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Running head: LAW
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Law
Student
Institution
LAW
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Question 1
Extraterritorial legislation
Extraterritorial legislation is the ability of a country to legally exercise authority beyond
its borders. The laws allow a country to enforce its jurisdiction to a member of another country if
they commit a crime within its boundaries (Campregher & Jeglic, 2016). With the proliferation
of child sex tourism today, these laws are being used to bring the perpetrators to justice.
However, the perpetrators have not been quite successful in deterring the crime as it is still
common undertaking especially in the developing world. This is for the reason that these laws
are poorly implemented in the developing world and the states have high poverty rates. More so,
some countries seem to advance the vice as it is lucrative and therefore of financial benefit to
them. For instance, child sex tourism accounts for 14 percent of the GDP in Philippines and
Malaysia. Thus, albeit some countries are showing efforts in using the aforementioned laws to
curb child sex tourism, more needs to be done to ensure that the crime is fully eradicated.
Statistically, very few people have been brought to justice under the extraterritorial
legislation, hence showings it ineffectiveness in dealing with sex tourism. In regard to Australia,
it has been on the forefront in eradicating sex tourism within its boundaries. However, its efforts
to curb the vice in relation to how it applies the extraterritorial legislation have been largely
unfruitful; between the time frame of the first enactment of sex laws, which was 1994, and 2011,
only 30 people have been indicted under the laws (Campregher & Jeglic, 2016). The case is
similar in Japan as there are minimal convictions on child sex offenses, the country having
among the highest records of individual advancing the crime notwithstanding. Between the years
2005 to 2013, there were only four arrests and no convictions. Evidently, governments are
reluctant in bringing the perpetrators to justice. Since the laws are clearly stated, it is apparent
LAW
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that the failure to implement the laws lies in the lack of will to end sex tourism. With the
consistently rising cases relating to child sex offenses, it is an imperative that the governments
work in harmony to apprehend the sex offenders.
The ineffectiveness of the extraterritorial legislation has been exacerbated by the ability
to conduct child sexual offenses with ease. Among the notable contributing factors is the high
rate of poverty in the developing world. The offenders are able to use poverty as a platform to
advance their agendas as with financial power, they can manipulate the children to engage in
sexual acts in exchange for money (Jeffreys & Seabrook, 2015). Moreover, the ease to travel
around the world nowadays has made it hard to curb child sex tourism. Additionally, sex
offenders tend to enjoy anonymity in foreign countries; for this reason, they are able to access
the vulnerable children in poverty-stricken places and conduct their activities. Since laws are
poorly enacted in developing countries, it becomes difficult to apprehend the criminals, therefore
rendering the extraterritorial legislation rather ineffective.
Question 2
Internet Crimes against Children Task Force
The primary role of the Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) is to monitor the
internet with the intention of catching child pornography perpetrators. Also, the task force is
responsible for educating the masses on the adverse effects of participating in child pornography,
as well as enlightening law enforcement on how to apprehend the criminals who engage in such
acts (Durkin & DeLong, 2016). Albeit a task force that is obligated toeradicating the crimes
against children has made significant efforts in that direction, sex offenders are increasing at
alarming rates. Although the task force has remained focused on its mission to fight the crime it
still faces challenges in identifying the perpetrators due to their ability to remain anonymous
LAW
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while using the internet, the offenders are able to conduct their activities in secrecy thus making
it difficult for the ICAC task forces to apprehend the criminals. Nonetheless, it is making steps
towards the right direction, proving that it is possible to curb child sex offense on the internet.
The success that ICAC has achieved so far has been enhanced by its tendency to engage
other bodies that work towards eliminating sex abuse of children. Some of them include the
Internet Governance Forum (IGF) and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
(ICANN). Through their combined efforts, they are able to identify sites, videos and any obscene
material that seeks to advance the vice (Mattei Ferraro, 2015). Consequently, they are able to
block the sites or arrests the culprits. Furthermore, the task forces work in harmony with each
other and therefore they are able to achieve a milestone vis-à-vis curbing sexual exploitation of
children. The Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force in the U.S is under the Department of
justice which has been quite beneficial in funding the task forces to ensure they are able to deal
with the issue adequately through pursui...
