Last Name 0
Divorce and Children
SOCIALIZATION: CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENE
Last Name 1
I.
MAKING A SINGLE THESIS STATEMENT FROM
EACH ARTICLE
1. Read the abstract of the article
2. Make a simple declarative statement(thesis) from the articles abstract: eg Amato 2006
One of the limitations of experimental studies on the effectiveness of premarital education is the
reliance on samples of mostly White, middle-class couples. In contrast, although survey methods allow only
weak inferences about causal relations, representative surveys can yield important information about use and
estimated effects across a diverse population. Using a large random survey of 4 middle American states, the
authors found that participation in premarital education was associated with higher levels of satisfaction and
commitment in marriage and lower levels of conflict-and also reduced odds of divorce. These estimated effects
were robust across race, income (including among the poor), and education levels, which suggests that
participation in premarital education is generally beneficial for a wide range of couples.
Premarital education decreases chances of divorce and conflict in marriages. (Amato: 2006) or
(Amato et als: 2006)
3. Do this for each of your sources before you attempt your outline
Last Name 2
References
Abetz, Jenna and Tiffany R. Wang. 2017. “Were They Ever Really Happy the Way That I
Remember?”: Exploring Sources of Uncertainty for Adult Children of Divorce.” Journal of
Divorce & Remarriage 58(3):194–211.
Last Name 3
Arkes, Jeremy. 2017. “Separating the Harmful Versus Beneficial Effects of Marital Disruptions on
Children.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 58(7):526–41.
C, Christopher 2017. “Long-Term Effects of a parenting preventive intervention on young adults'
painful feelings about divorce.” Journal Of Family Psychology 31(7):799–809.
Hagan, Melissa J., Linda J. Luecken, Kathryn L. Modecki, Irwin N. Sandler, and Sharlene A.
Wolchik. 2016. “Childhood negative emotionality predicts biobehavioral dysregulation fifteen
years later.” Emotion 16(6):877–85.
Hashemi, Ladan and Halleh Homayuni. 2017. “Emotional Divorce: Child’s Well-Being.” Journal of
Divorce & Remarriage 58(8):631–44.
Joyce, Alexa N. 2016. “High-Conflict Divorce: A form of Child Neglect.” Family Court Review
54(4):642–56.
Keller, Tamás. 2016. “The Power of Family? Change in Academic Achievement After Breakdown
of the Biological Family.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 57(7):448–74.
Miller, Paul A., Carrie A. Lloyd, and Rachelle Beard. 2017. “Preadolescents’ coping goals and
strategies in response to postdivorce interparental conflict.” Qualitative Psychology 4(3):260–80.
Sanford, K. and A. S. Rivers. 2017. “The Parting Parent Concern Inventory: Parents' appraisals
correlate with divorced family functioning.” Jornal of Family Psychology 867–77.
Qing, C., D. Wenyong, G. Yan, M. Chunxia, and M. Fu. 2017. “Analysis of Family Functioning and
Parent-Child Relationship between Adolescents with Depression and their Parents. .” Shanghai
Archives Of Psychiatry 29(6):359–66.
Last Name 4
*Abstracts*
Abetz, Jenna and Tiffany R. Wang. 2017. “Were They Ever Really Happy the Way That I
Remember?”: Exploring Sources of Uncertainty for Adult Children of Divorce.” Journal of
Divorce & Remarriage 58(3):194–211.
This study relies on interviews of adult children of divorce (ACOD) and the lens of uncertainty management theory to
understand how ACOD construct and negotiate the uncertainty they face. Through our inductive analysis, we
identified 4 major sources of uncertainty faced by ACOD: length of parental unhappiness, taking on new roles,
navigating holidays and family events, and being caught in the middle. Exploring how this uncertainty is talked about
and managed offers a theoretically and practically insightful glimpse into the meaning and sense-making processes
as these individuals cope with one of the most prevalent and challenging events faced by families. [ABSTRACT
FROM AUTHOR]
Arkes, Jeremy. 2017. “Separating the Harmful Versus Beneficial Effects of Marital Disruptions on
Children.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 58(7):526–41.
Although a marital disruption can certainly be harmful for some children, it might be beneficial to other children. Analyses
on how children are affected by marital disruptions typically capture the average estimated effects (or associations) of
a disruption on an outcome. Thus, the harmful effects of the disruption on some children are being averaged with the
neutral and beneficial effects on other children. This could mute the estimated effect, and it could prevent the
detection of significant harmful (or beneficial) effects. Using achievement test scores and an index of behavioral
problems in a first-difference framework, I find evidence for the standard approach having muted estimated effects
and failing to detect significant effects when the same data produce significant isolated harmful effects
C, Christopher 2017. “Long-Term Effects of a parenting preventive intervention on young adults'
painful feelings about divorce.” Journal Of Family Psychology 31(7):799–809.
This study examined whether the New Beginnings Program (NBP), a parenting preventive intervention for divorced
mothers that was designed to reduce children's postdivorce mental health problems, reduced painful feelings about
Last Name 5
divorce in young adults whose families had participated 15 years earlier. This study also explored whether NBP
participation reduced the relations between young adults' painful feelings about divorce and their concurrent
internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problems. Participants (M = 25.6 years; 50% female; 88% Caucasian)
were from 240 families that had been recruited into a randomized experimental trial (NBP vs. literature control). Data
from the pretest and 15-year follow-up were used. NBP participants reported less feelings of seeing life through a
filter of divorce (e.g., thinking about how the divorce causes continued struggles for them) than those in the control
condition. Program effects on maternal blame and acceptance of the divorce were moderated by pretest risk, a
composite of divorce-related stressors and externalizing problems. NBP participants with elevated risk at program
entry had lower levels of maternal blame. Program participation was associated with higher acceptance for those with
elevated risk at program entry but lower acceptance for those with low risk at program entry. Program participation
decreased the relations between maternal blame, acceptance of the divorce and filter of divorce and some, but not
all, of the adjustment outcomes. These findings suggest that programs designed to help families after divorce have
benefits in terms of long-term feelings about parental divorce as well as their relations with adjustment problems.
Hagan, Melissa J., Linda J. Luecken, Kathryn L. Modecki, Irwin N. Sandler, and Sharlene A.
Wolchik. 2016. “Childhood negative emotionality predicts biobehavioral dysregulation fifteen
years later.” Emotion 16(6):877–85.
The temperamental trait of negative emotionality (NE) plays an important role in maladaptation among adults
experiencing significant life stress. However, the prospective relation between childhood NE and subsequent
interrelated behavioral, emotional, and biological dysregulation in later life has not yet been established among
children who experience early adversity. Using a longitudinal sample of youth who experienced parental divorce
during childhood (N = 160; 53% male; 83% White), we tested the hypothesis that childhood NE would predict
physiological, emotional, and behavioral dysregulation 15 years later. NE was assessed by maternal report when
youth were between 9 and 12 years old. Fifteen years later, young adults (mean age = 25.55 years) participated in a
psychosocial stress task to assess cortisol reactivity and reported on internalizing symptoms and problematic alcohol
use. Structural equation modeling revealed that higher childhood NE predicted significantly greater alcohol use,
internalizing symptoms, and total cortisol output during a stress task 15 years later. Importantly, these findings held
after adjusting for childhood internalizing symptoms. In addition, problematic alcohol use was associated with greater
Last Name 6
cortisol reactivity and internalizing symptoms. Findings suggest that childhood NE is a critical risk marker for
interrelated forms of dysregulation in young adulthood among at-risk youth
Hashemi, Ladan and Halleh Homayuni. 2017. “Emotional Divorce: Child’s Well-Being.” Journal of
Divorce & Remarriage 58(8):631–44.
The effects of parental emotional divorce on the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression in children, as
measured by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) and Aggression Questionnaire were studied. The
measures were administered to a sample of 81 Iranian children ranging in age from 10 to 12 years old; 50 were in the
legal divorce group and 31 were in the emotional divorce group. Children of emotionally divorced parents showed
significantly higher levels of emotional and behavioral problems than counterparts from legally divorced parents. They
reported more depression, anxiety, stress, and aggression. Additionally, moderate, severe, and extremely severe
levels of emotional and behavioral problems were more common among emotional divorce children than legal divorce
ones. In conclusion, the findings clearly showed that emotional divorce is more harmful than legal divorce. The
differences between emotionally divorced and legally divorced families and the diversity of emotional and behavioral
reactions among their children are discussed
Joyce, Alexa N. 2016. “High-Conflict Divorce: A form of Child Neglect.” Family Court Review
54(4):642–56.
In high‐conflict divorce cases, the emotional toll on the family unit is unquestionably destructive. While the physical and
mental health of the children should be the primary focus, the emotional turmoil of a high‐conflict divorce often moves
the focus away from the children as parents struggle emotionally and financially. Although the best interests of the
children are always in the judicial purview, the repeated, lengthy, and hostile litigation process often associated with
high‐conflict dissolution has lasting effects on the physical and mental health of children, similar to those associated
with physical abuse and neglect. Child Protective Services (CPS) must step in and protect the emotional well‐being of
children during high‐conflict divorce cases.
Keller, Tamás. 2016. “The Power of Family? Change in Academic Achievement After Breakdown
of the Biological Family.” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 57(7):448–74.
The article focuses on a study regarding impact of breakdown of the biological family or divorce on changing
circumstances and pupils' academic achievement. It mentions that changing circumstances are reflected in the
Last Name 7
decline in school achievement of pupils. It also mentions that intact and broken biological families are interpreted as a
sign of damaged emotional stability.
Miller, Paul A., Carrie A. Lloyd, and Rachelle Beard. 2017. “Preadolescents’ coping goals and
strategies in response to postdivorce interparental conflict.” Qualitative Psychology 4(3):260–80.
Researchers have focused on preadolescents’ appraisals, coping, and adjustment in the context of postdivorce
interparental conflict, but have yet to assess their goals in these events. Fifty 9- to 12-year-old (52% female)
preadolescents were interviewed to assess their goals for the coping strategies that they reported using in response
to interparental conflict at home. The patterns observed were consistent with goal-oriented research in the peer
conflict literature. Preadolescents reported goal orientations that matched (i.e., were functionally similar to) their
respective behaviorally-based coping strategies, multiple goals for the same type of coping strategy, and multiple
coping strategies for the same goal orientation. Relative to other coping strategies, preadolescents were more likely
to choose a matching coping strategy to obtain social support, maintain self-boundary, and distraction goals. Relative
to other goals, preadolescents’ matching goal-strategy pairs occurred more frequently than did nonmatching pairs,
but these pairings accounted for about only 1/3 of the goals reported for a given strategy. Emotion regulation goal
orientations were reported more often than any other goal, which highlighted their importance in preadolescents
coping with parental conflict. Finally, preadolescents’ coping efforts were chosen for objectives beyond traditional
category systems of coping, such as the personal characteristics of family members and others, helping others, and
threats to self and others. Thus, the assessment of preadolescents’ goals may improve our understanding of the
motivations underlying their appraisals and coping strategies as they seek to adapt to interparental conflict
environments.
Sanford, K. and A. S. Rivers. 2017. “The Parting Parent Concern Inventory: Parents' appraisals
correlate with divorced family functioning.” Jornal of Family Psychology 867–77.
When married parents go through a divorce, they may have concerns in 6 areas that are associated with postdivorce
family adjustment. These include concerns about malice, power, custody, child rejection, esteem, and finances. The
Parting Parent Concern Inventory assesses these concerns. It was developed in a series of preliminary studies, and
this report focuses on results from 2 subsequent validation studies including 643 divorced parents with at least 1 child
from their former marriage under the age of 18. Participants completed Internet assessments of their concerns and 14
Last Name 8
different convergent validity criterion variables regarding aspects of child internalizing behavior, coparenting
relationships, settlement outcomes, and personal well-being. Across both studies, the new measure of concerns fit an
expected 6-dimensional factor structure. A total of 25 convergent validity correlations were tested, and all were
significant. The distinctiveness of each concern scale was supported by the fact that all but 1 convergent association
remained significant after controlling for variance explained by other concern scales. These results provide
preliminary validation support for the new instrument.
Qing, C., D. Wenyong, G. Yan, M. Chunxia, and M. Fu. 2017. “Analysis of Family Functioning and
Parent-Child Relationship between Adolescents with Depression and their Parents. .” Shanghai
Archives Of Psychiatry 29(6):359–66.
Background: Drug therapy combined with family therapy is currently the best treatment for
adolescent depression. Nevertheless, family therapy requires an exploration of unresolved
problems in the family system, which in practice presents certain difficulties. Previous studies
have found that the perceptual differences of family function between parents and children
reflect the problems in the family system.
Aims: To explore the characteristics and role of family functioning and parent-child relationship
between adolescents with depressive disorder and their parents.
Methods: The general information and clinical data of the 93 adolescents with depression were
collected. The Family Functioning Assessment Scale and Parent-child Relationship Scale were
used to assess adolescents with depressive disorder and their parents.
Results: a) The dimensions of family functioning in adolescents with depressive disorder were more
negative in communication, emotional response, emotional involvement, roles, and overall
functioning than their parents. The differences were statistically significant. Parent-child
relationship dimensions: the closeness and parent-child total scores were more negative
compared with the parents and the differences were statistically significant. b) All dimensions of
parent-child relationship and family functioning in adolescents with depression except the time
spent together were negatively correlated or significantly negatively correlated. c) The results of
multivariate regression analysis showed: the characteristics of family functioning, emotional
Last Name 9
involvement, emotional response, family structure, and income of the adolescents with
depressive disorder mainly affected the parent-child relationship.
Conclusions: There were perceptual differences in partial family functioning and parent-child
relationship between adolescents with depressive disorder and their parents. Unclear roles
between family members, mutual entanglement, too much or too little emotional investment,
negligence of inner feelings, parental divorce, and low average monthly family income were the
main factors causing adverse parent-child relationship. These perceptual differences have a
relatively good predictive effect on family problems, and can be used as an important guide for
exploring the family relationship in family therapy.
Purchase answer to see full
attachment