range of couples. Premarital education decreases chances of divorce and conflict in marriages. (Amato: 2006) or (Amato et als: 2006) 3. Do this for each of your sources before you attempt your outline Last Name 2 References Abetz, Jenna and Tiffany R. Wang. 2017. “Were They Ever Really Happy the Way That I Remember?”: Exploring Sources of Uncertainty for Adult Children of Divorce.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 58(3):194–211. Last Name 3 Arkes, Jeremy. 2017. “Separating the Harmful Versus Beneficial Effects of Marital Disruptions on Children.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 58(7):526–41. C, Christopher 2017. “Long-Term Effects of a parenting preventive intervention on young adults' painful feelings about divorce.” Journal Of Family Psychology 31(7):799–809. Hagan, Melissa J., Linda J. Luecken, Kathryn L. Modecki, Irwin N. Sandler, and Sharlene A. Wolchik. 2016. “Childhood negative emotionality predicts biobehavioral dysregulation fifteen years later.” Emotion 16(6):877–85. Hashemi, Ladan and Halleh Homayuni. 2017. “Emotional Divorce: Child’s Well-Being.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 58(8):631–44. Joyce, Alexa N. 2016. “High-Conflict Divorce: A form of Child Neglect.” Family Court Review 54(4):642–56. Keller, Tamás. 2016. “The Power of Family? Change in Academic Achievement After Breakdown of the Biological Family.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 57(7):448–74. Miller, Paul A., Carrie A. Lloyd, and Rachelle Beard. 2017. “Preadolescents’ coping goals and strategies in response to postdivorce interparental conflict.” Qualitative Psychology 4(3):260–80. Sanford, K. and A. S. Rivers. 2017. “The Parting Parent Concern Inventory: Parents' appraisals correlate with divorced family functioning.” Jornal of Family Psychology 867–77. Qing, C., D. Wenyong, G. Yan, M. Chunxia, and M. Fu. 2017. “Analysis of Family Functioning and Parent-Child Relationship between Adolescents with Depression and their Parents. .” Shanghai Archives Of Psychiatry 29(6):359–66. Last Name 4 *Abstracts* Abetz, Jenna and Tiffany R. Wang. 2017. “Were They Ever Really Happy the Way That I Remember?”: Exploring Sources of Uncertainty for Adult Children of Divorce.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 58(3):194–211. This study relies on interviews of adult children of divorce (ACOD) and the lens of uncertainty management theory to understand how ACOD construct and negotiate the uncertainty they face. Through our inductive analysis, we identified 4 major sources of uncertainty faced by ACOD: length of parental unhappiness, taking on new roles, navigating holidays and family events, and being caught in the middle. Exploring how this uncertainty is talked about and managed offers a theoretically and practically insightful glimpse into the meaning and sense-making processes as these individuals cope with one of the most prevalent and challenging events faced by families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Arkes, Jeremy. 2017. “Separating the Harmful Versus Beneficial Effects of Marital Disruptions on Children.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 58(7):526–41. Although a marital disruption can certainly be harmful for some children, it might be beneficial to other children. Analyses on how children are affected by marital disruptions typically capture the average estimated effects (or associations) of a disruption on an outcome. Thus, the harmful effects of the disruption on some children are being averaged with the neutral and beneficial effects on other children. This could mute the estimated effect, and it could prevent the detection of significant harmful (or beneficial) effects. Using achievement test scores and an index of behavioral problems in a first-difference framework, I find evidence for the standard approach having muted estimated effects and failing to detect significant effects when the same data produce significant isolated harmful effects C, Christopher 2017. “Long-Term Effects of a parenting preventive intervention on young adults' painful feelings about divorce.” Journal Of Family Psychology 31(7):799–809. This study examined whether the New Beginnings Program (NBP), a parenting preventive intervention for divorced mothers that was designed to reduce children's postdivorce mental health problems, reduced painful feelings about Last Name 5 divorce in young adults whose families had participated 15 years earlier. This study also explored whether NBP participation reduced the relations between young adults' painful feelings about divorce and their concurrent internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problems. Participants (M = 25.6 years; 50% female; 88% Caucasian) were from 240 families that had been recruited into a randomized experimental trial (NBP vs. literature control). Data from the pretest and 15-year follow-up were used. NBP participants reported less feelings of seeing life through a filter of divorce (e.g., thinking about how the divorce causes continued struggles for them) than those in the control condition. Program effects on maternal blame and acceptance of the divorce were moderated by pretest risk, a composite of divorce-related stressors and externalizing problems. NBP participants with elevated risk at program entry had lower levels of maternal blame. Program participation was associated with higher acceptance for those with elevated risk at program entry but lower acceptance for those with low risk at program entry. Program participation decreased the relations between maternal blame, acceptance of the divorce and filter of divorce and some, but not all, of the adjustment outcomes. These findings suggest that programs designed to help families after divorce have benefits in terms of long-term feelings about parental divorce as well as their relations with adjustment problems. Hagan, Melissa J., Linda J. Luecken, Kathryn L. Modecki, Irwin N. Sandler, and Sharlene A. Wolchik. 2016. “Childhood negative emotionality predicts biobehavioral dysregulation fifteen years later.” Emotion 16(6):877–85. The temperamental trait of negative emotionality (NE) plays an important role in maladaptation among adults experiencing significant life stress. However, the prospective relation between childhood NE and subsequent interrelated behavioral, emotional, and biological dysregulation in later life has not yet been established among children who experience early adversity. Using a longitudinal sample of youth who experienced parental divorce during childhood (N = 160; 53% male; 83% White), we tested the hypothesis that childhood NE would predict physiological, emotional, and behavioral dysregulation 15 years later. NE was assessed by maternal report when youth were between 9 and 12 years old. Fifteen years later, young adults (mean age = 25.55 years) participated in a psychosocial stress task to assess cortisol reactivity and reported on internalizing symptoms and problematic alcohol use. Structural equation modeling revealed that higher childhood NE predicted significantly greater alcohol use, internalizing symptoms, and total cortisol output during a stress task 15 years later. Importantly, these findings held after adjusting for childhood internalizing symptoms. In addition, problematic alcohol use was associated with greater Last Name 6 cortisol reactivity and internalizing symptoms. Findings suggest that childhood NE is a critical risk marker for interrelated forms of dysregulation in young adulthood among at-risk youth Hashemi, Ladan and Halleh Homayuni. 2017. “Emotional Divorce: Child’s Well-Being.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 58(8):631–44. The effects of parental emotional divorce on the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression in children, as measured by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) and Aggression Questionnaire were studied. The measures were administered to a sample of 81 Iranian children ranging in age from 10 to 12 years old; 50 were in the legal divorce group and 31 were in the emotional divorce group. Children of emotionally divorced parents showed significantly higher levels of emotional and behavioral problems than counterparts from legally divorced parents. They reported more depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression. Additionally, moderate, severe, and extremely severe levels of emotional and behavioral problems were more common among emotional divorce children than legal divorce ones. In conclusion, the findings clearly showed that emotional divorce is more harmful than legal divorce. The differences between emotionally divorced and legally divorced families and the diversity of emotional and behavioral reactions among their children are discussed Joyce, Alexa N. 2016. “High-Conflict Divorce: A form of Child Neglect.” Family Court Review 54(4):642–56. In high‐conflict divorce cases, the emotional toll on the family unit is unquestionably destructive. While the physical and mental health of the children should be the primary focus, the emotional turmoil of a high‐conflict divorce often moves the focus away from the children as parents struggle emotionally and financially. Although the best interests of the children are always in the judicial purview, the repeated, lengthy, and hostile litigation process often associated with high‐conflict dissolution has lasting effects on the physical and mental health of children, similar to those associated with physical abuse and neglect. Child Protective Services (CPS) must step in and protect the emotional well‐being of children during high‐conflict divorce cases. Keller, Tamás. 2016. “The Power of Family? Change in Academic Achievement After Breakdown of the Biological Family.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 57(7):448–74. The article focuses on a study regarding impact of breakdown of the biological family or divorce on changing circumstances and pupils' academic achievement. It mentions that changing circumstances are reflected in the Last Name 7 decline in school achievement of pupils. It also mentions that intact and broken biological families are interpreted as a sign of damaged emotional stability. Miller, Paul A., Carrie A. Lloyd, and Rachelle Beard. 2017. “Preadolescents’ coping goals and strategies in response to postdivorce interparental conflict.” Qualitative Psychology 4(3):260–80. Researchers have focused on preadolescents’ appraisals, coping, and adjustment in the context of postdivorce interparental conflict, but have yet to assess their goals in these events. Fifty 9- to 12-year-old (52% female) preadolescents were interviewed to assess their goals for the coping strategies that they reported using in response to interparental conflict at home. The patterns observed were consistent with goal-oriented research in the peer conflict literature. Preadolescents reported goal orientations that matched (i.e., were functionally similar to) their respective behaviorally-based coping strategies, multiple goals for the same type of coping strategy, and multiple coping strategies for the same goal orientation. Relative to other coping strategies, preadolescents were more likely to choose a matching coping strategy to obtain social support, maintain self-boundary, and distraction goals. Relative to other goals, preadolescents’ matching goal-strategy pairs occurred more frequently than did nonmatching pairs, but these pairings accounted for about only 1/3 of the goals reported for a given strategy. Emotion regulation goal orientations were reported more often than any other goal, which highlighted their importance in preadolescents coping with parental conflict. Finally, preadolescents’ coping efforts were chosen for objectives beyond traditional category systems of coping, such as the personal characteristics of family members and others, helping others, and threats to self and others. Thus, the assessment of preadolescents’ goals may improve our understanding of the motivations underlying their appraisals and coping strategies as they seek to adapt to interparental conflict environments. Sanford, K. and A. S. Rivers. 2017. “The Parting Parent Concern Inventory: Parents' appraisals correlate with divorced family functioning.” Jornal of Family Psychology 867–77. When married parents go through a divorce, they may have concerns in 6 areas that are associated with postdivorce family adjustment. These include concerns about malice, power, custody, child rejection, esteem, and finances. The Parting Parent Concern Inventory assesses these concerns. It was developed in a series of preliminary studies, and this report focuses on results from 2 subsequent validation studies including 643 divorced parents with at least 1 child from their former marriage under the age of 18. Participants completed Internet assessments of their concerns and 14 Last Name 8 different convergent validity criterion variables regarding aspects of child internalizing behavior, coparenting relationships, settlement outcomes, and personal well-being. Across both studies, the new measure of concerns fit an expected 6-dimensional factor structure. A total of 25 convergent validity correlations were tested, and all were significant. The distinctiveness of each concern scale was supported by the fact that all but 1 convergent association remained significant after controlling for variance explained by other concern scales. These results provide preliminary validation support for the new instrument. Qing, C., D. Wenyong, G. Yan, M. Chunxia, and M. Fu. 2017. “Analysis of Family Functioning and Parent-Child Relationship between Adolescents with Depression and their Parents. .” Shanghai Archives Of Psychiatry 29(6):359–66. Background: Drug therapy combined with family therapy is currently the best treatment for adolescent depression. Nevertheless, family therapy requires an exploration of unresolved problems in the family system, which in practice presents certain difficulties. Previous studies have found that the perceptual differences of family function between parents and children reflect the problems in the family system. Aims: To explore the characteristics and role of family functioning and parent-child relationship between adolescents with depressive disorder and their parents. Methods: The general information and clinical data of the 93 adolescents with depression were collected. The Family Functioning Assessment Scale and Parent-child Relationship Scale were used to assess adolescents with depressive disorder and their parents. Results: a) The dimensions of family functioning in adolescents with depressive disorder were more negative in communication, emotional response, emotional involvement, roles, and overall functioning than their parents. The differences were statistically significant. Parent-child relationship dimensions: the closeness and parent-child total scores were more negative compared with the parents and the differences were statistically significant. b) All dimensions of parent-child relationship and family functioning in adolescents with depression except the time spent together were negatively correlated or significantly negatively correlated. c) The results of multivariate regression analysis showed: the characteristics of family functioning, emotional Last Name 9 involvement, emotional response, family structure, and income of the adolescents with depressive disorder mainly affected the parent-child relationship. Conclusions: There were perceptual differences in partial family functioning and parent-child relationship between adolescents with depressive disorder and their parents. Unclear roles between family members, mutual entanglement, too much or too little emotional investment, negligence of inner feelings, parental divorce, and low average monthly family income were the main factors causing adverse parent-child relationship. These perceptual differences have a relatively good predictive effect on family problems, and can be used as an important guide for exploring the family relationship in family therapy.
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