Chapter 6 - Assignment What types of advocacy exist for nurses today? Certainly, we can see how there are many ways and different groups to advocate for as a nurse. Definition of Advocate: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. Defends or promotes the rights of others. 2. Changes systems to meet the needs of others. 3. Empowers and promotes selfdetermination in others. 4. Promotes autonomy of diverse cultures. 5. Ensures respect, equality, and dignity for others. 6. Cares for the humanness of all. Instructions: 1. Examine the term advocate as defined above, and think of how advocacy can be demonstrated in everyday practice. 2. Select at least three (3) of the factors that make up the definition and give a very specific explanation of how you or someone you know has demonstrated they were/are an advocate. 3. Your paper should be: o Typed according to APA style for margins, formatting and spacing standards o Typed into a Microsoft Word document or complete the Staffing Table, save the file, and then upload the file Chapter 6 Patient, Subordinate, Workplace, and Professional Advocacy Advocacy • Advocacy involves helping others to grow and selfactualize. • Nurses must advocate for themselves, clients, subordinates, and their profession. • Advocates must inform others of their rights and make sure they have enough information to make informed decisions. • Advocacy is defined as protecting and defending what one believes in for both self and others. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Nursing Values Central to Advocacy 1. Each individual has a right to autonomy in deciding what course of action is most appropriate to meet his or her health-care goals. 2. Each individual has a right to hold personal values and to use those values in making health-care decisions. 3. All individuals should have access to the information they need to make informed decisions and choices. 4. The nurse must act on behalf of patients who are unable to advocate for themselves. 5. Empowerment of patients and subordinates to make decisions and take action on their own is the essence of advocacy. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved How Nurses Can Act as Advocates • Helping others make informed decisions • Acting as intermediaries in the environment • Directly intervening on behalf of others • Advocating for social justice Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: One way nurses can act as advocates is by directly intervening on behalf of others. A. True B. False Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer A. True Rationale: Sometimes it is advisable for nurses to advocate for patients by directly intervening on their behalf. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Controlling Patient Choices Versus Assisting Patient Choices It is important for the patient advocate to be able to differentiate between controlling patient choices (domination and dependence) and assisting patient choices (allowing freedom). Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Advocating for Patients as Managers • Creating a work environment that recognizes patients’ needs and goals as paramount • Creating a work culture in which patients are respected, well informed, and empowered • Advocating for patients with regard to distribution of resources and the use of technology • Taking risks particularly when advocating for a client may be in direct conflict with a provider or institutional goal Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Common Areas Requiring Nurse–Patient Advocacy • End-of-life decisions; aging populations • Technological advances • Health-care reimbursement • Access to health care • Provider–patient conflicts • Withholding of information • Insurance authorization Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Common Areas Requiring Nurse–Patient Advocacy—(cont.) • Medical errors • Patient information disclosure • Patient grievance and appeals process • Culture and ethnic diversity and sensitivity • Respect for patient dignity • Inadequate consents; complex social problems • Incompetent health-care providers Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved • Please show Leadership Video Case: Patient Advocacy: Suspicion of Abuse, available as part of Lippincott CoursePoint for Marquis and Huston: Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing, 9th edition. • For more info, visit thePoint.lww.com/CPMarquis9e. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Patient Rights • 1998 Patient’s Bill of Rights – Helps patients feel comfortable in the system – Stresses strong patient–provider relationship – Stresses key role patients play in staying healthy • 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act – Gives patients protection in dealing with insurance companies Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Subordinate Advocacy • Nurse administrators should advocate for other health-care providers (including subordinates) as well as patients, especially when this is related to health and safety. • Workplace advocacy occurs when the manager works to see that the work environment is both safe and conducive to professional and personal growth for subordinates. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Internal Versus External Whistleblowing • Internal whistleblowing occurs within an organization, reporting up the chain of command. • External whistleblowing involves reporting outside the organization, such as to the media or an elected official. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Whistleblowing Concern • Although much of the public wants wrongdoing or corruption to be reported, such behavior is often looked upon with distrust, and whistleblowers are often considered disloyal and experience negative repercussions for their actions. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Reporting an offense to one’s boss is an example of external whistleblowing. A. True B. False Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer B. False Rationale: Reporting a problem to a higher-up within the organization is called internal whistleblowing. External whistleblowing involves reporting outside the organization such as the media and an elected official. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Leader-Managers • Leader-managers also must be advocates for the nursing profession. • When nurses find a discrepancy between their perceived role and society’s expectations, they have a responsibility to advocate for the profession. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Profession of Nursing • Entry into a profession involves a personal and public promise to serve others with the special expertise that a profession can provide and that society legitimately expects it to provide. • If nursing is to advance as a profession, practitioners and leader-managers must broaden their sociopolitical knowledge base to understand better the bureaucracies in which they live. • Nurses who participate in professional organizations are integral in determining whether voluntary or legal controls represent what nursing is and should be. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question What are some ways nurses can advance the nursing profession? (Select all that apply.) A. Learn about sociopolitical issues B. Participate in professional organizations C. Participate in bureaucracy Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer A. Learn about sociopolitical issues AND B. Participate in professional organizations Rationale: It is important for nurses to participate in the larger social framework in a professional capacity in order to advance the profession as a whole. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Making Concerns Known Nurses must exert their collective influence and make their concerns known to policy makers before they can have a major impact on political and legislative outcomes. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Writing a Letter to a Legislator • Write a personal letter. Be formal but polite. The letter should be one page. • Address the legislator by title. • Establish your credibility early in the letter as both a constituent and as a health-care expert. • Refer to a specific bill by number. • State your position on the issue. Offer your assistance as a resource person for additional information. • Sign the letter, including your name and contact information. Be persistent and write repeatedly to legislators who are undecided on an issue. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question Which should one not do when writing a letter to a legislator? A. Be persistent. B. Write a personal letter. C. Address the legislator by his or her title. D. Make the letter at least two pages long. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer D. Make the letter at least two pages long. Rationale: The letter should be succinct and to the point (not more than one page in length). Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Media Exposure • Many nurses avoid media exposure because they believe they lack the expertise or because they lack self-confidence. • However, nurses should take every opportunity to appear in newspapers and on radio and television. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Tips for Interacting with the Media 1. Respect and meet the reporter’s deadlines. 2. Assume, until proven otherwise, that the reporter will be fair and accurate in his or her reporting. 3. Have key facts and figures ready for the interview 4. Limit your key points to two or three and frame them as bullet points. 5. Avoid technical or academic jargon. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Tips for Interacting with the Media—(cont.) 6. Speak confidently but do not be afraid to say when you do not have the expertise to answer a question or when a question is better directed to someone else. 7. Avoid being pulled into inflammatory arguments or blame setting and repeat key points if you are pulled off into tangents. 8. Provide the reporter with contact information for follow-up and needed clarifications. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Nurses should avoid media exposure. A. True B. False Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Answer B. False Rationale: Although many nurses avoid media exposure out of self-consciousness, in fact it is advantageous to appear in newspapers and on radio and television when the opportunity arises. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Tips for Interacting with the Media— (cont.) • Be prepared. • Stick to three or four key points. • Provide the media with clear, concise information. • Stay on track by sticking to predetermined points. • Do not be afraid to say that you do not have enough information or expertise to answer a question. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved 
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