Description
- Calculate the %Ionic Character for the following: MgO, GaP and FeO.
- What type of bonding would you expect for each of the following materials:
- Alumina
- Brass
- Natural Rubber
- Teflon
- Steel
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pH Scale by the Method of Successive Dilutions Paper
http://chemcollective.org/vlab/100
Objective:
It is fairly common knowledge that neutral water has a pH of 7, acids have ...
pH Scale by the Method of Successive Dilutions Paper
http://chemcollective.org/vlab/100
Objective:
It is fairly common knowledge that neutral water has a pH of 7, acids have a pH <7 and bases have a pH>7, but few people understand this in terms of the actual hydronium ion concentration. Our objective is to develop an understanding of logarithmic scales by developing a pH scale
Background:
The pH scale describes the hydronium ion concentration in aqueous systems
pH = -log[H3O+]
[H3O+] = 10-pH = 1/10pH
The Method of Successive Dilutions is an experimental technique for preparing a series of solutions of different concentrations from one volume of stock solution.
Lets look at a series of half dilutions.
With the virtual lab fill 5 flasks with a constant amount of water (less than half the volume of the flask), for simplicity, we will use 20 ml, but any amount will do.
*Virtual Lab Tip* - Right Click on each flask and label it
Now add the same amount of stock 1M HCl to the first flask (20 mL), and note that the concentration has been diluted in half, [H3O+] = 0.500M or 1/2 (1/21) the original molarity.
From this flask transfer 20 mL to the second flask and note the it has been diluted in half again,[H3O+]= 0.250M or is one fourth (1/22) the concentration of the original stock solution. ( one screenshot here)
Repeating this procedure with the remaining 3 flasks gives:
3rd dilution: [H3O+] = 0.12500 or 1/8 (1/23) the original stock molarity (one screenshot here)
4th dilution: [H3O+] = 0.06250 or 1/16 (1/24) the original stock molarity (one screenshot here)
5th dilution: [H3O+] = 0.03125 or 1/32 (1/25) the original stock solution. (one screenshot here)
Lets look at this in more detail:
[H3O+] = 2-n = 1/2n
Where n is the number of successive dilutions and by using a dilution factor of one to two, you have come up with a log base 2 scale.
Question: Would changing the volume of the original stock solution and the incremental dilution volumes to a new constant value effect the successive concentrations. Say by starting with 10 mL and transferring 10 mL increments? If you say yes, repeat the above with 10 mL increments and explain. ANSWER THIS QUESTION IN COMPLETE SENTENCES. NO PLAGIARISM. IF YOU DO ANY EXPERIMENTS FOR THIS QUESTION, PLEASE SCREENSHOT THE RESULTS.
Environmental science help please
Environmental Invaders Portfolio
1. Research en ...
Environmental science help please
Environmental Invaders Portfolio
1. Research environmental invaders on the Internet or on the Web sites suggested below.
http://www.ucsusa.org http://www.nps.gov http://desertmuseum.org
2. After researching, choose one invader and answer the following questions in essay form.
How does the invader you chose adversely affect the environment it is now in?
How do you suppose the invader was introduced into that environment?
What dangers do you think this invader will cause if it continues to live in the new environment?
Can you suggest any possible solutions for this invader?
instructions and websites to help search
Santa Monica College Accelerated Modern Human Induced Species Losses Article Discussion
Online access ARTICLE: http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/5/e1400253.fullThis is a peer-reviewed article, meaning it ...
Santa Monica College Accelerated Modern Human Induced Species Losses Article Discussion
Online access ARTICLE: http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/5/e1400253.fullThis is a peer-reviewed article, meaning it was reviewed by research experts before it was approved for publishing. You will notice that this type of article is written in a language that is, likely, not familiar to us. You should not expect to understand it on your first read. Allow yourself to read it at least twice before starting your summaryA summary of this article should be written by answering the questions below. This summary should be handed in individually. The extension Turnitin.com will be used to compare answers; any copied or highly similar answer will not be graded. This, obviously, exempts short answers (up to a sentence long) that were retrieved from the text.Answers should be paraphrased, not copied directly from the text. Answers directly copied from the text will also not be graded (the same exception applies). Answers should, instead, be paraphrased/written in your own words.Answer the following questions:How did this peer-reviewed article differ from every-day, news articles? Which questions were addressed by the authors for this particular paper?What does “empirically derived” mean?How do the authors justify the questions asked?What is considered to be “modern extinction”?What are the five vertebrate taxa considered in this study?The authors focused on using conservative rates of modern extinction in order to avoid skepticism and to see if the use of the term “6th mass extinction” is still justified. They used two different categories: “highly conservative rates” and “conservative rates”. What were the criteria used for each category (see Table 1)?Why is 1900 considered separately from 1500 as the time for modern extinction rates?Answer the authors’ three research questions.According to the authors, how does the loss of biodiversity affect human well-being?Outside of human well-being, why do you think we should care about the loss of biodiversity?Do the authors believe that the exceptionally rapid loss of species (6th mass extinction) is still a questionable (controvertible) issue? Justify.On a human time scale, do the authors consider the loss of biodiversity (and biodiversity benefits) permanent? Why or why not?We've learned earlier this semester that mass extinction is one of the events leading to adaptive radiation. Why should the 6th mass extinction be seen as particularly alarming rather than just a means to adaptive radiation?What suggestions do the authors make to avoid such loss (specifically, what are three notably important issues that must be urgently dealt with)?
GCCCD Unit 2 Paramedical Microbiology Paper
Biology 152: Paramedical MicrobiologyStudy Guide: UNIT 2Reading: Tortora Chapters 3, 4, pp. 367-374Items in Red and Bold: ...
GCCCD Unit 2 Paramedical Microbiology Paper
Biology 152: Paramedical MicrobiologyStudy Guide: UNIT 2Reading: Tortora Chapters 3, 4, pp. 367-374Items in Red and Bold: may not be covered in class, so you will need to look up this information in the text (Tortora)Define the following terms: bacteriophage taxis axial filament chemotaxisfimbriae phototaxis pili plasmidAnswer the following questions: 1. Compare and contrast the following different types of microscopy, and give an example of how each would be used:a. compound light (brightfield) microscopeb. phase contrast microscopyc. fluorescence microscopyd. transmission electron microscopye. scanning electron microscopy. 2. If you are looking at an organism that is 40 μm in length, what is its length in millimeters? 3. Organize the following in order by size (largest to smallest), and estimate a metric size range for each of them. Describe what type of microscope would be used to view each of them. a. protein molecule b. mosquito c. bluebird d. white blood cell e. Staphylococcus epidermidis (bacterial cell) 4. Identify the three basic shapes of bacteria. What specific arrangements of cocci and bacilli are found? (streptococci, etc) 5. Describe the basic structure and components of a prokaryotic cell including the cell wall, membrane, nucleoid, ribosomes, inclusions, and endospores. 6. How do the cell walls of Mycoplasma, the Archaea and Mycobacterium differ from the cell walls of most other bacteria? 7. Describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells. 8. Review the structure and function of the components of a typical eukaryotic cell. Be able to differentiate between plant and animal cells (this was covered in Bio 130 and should be a review). 9. Describe the function and structure of each of the following components of viruses: nucleic acid, capsid, capsomeres, envelope, spikes. 10. Describe the four basic types of virus morphology. 11. Describe the structure of peptidoglycan. What is the major advantage conferred by a bacterial cell wall made of peptidoglycan? What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?12. Compare and contrast the composition and characteristics of the cell wall of gram negative and gram positive cells. 13. What type of toxin is LPS, and how does it contribute to the pathogenicity ofGram negative bacteria? 14. Compare and contrast Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cell walls interms of their sensitivity to desiccation (drying out), physicaldisruption, lysozyme, and penicillin.15. Describe the steps of the gram stain, and know why gram + and gram - cells stain differently. 16. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses with regardsto size, complexity, general structure, where genetic material is located, andwhether or not they are acellular, unicellular, or multicellular. 17. Explain why bacteria cannot be identified based on morphology alone. 18. Compare and contrast the two forms of glycocalyx. Where is the glycocalyx foundin the cell? What type of molecule is the glycocalyx made of? What are the
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Most Popular Content
pH Scale by the Method of Successive Dilutions Paper
http://chemcollective.org/vlab/100
Objective:
It is fairly common knowledge that neutral water has a pH of 7, acids have ...
pH Scale by the Method of Successive Dilutions Paper
http://chemcollective.org/vlab/100
Objective:
It is fairly common knowledge that neutral water has a pH of 7, acids have a pH <7 and bases have a pH>7, but few people understand this in terms of the actual hydronium ion concentration. Our objective is to develop an understanding of logarithmic scales by developing a pH scale
Background:
The pH scale describes the hydronium ion concentration in aqueous systems
pH = -log[H3O+]
[H3O+] = 10-pH = 1/10pH
The Method of Successive Dilutions is an experimental technique for preparing a series of solutions of different concentrations from one volume of stock solution.
Lets look at a series of half dilutions.
With the virtual lab fill 5 flasks with a constant amount of water (less than half the volume of the flask), for simplicity, we will use 20 ml, but any amount will do.
*Virtual Lab Tip* - Right Click on each flask and label it
Now add the same amount of stock 1M HCl to the first flask (20 mL), and note that the concentration has been diluted in half, [H3O+] = 0.500M or 1/2 (1/21) the original molarity.
From this flask transfer 20 mL to the second flask and note the it has been diluted in half again,[H3O+]= 0.250M or is one fourth (1/22) the concentration of the original stock solution. ( one screenshot here)
Repeating this procedure with the remaining 3 flasks gives:
3rd dilution: [H3O+] = 0.12500 or 1/8 (1/23) the original stock molarity (one screenshot here)
4th dilution: [H3O+] = 0.06250 or 1/16 (1/24) the original stock molarity (one screenshot here)
5th dilution: [H3O+] = 0.03125 or 1/32 (1/25) the original stock solution. (one screenshot here)
Lets look at this in more detail:
[H3O+] = 2-n = 1/2n
Where n is the number of successive dilutions and by using a dilution factor of one to two, you have come up with a log base 2 scale.
Question: Would changing the volume of the original stock solution and the incremental dilution volumes to a new constant value effect the successive concentrations. Say by starting with 10 mL and transferring 10 mL increments? If you say yes, repeat the above with 10 mL increments and explain. ANSWER THIS QUESTION IN COMPLETE SENTENCES. NO PLAGIARISM. IF YOU DO ANY EXPERIMENTS FOR THIS QUESTION, PLEASE SCREENSHOT THE RESULTS.
Environmental science help please
Environmental Invaders Portfolio
1. Research en ...
Environmental science help please
Environmental Invaders Portfolio
1. Research environmental invaders on the Internet or on the Web sites suggested below.
http://www.ucsusa.org http://www.nps.gov http://desertmuseum.org
2. After researching, choose one invader and answer the following questions in essay form.
How does the invader you chose adversely affect the environment it is now in?
How do you suppose the invader was introduced into that environment?
What dangers do you think this invader will cause if it continues to live in the new environment?
Can you suggest any possible solutions for this invader?
instructions and websites to help search
Santa Monica College Accelerated Modern Human Induced Species Losses Article Discussion
Online access ARTICLE: http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/5/e1400253.fullThis is a peer-reviewed article, meaning it ...
Santa Monica College Accelerated Modern Human Induced Species Losses Article Discussion
Online access ARTICLE: http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/5/e1400253.fullThis is a peer-reviewed article, meaning it was reviewed by research experts before it was approved for publishing. You will notice that this type of article is written in a language that is, likely, not familiar to us. You should not expect to understand it on your first read. Allow yourself to read it at least twice before starting your summaryA summary of this article should be written by answering the questions below. This summary should be handed in individually. The extension Turnitin.com will be used to compare answers; any copied or highly similar answer will not be graded. This, obviously, exempts short answers (up to a sentence long) that were retrieved from the text.Answers should be paraphrased, not copied directly from the text. Answers directly copied from the text will also not be graded (the same exception applies). Answers should, instead, be paraphrased/written in your own words.Answer the following questions:How did this peer-reviewed article differ from every-day, news articles? Which questions were addressed by the authors for this particular paper?What does “empirically derived” mean?How do the authors justify the questions asked?What is considered to be “modern extinction”?What are the five vertebrate taxa considered in this study?The authors focused on using conservative rates of modern extinction in order to avoid skepticism and to see if the use of the term “6th mass extinction” is still justified. They used two different categories: “highly conservative rates” and “conservative rates”. What were the criteria used for each category (see Table 1)?Why is 1900 considered separately from 1500 as the time for modern extinction rates?Answer the authors’ three research questions.According to the authors, how does the loss of biodiversity affect human well-being?Outside of human well-being, why do you think we should care about the loss of biodiversity?Do the authors believe that the exceptionally rapid loss of species (6th mass extinction) is still a questionable (controvertible) issue? Justify.On a human time scale, do the authors consider the loss of biodiversity (and biodiversity benefits) permanent? Why or why not?We've learned earlier this semester that mass extinction is one of the events leading to adaptive radiation. Why should the 6th mass extinction be seen as particularly alarming rather than just a means to adaptive radiation?What suggestions do the authors make to avoid such loss (specifically, what are three notably important issues that must be urgently dealt with)?
GCCCD Unit 2 Paramedical Microbiology Paper
Biology 152: Paramedical MicrobiologyStudy Guide: UNIT 2Reading: Tortora Chapters 3, 4, pp. 367-374Items in Red and Bold: ...
GCCCD Unit 2 Paramedical Microbiology Paper
Biology 152: Paramedical MicrobiologyStudy Guide: UNIT 2Reading: Tortora Chapters 3, 4, pp. 367-374Items in Red and Bold: may not be covered in class, so you will need to look up this information in the text (Tortora)Define the following terms: bacteriophage taxis axial filament chemotaxisfimbriae phototaxis pili plasmidAnswer the following questions: 1. Compare and contrast the following different types of microscopy, and give an example of how each would be used:a. compound light (brightfield) microscopeb. phase contrast microscopyc. fluorescence microscopyd. transmission electron microscopye. scanning electron microscopy. 2. If you are looking at an organism that is 40 μm in length, what is its length in millimeters? 3. Organize the following in order by size (largest to smallest), and estimate a metric size range for each of them. Describe what type of microscope would be used to view each of them. a. protein molecule b. mosquito c. bluebird d. white blood cell e. Staphylococcus epidermidis (bacterial cell) 4. Identify the three basic shapes of bacteria. What specific arrangements of cocci and bacilli are found? (streptococci, etc) 5. Describe the basic structure and components of a prokaryotic cell including the cell wall, membrane, nucleoid, ribosomes, inclusions, and endospores. 6. How do the cell walls of Mycoplasma, the Archaea and Mycobacterium differ from the cell walls of most other bacteria? 7. Describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells. 8. Review the structure and function of the components of a typical eukaryotic cell. Be able to differentiate between plant and animal cells (this was covered in Bio 130 and should be a review). 9. Describe the function and structure of each of the following components of viruses: nucleic acid, capsid, capsomeres, envelope, spikes. 10. Describe the four basic types of virus morphology. 11. Describe the structure of peptidoglycan. What is the major advantage conferred by a bacterial cell wall made of peptidoglycan? What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?12. Compare and contrast the composition and characteristics of the cell wall of gram negative and gram positive cells. 13. What type of toxin is LPS, and how does it contribute to the pathogenicity ofGram negative bacteria? 14. Compare and contrast Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cell walls interms of their sensitivity to desiccation (drying out), physicaldisruption, lysozyme, and penicillin.15. Describe the steps of the gram stain, and know why gram + and gram - cells stain differently. 16. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses with regardsto size, complexity, general structure, where genetic material is located, andwhether or not they are acellular, unicellular, or multicellular. 17. Explain why bacteria cannot be identified based on morphology alone. 18. Compare and contrast the two forms of glycocalyx. Where is the glycocalyx foundin the cell? What type of molecule is the glycocalyx made of? What are the
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