Task onePrimary Task Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 400–600 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas: What have been some of your positive or negative experiences working with people of different backgrounds? Explain. Please keep your responses appropriate for a professional discussion. How did you handle these experiences? Why did you handle them in this way? What support did you receive from your employer? Explain. What were the conclusions of the event with regard to employer intervention or lack thereof? Explain. Do you feel that it was a valuable learning experience? Why or why not? What recommendations can you provide others with regard to working in diverse environments? Explain. Task 2Top-level management must demonstrate and communicate a vision that includes a diverse culture within the organization. This is most effective when leaders are open-minded and embrace the differences in their workforce. Using appropriate language, both written and verbal, and behaviors to promote a culture of inclusiveness sets the stage from which followers take their cues. Identifying goals and strategies that are outlined in an organization’s plans and objectives demonstrates a culture of inclusion and value of all workers.A diverse workforce offers many viewpoints that, when guided by an effective leader, yields greater productivity and achievement of goals. Leaders should provide opportunities for workers to be evaluated and promoted equally. In this assignment, you will write your own diversity plan recommendation. Based on the information you derived from hiring processes and leadership styles, write a recommendation of 2–3 pages to your boss about what you think should be included in the diversity plan within your organization. Assignment Guidelines Create a diversity plan recommendation in 750–1,000 words. What diversity issues might you encounter when creating a plan for federal agencies? Explain. What important elements should be included in the diversity plan within your organization? Explain. Be sure to use research evidence to support your arguments. What techniques can you use to implement the proposed training plan? Summarize each selected technique. Examples may include the following: Training programs Role-playing workshops Evaluation methods Skills development You must use at least 2 scholarly sources. All sources must be referenced using APA style. Task 3Primary Task Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 400–600 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas: In your own words, describe FEMA's mission, and provide explanations and examples for each aspect of the mission. Do you feel its mission statement is sufficient for the nation's emergency management operations? Why or why not? Describe the role that the states typically play and provide examples of how states fulfill their role. How important do you feel the role of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is in emergency management? Explain. In describing the roles that are played at each level, please also compare and contrast the roles played at each level with the other 2 levels. Which responsibilities held by the state regarding emergency management do you feel are the most critical? Why? With regard to the National Response Plan, which group of first responders is the most important for successful emergency response procedures (you must select one)? Why? Task 4You are the emergency manager in a medium-sized city, and your city manager has directed you to provide a 2-hour lecture to a combined meeting of the Citizen’s Police Academy and the Citizen’s Fire Academy. Your task is to outline and explain the roles and responsibilities of the various entities or organizations that would respond to an emergency or disaster in your city, emphasizing the scalable nature of response efforts.Assignment Guidelines In this assignment, you will create an organizational chart that outlines the roles and responsibilities of those who would respond to a large chemical spill in your city. You should presume that local, state, and federal personnel and resources will be involved in the response. Be sure to highlight what organization should take the lead in the response. Your chart should not only list each organization but should also provide brief descriptions (50–100 words) of the organization’s responsibility. For example, the local fire department’s response would include the following: Determine the identity of the materials involved. Determine the type and severity of hazards present. Assess the threat to human health and environment. Assess the need for evacuations, site control, security, and notifications. Direct interim remedial procedures to limit the spread of the materials. You may create the chart using any software application of your choice. You may also draw the chart by hand and upload the scanned image if necessary. All sources must be referenced using APA style.

Write a 3-5 page executive report that explains how a market force affects the health care industry and describes an associated ethical challenge that could influence management practices. Recommend two strategies to prevent or address the ethical challenge and explain how the strategies maintain compliance with external regulations.IntroductionExternal market forces present a tremendous challenge to a health care manager. Any changes in society connected to demographics, the government, economics, politics, legislation, and even weather can affect the health care industry. This is true on global, national, state, and local levels. An effective manager must stay abreast of current issues, while simultaneously attempting to accurately forecast and prepare for future change.In addition, there is an overwhelming array of both mandatory and non-mandatory regulatory agencies and organizations that control the health care system. The organizations can be national, state, or local, and include consumer advocacy organizations as well. They exist as external entities to protect the community and limit the power of the industry in various ways. Health care managers have a responsibility to understand, remain updated on, and assure compliance with specific guidelines and regulations in their sector of the industry to remain in compliance and uphold an outstanding reputation for themselves and their organization. Strategic planning, development, and implementation of policies and procedures, training of staff, and building a strong organizational culture support this compliance. They also present internal opportunities for effective leaders to model stewardship and fiduciary duty toward the community.Successful health care managers model stewardship and fiduciary duty by reaching outward to serve as advocates for their organization and profession. Active participation in professional organizations is recommended as a strategy to build personal and organizational trust and integrity in the community. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), based on the business management triple bottom line concept, is embraced by many health care organizations. The ethical perspectives of CSR support health care managerial efforts in the development of positive connections and partnerships in the community. This creates social value and is a demonstration of stewardship and fiduciary duty. This could translate locally, nationally, or globally, depending on the type of health care organization involved.In addition to our evolving health care reform efforts, three major influential market forces are affecting our current health care system. On a fundamental level, the transition from a patriarchal to a managed-care system has dramatically changed the delivery of health care services. The demographic shift in our population due to the aging of the baby boomers is causing a profound change in the health care industry. Public interest in and demand for integrative medicine alternatives and options, especially in terms of surgical and injury recovery, pain management, and cancer treatment, is expanding. Ethical issues and considerations, based on these external market forces, are emerging and forcing organizations and managers to come up with new and effective strategies, policies, and procedures to successfully prevent and address them.PreparationFor this assessment, suppose you work for a health care organization whose senior leadership strives to make ethical decisions related to ever-changing external forces. As part of the management team, you have been assigned to analyze one of the market forces affecting the health care industry. You need to choose one of the following market forces:Managed care.Caring for aging baby boomers.Integrative medicine.Then you need to choose one segment of the health care system (insurance, reimbursement industry, hospitals, long-term care facilities, and so on) to use as the focus of this analysis. For example, you may decide to focus on integrative medicine in long-term care facilities.Review the resources provided and conduct your own research on the topic you have selected. You will need to use current, relevant information and statistics from at least three authoritative resources to support your work. Be sure you also look at regulatory agencies that oversee the topic and health care system segment you selected.Format this assessment as an executive report, following APA guidelines for citations and references. Please be sure you include a title page and a references page.InstructionsIn the executive report you develop for this assessment, be sure you complete the following:Explain how the market force you selected is affecting the health care industry. Include any statistics you found during your research.Describe at least one ethical challenge related to the market force that might influence organizational management practices.Recommend at least two strategies leadership might use to prevent or address the challenge. Consider whether a CSR initiative could help prevent the ethical challenge.Explain how your recommended strategies will maintain compliance with external regulations.Additional RequirementsInclude a title page and references page.Number of pages: 3–5, double-spaced.At least three current, authoritative resources.APA format for citations and references.Times New Roman font, 12-point.Note: The assessments in this course build upon each other, so you are strongly encouraged to complete them in sequence.Competencies MeasuredBy successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:Competency 1: Explain how ethical theories and principles influence health care organizational management practice. Recommend strategies to prevent or address an ethical challenge.;Competency 2: Describe how external forces and internal organizational factors influence ethical health care management practices. Explain how a market force affects the health care industry.Describe an ethical challenge related to a market force that influences organizational management practices.Explain how strategies to prevent or address an ethical challenge maintain compliance with external regulations.Competency 4: Communicate ideas effectively. Correctly format citations and references using current APA style.Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanicsHeadnote: Integrative health modalities have been gathering steam as effective supplemental treatments. Now, leading hospitals and health systems are beginning to see them as a financial boon.The use of integrative health interventions as adjuncts to conventional treatment is gaining traction at medical centers across the country. Patientcentered approaches that address the full range of physical, emotional, mental, social, spiritual, and environmental factors affecting individuals- referred to collectively as integrative health modalities (IHMs)-have saved hospitals and health systems millions and enhanced patients' treatment and recovery.3Beneficial to both patients and balance sheets, IHMs are worth considering from all angles. These modalities embody concepts related to patientcentered care and shared medical decision making, essential components of both the Affordable Care Act and The Joint Commission accreditation standards. IHM practices are aimed at engaging patients in the healing process. An emphasis on patient self-care through IHMs, as an adjunct to conventional care, provides healthcare systems with a competitive differentiator for affordable, sustainable population health management.The Evidence Base (or IHMsIHMs include practices that patients can be trained to do on their own (such as meditation, yoga, and relaxation response) and therapies that are provided to a patient by a licensed practitioner (such as acupuncture or massage).The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), administered by the National Institutes of Health, further defines IHMs as practices that "focus on the interactions among the brain, mind, body, and behavior with the intent to use the mind to affect physical functioning and promote health."*5 The NCCIH, established in 1991, has recently been charged with promoting evidence-based decision making for integrative therapies in health care and health promotion.Certain IHMs have been shown through evidencebased research to effectively manage specific symptoms either as a stand-alone therapy or as an adjunct to conventional treatment. Systematic collaborative reviews conducted by contributors to Cochrane-a global network of researchers, professionals, patients, caregivers, and other healthcare stakeholders-have corroborated much of this research. These reviews include validation for acupuncture, cognitive-based therapy, progressive relaxation, biofeedback, massage, and yoga for specific purposes, including chronic pain.c Summaries of the evidence-based research supporting the use of IHMs can be found in various professional guidelines and publications.1*The ROI of IHMsA survey released Sept. 7,2001, by the American Hospital Association's Health Forum found that, at that time, roughly two-thirds of U.S. academic medical centers had an integrative health program in place and 42 percent of all hospitals provided some form of IHM intervention to patients.6 The use of integrative health is as high as 90 percent for certain patient populations in the United States-and 38 percent for all Americans.f Furthermore, patients who received IHMs in addition to their regular treatments had higher satisfaction scores than did patients who did not receive IHM therapies.8 Of those hospitals that offer outpatient IHMs, 55 percent report that they plan to expand services to include the inpatient setting. The exhibit on page 115 provides a summary of the economic benefits of IHMs identified in a number of studies that examined the use of these modalities as an adjunct to conventional treatment. (For additional detail about the studies listed in the exhibit, see the sidebar "Calculating Costs and Savings of IHMs," page 118.)IHM Interventions in MarylandTo help corroborate the potential benefits of IHMs, the lead author of this article performed a detailed analysis looking at inpatient data for all patients hospitalized in the state of Maryland in 2013.h The analysis focused on current evidencebased research supporting IHM treatment by diagnosis or symptom. Of the 589,253 Maryland hospital inpatients, 509,044 (or 86.3 percent) had diagnoses or symptoms, identified using ICD-9-CM codes, that had the potential for adjunct treatment with IHMs. The study produced two key findings that reinforce those of the individual studies highlighted in the exhibit on page r 15: Total hospital charges for patients who could benefit from adjunct IHMs were 34 percent higher than those for patients who could not benefit, and length of stay (LOS) was r.8 days longer for the former group than for the latter group. These findings suggest that IHMs can produce significant savings, especially for patients with a higher per capita cost.In addition to being evidence-based, IHMs should match the needs of the patient population. In the Maryland data analysis, the recommended IHM practices and therapies were matched to patient diagnoses and procedures using evidence-based research. The top 10 inpatient diagnoses that can be adjunctively managed with IHMs are listed in the exhibit at the bottom of page 116. More than half (57 percent) of Maryland inpatients are treated for three or more of these diagnoses. Simply put, patients with chronic conditions such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, pain, and anxiety all can benefit from receiving training in at least one IHM, such as relaxation response. This adaptive use of IHM reinforces its importance as an effective and economically viable population health management strategy.Established Benefits of IHMsMany health systems have shared specific benefits they and their patients have experienced from the addition of IHMs to the organization's treatment protocols. These benefits include the following.Decreased costs. The decrease in direct costs is driven by some combination of fewer medications and shorter length of stay, as well as increased patient self-care.Decreased LOS. Reduced length of stay has been identified by several healthcare systems as a benefit of IHM, prior to and immediately following surgery.Decreased use of narcotics. Decreased use of pharmaceutical drugs not only results in cost savings but also can reduce length of stay and post-operative comorbidities, increase patient self-care options, and decrease the possibility of dependency in certain patient populations.IHMs also offer additional indirect benefits, including the following.Increased patient satisfaction. This benefit can be measured using standard patient satisfaction surveys such as HCAHPS Hospital Survey results. HCAHPS accounts for 30 percent of a hospital's value-based purchasing score, which is used to determine the amount of incentive payment each hospital receives, linking improved patient satisfaction due to IHMs with increased revenue.Increased patient retention. An IHM program can play an important role in a hospital's relationshipbuilding efforts with patients, given that patients are likely to perceive providers that offer access to IHMs as being responsive to their preferences and values, in accordance with patient-centered care goals.Decreased pain. Pain levels are a key metric in HCAHPS scores. The experience of pain involves both a physical and an emotional component, often expressed in the form of anxiety and/or depression. When interventions can address all the components of pain, they are likely to produce higher HCAHPS scores. An IHM prior to surgery has been found to reduce anxiety, pain, and narcotic requirements-results that, in turn, can lead to increased patient satisfaction.These are only a few potential benefits that hospitals can glean from implementing an IHM program. Because the use of IHMs is still in its early stages, additional benefits are likely to be identified over time.Ensuring Economic SuccessAs with any initiative, planning an IHM service requires vision, a sense of urgency, key financial metrics, and a structured implementation plan. An organization's vision, strategy, and culture drive the specifics of its IHM service. Any hospital that is contemplating implementation of an IHM program should keep in mind the following recommendations.Analyze data to create a patient-centered IHM program. Healthcare finance leaders can begin by using the list of the top 10 most common IHM diagnoses from the Maryland analysis. By using ICD -10 codes to identify which patients have these diagnoses within an organization's facility or facilities, it is possible to estimate of the percentage of the organization's patients who could be helped using IHMs.Align with the medical staff to increase patient acceptance and program success. Active involvement of the medical staff is crucial to the success of an IHM implementation. Creating a successful program is symbiotic. The health system needs physicians to assess patient-specific needs and order appropriate IHM interventions, and physicians need the system to provide necessary staffing, training about the IHM program, and continuous updating of new IHM research findings. In obtaining physician buy-in to an IHM program, the health system will need to educate physicians about the evidence-based benefits of IHMs. To ensure appropriate IHM therapies are ordered, the health system should inform physicians and mid-level practitioners about the range of IHM offerings.Emphasize low-cost/high-impact approaches. Organizations should target high-cost patients and patient groups using data and evidence-based IHM services. A hybrid model should be used to implement and sustain a program that embraces physician support, but relies on licensed nonphysician, non-nurse clinicians to deliver services. The goal should be to create an extensive class/group approach that reaches not only patients before and after hospitalization but also members of the geographic community who have yet to become patients. This approach can set the stage for the organization to become an economically viable feeder for an accountable care organization.Communicate benefits; emphasize structure and accountability. These concepts are exemplified in the adoption of an IHM program called HeartMath by Indiana University Health Bloomington Hospital.1 HeartMath is designed to deliver a form of self-induced biofeedback that improves stress management, resiliency, and heart rate variability. The program began with a focus on the health system's staff, grew to include patients, and eventually was introduced to every segment of the organization's population health program. Indiana University Health credits this modality with improving its aggregate culture of care index and employee satisfaction by 6 percent.Set goals and track key metrics. The use of IHMs can have a positive effect on a range of financial and quality metrics. Tracking these metrics is crucial to the long-term success of IHMs as a hospital and population health management strategy. Sample key metrics are provided in the hypothetical scorecard shown above. Some organizations, such as Indiana University Health, may include employee satisfaction measures in such metrics as a way to measure global impact.An emphasis on engagement through IHMs, as an adjunct to conventional care, can provide health systems with a competitive differentiator for affordable, sustainable population health management. As IHMs continue to rise in popularity, the benefits will only increase. *SidebarAT A GLANCESupplemental treatments and practices such as yoga, acupuncture, guided imagery, and meditation can benefit not only patients in their recovery but also hospitals and health systems financially and operationally. Benefits include:* Savings in sedation costs for patients who use guided imagery during procedures* Increased revenue due to measurably increased patient satisfaction* Decreased length of staySidebarCalculating Costs and Savings of IHMsThe current published literature on IHM program costs and savings covers a wide spectrum based on the interventions used, the structure of the program, and the measures employed. For example, a study conducted at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City identified savings in the oncology unit amounting to $156 daily for each patient who participated in yoga, meditation, and relaxation response practices* The authors estimate annual savings to be $977,184. The recurring costs for the program were calculated to be $209,000 annually ($92,000 for a patient navigator plus $117,000 for a yoga coordinator). A one-time renovation cost of "converting the patient lounges into a healing sanctuary for meditation, yoga practice, and quiet visiting" was $355,000. Final recurring annual after-cost savings was estimated to be $279,592.A study of the use of adjunct hypnosis in association with radiologic intervention at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston identified savings estimated at $304 to $431 for patients who received self-hypnotic relaxation, or guided imagery, prior to and during the procedure.15 Savings were calculated based on the differences in sedation costs. On average, the cost of sedation for patients receiving imagery was $338 less than for patients who did not receive imagery. Guided imagery can be administered either by operating room (OR) staff who have been trained on the modality or by a certified hypnotherapist. The authors estimated the one-time costs for training OR staff to be $3,000 to $15,000, versus a cost of $70,000 annually plus 30 percent in fringe benefits for hiring a certified professional. After-cost savings were projected to be $290 per case, or as much as $2.4 million per year, depending on the number of interventional radiology cases.A study of the use of guided imagery in association with colorectal surgery at the Cleveland Clinic found that the length of stay (LOS) was reduced by 1.6 days for patients who participated in guided imagery prior to and following surgery, compared with patients in the control group who did not receive the IHM intervention. This decreased LOS resulted in a cost savings of $3,200 per study patient.0Similarly, a study of the use of guided imagery in association with cardiac surgery interventions at Inova Fairfax Hospital in Falls Church, Va., found that LOS was 1.5 days shorter in the guided imagery group than in the control group. In addition, the mean pharmacy direct costs for the study group were $288 less than the control group. Based on these findings, Fairfax estimated the combined savings for imagery to be $2,271 per procedure."1In 1998, a multihospital lifestyle demonstration project investigated the effect of lifestyle changes in preventing the need for revascularization in patients who met the criteria for either coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).* The project found the average savings per patient who made comprehensive lifestyle changes, which included IHM interventions, to be $29,529. Lifestyle changes included meditation, yoga, and progressive relaxation.These savings were calculated by subtracting the cost of the intervention in the experimental group from the average cost of CABG or PTCA surgery, depending on the patient's scheduled procedure.Similarly, a multihospital intervention for diabetes and prediabetes calculated savings from lifestyle changes by subtracting the cost of the lifestyle intervention in the experimental group from the average cost for traditional diabetes case. Savings calculated in this study amounted to between $31,000 and $34,400 per person per year.*These studies highlight single interventions. Both patients and the healthcare systems that serve them will benefit most from a comprehensive implementation of IHM interventions that have been shown to effectively and efficiently manage symptoms and chronic conditions. A combination of inpatient and outpatient interventions should be implemented and managed centrally, with staff placed locally throughout the health system. Central management ensures appropriate training and use of only evidence-based interventions.LIBRARY SOURCESForrestal, E. J., & Cellucci, L. W. (2016). Ethics and professionalism for healthcare managers. Health Administration Press. Chapters 3–4.Russo, R., Diener, I., & Stitcher, M. (2015). The low risk and high return of integrative health services. Healthcare Financial Management, 69(11), 114–120.Singer, J., & Adams, J. (2014). Integrating complementary and alternative medicine into mainstream healthcare services: The perspectives of health service managers. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14, 167.Burwell, B., & Saucier, P. (2013). Managed long-term services and supports programs are a cornerstone for fully integrated care. Generations, 37(2), 33–38.Mahishale, V. (2015). Ageing world: Health care challenges. 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