1.What kind of financial problems faced the Continental Congress during the war?2.How did foreign aid assist the American cause?3.What advantages did the Patriots possess in the War for Independence? (No, not under-inflated footballs!) IMAGE 24.For Americans at the time of the Revolution, what did republicanism come to mean?5.What were the flaws of the Articles of Confederation? IMAGES 6-116.What was the Northwest Ordinance? IMAGES 3-57.What did the nationalists want?8.In brief, what were the differences between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans presented at the Constitutional Convention?9.What compromises did the framers of the Constitution have to arrive at in order to create the new government?10.Who were the Federalists?11.Who were the Anti-Federalists?12.Do you think that the Constitution still works today, or do we need a new one? Or does the amendment process provide enough ability to change so that we can continue to use the same government that was written over 200 years ago?13.What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 do? IMAGES 3-614.What did the Bill of Rights do? IMAGE 715.In brief, how did Alexander Hamilton propose to solve the nation’s financial crisis? (pgs. 194-196)16.How did Thomas Jefferson envision the future of the United States?17.What brought about the birth of the First Party System? 18.What was the “constitutional crisis” of John Adam’s presidency?What was the problem with Indians and assimilation?19.What did Thomas Jefferson do about 20.What problems did the Napoleonic Wars create for American shipping and how did Thomas Jefferson and James Madison deal with them? IMAGE 1121.Who were Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa and how were they involved in the War of 1812? IMAGES 12-1722.Think about what was happening with the Supreme Court at this time under John Marshall?a. What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison ?b. What was the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland ?23.How did the Second Great Awakening affect American thinking?24.What was a business cycle and how was it problematic?25.What was the Commonwealth System?26.What were the factors that led to the growth of manumission?27.Henry Clay was a slaveowner, but like Thomas Jefferson, was also critical of the institution; what did he have to say about slavery?28.Who was Richard Allen and why was he significant? 29.How did the debate over Missouri point to a developing problem between North and South over the issue of slavery?30.What was the Second Great Awakening?31.How did the Boston Manufacturing Company gain an edge over British and American rivals?32.What technological innovations were occurring in the U.S. at this time?33.What were machine tools34.What was the “Labor Theory of Value”?35.To what does the phrase “Market Revolution” refer?36.What were the major features of the Transportation Revolution, between 1815-1860? In other words, how did transportation change during this period?37.How did Charles G. Finney’s brand of revivalism and reform change American society?38.What were the causes and the impact of the surge of immigration into the United States in the 1840s?39.What was nativism?40.How is it that more Americans had the right to vote by the mid-1820s?41.What was significant about the Election of 1824?42.How did the Democratic Party of Andrew Jackson win the Election of 1828?43.Discuss Jackson’s ideas about rotation and decentralization?44.Why and upon what theory did South Carolina adopt an ordinance nullifying the tariffs of 1828 and 1832?45.What was Andrew Jackson’s problem with the Second Bank of the United States?46.Take a position, and justify it: Do you agree or disagree with Andrew Jackson’s policies toward Native Americans?47.How and why did the Whig Party come into being? What issues did southerners have with Whig politics?48.After having read about the presidency of Andrew Jackson, do you think he could have been elected president in our most recent presidential election if he was running? Would you vote for him? Why or why not?49.What was meant by the term “manifest destiny”?50.How did horses and European weapons change the Plains Indians?51.What were the benefits of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo for the United States?52.What was the Free Soil movement?53.Briefly discuss the land and racial issues that emerged in California after the Mexican American War?54.Why was California’s application for statehood problematic, and what was the Compromise of 1850?55.What was the Kansas/Nebraska Act and what effect did it have?56.Describe the emergence of the Republican Party; what did it stand for?57.What is the meaning of the term “Bleeding Kansas”?58.What was the Dred Scott Decision and what effect did it have?59.What was Abraham Lincoln’s view of slavery from the 1840s into the late 1850s, and how did it evolve?60.What was “popular sovereignty” and what was Stephen Douglas’ Freeport Doctrine?61.Who was John Brown?62.How did secession come about, and where did the sentiments for it originate?63.Discuss the Upper South’s reaction to the secession of the Lower South?64.According to Jefferson Davis, what was the South fighting for, and what did they need to do to achieve independence?65.Why did Lincoln dismiss General McClellan?66.What did “total war” mean in the context of the Civil War?67.Briefly, how did the North and South mobilize resources with which to fight the war? How was the war financed?68.What was contraband, and how was it controversial?69.Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation when he did and what did it mean?70.What were the consequences of the victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg happening at the same time?71.What was General Sherman’s “hard war,” what was his “bold strategy” after taking Atlanta, and how did he justify his unconventional plan to Grant and Lincoln?72.What was the reasoning behind the need for the Thirteenth Amendment? 73.Was the Civil War necessary? Many argue that it was not, that slavery would have died out within a few decades (it certainly would have, that’s unquestionable), and that the war was a tremendous loss of money, lives, and resources that could have been avoided. What do you think?

Week 4 Discussion #1: The Experience MachineTo ensure that your initial post starts its own unique thread, do not reply to this post. Instead, please click the "Reply" link above this post.Please read the general discussion requirements above, as well as the announcements explaining the discussion requirements and answering the most frequently asked questions. If you are still unsure about how to proceed with the discussion, please reply to one of those announcements or contact your instructor.Please carefully read and think about the entire prompt before composing your first post. This discussion will require you to have carefully read Chapter 5 of the textbook, as well as the assigned portions of Aristotle’s (1931) Nicomachean Ethics.If you recall from Week 2/Chapter 3, John Stuart Mill (2008) defines happiness as the experience of pleasure and the avoidance of pain, which means that happiness is very much a matter of how I feel “on the inside”. However, Aristotle (1931) holds a rather different view of happiness (or in his terms, “eudaimonia”). One way that we think about this difference is to conduct a “thought experiment” in which we imagine that we have certain “inner” experiences, but outwardly things are quite different. One such thought experiment is provided by the philosopher Robert Nozick in his description of the “experience machine”:“Suppose there were an experience machine that would give you any experience you desired. Superduper neuropsychologists could stimulate your brain so that you would think and feel you were writing a great novel, or making a friend, or reading an interesting book. All the time you would be floating in a tank, with electrodes attached to your brain…Of course, while in the tank you won’t know that you’re there; you’ll think it’s actually happening…Would you plug in? What else can matter to us, other than how our lives feel from the inside?” (Nozick, 1974, p. 43)In the course of the week’s discussion, you will need to do the following (not necessarily in this order):Engage with the text: Using at least one quote from the assigned texts, explain Aristotle’s notion of eudaimonia. Then, discuss whether Aristotle would consider someone hooked up to the experience machine to be “happy” in the sense captured by that notion of eudaimonia. Reflect on yourself: If you had the chance to be permanently hooked up to the experience machine, would you do it? Explain your choice. For example, if you would not hook up, you may discuss the kinds of goods or aims that would be lost by hooking up, or you may discuss the core, essential features of your life (or of human life in general) that are undermined by being in such a state. Reflect on human life: Based on your response, do you think that we can describe aspects of a telos (in Aristotle’s sense) that applies to humanity in general, or at least most people? Correspondingly, could there be a difference between feeling happy and being happy? Do you think that people can be wrong about happiness? (Notice that this isn’t asking whether there are different ways in which people can find happiness; it’s asking whether some of those ways could be mistaken.)Discuss with your peers: According to virtue ethics, reflecting on the aims and goods essential to human flourishing (if there are any) can help us understand the virtues we need to fulfill those and the vices that would be detrimental, as well as the corresponding kinds of choices and behaviors. Reflect with your peers on what their account reveals about the virtuous life, whether that conflicts with some of the values and choices common in society, your career field, family, or other social atmospheres.