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PART 4
THEMES
Chapter 4.10
Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
Copyright © 2015 Thames & Hudson
Chapter 4.10 Identity , Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Introduction
Personal identity became a central
issue for artists during the late
twentieth century
Artists question common
assumptions about identity
Consider individual experience
beyond labels and stereotypes
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Chapter 4.10 Identity , Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Self-Portraits
Maker and the subject are the
same
Provide a physical likeness
Tell us about the artist’s
personality, experiences, or
choices
Can reference the artist in
indirect or abstract ways
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
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Artwork: Rembrandt van Rijn,
Self-portrait with Saskia […]
4.10.1 Rembrandt van Rijn,
Self-portrait with Saskia in the
Scene of the Prodigal Son in the
Tavern, c. 1635. Oil on canvas,
5’3⅜” × 4’3⅝”. Gemäldegalerie
Alte Meister, Dresden, Germany
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
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Rembrandt, Self-portrait
with Saskia […]
Rembrandt produced more than 90
self-portraits over 40 years
Reflect changes in appearance and
artistic style
Artists takes many guises, e.g. the
prodigal son from the biblical story
Barmaid is modeled on his wife
Saskia
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Artwork: van Gogh, Self-portrait
with Bandaged Ear and Pipe
4.10.2 Vincent van Gogh,
Self-portrait with Bandaged
Ear and Pipe, 1889. Oil on
canvas, 25¼ × 19¾”.
Private collection
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Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
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Vincent van Gogh,
Self-portrait […]
While Van Gogh lived in the south
of France, he had an argument with
his close friend Paul Gauguin
He then cut off part of his own ear
Restrained but nervous lines and
bold, contrasting colors express
the agitation he experienced
during the episode
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
To learn about another artwork by Vincent van Gogh, watch this video of a MoMA lecturer talking about
Starry Night:
MoMA Video:
Vincent van Gogh,
Starry Night
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
To find out more about the life and work of Vincent van Gogh, watch:
Video:
Vincent van Gogh
in His Own Words
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
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Artwork: Frida Kahlo, The
Two Fridas
4.10.3 Frida Kahlo, The
Two Fridas, 1939. Oil on
canvas, 5’8” × 5’8”.
Museo de Arte Moderno,
Mexico City, Mexico
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
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Frida Kahlo,
The Two Fridas
Depicts the artist’s mixed cultural
background (Mexican/German)
Turbulent relationship with her
husband, Diego Rivera
Sensitive emotional content
Holds a small picture of Rivera
Tries to stop the flow of blood
Hearts outside of the bodies
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Artwork: Cindy Sherman,
Untitled Film Still #35
4.10.4 Cindy Sherman,
Untitled Film Still #35, 1979.
Black and white photograph,
10 × 8”. MoMA, New York
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Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Cindy Sherman,
Untitled Film Still #35
Sherman plays the roles of
stereotyped women from imagined
1950s films
69 photographs in the series
Impact of feminism: highlights
previously narrow representations
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Perspectives on Art:
Cindy Sherman
Images of role models from
childhood, such as Italian actress
Sophia Loren
Became so clichéd, she stopped
making these images after 3 years
Realized she had to be very
specific: that’s what makes people
unique
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Chapter 4.10 Identity , Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Feminist Critique
In the West, women had largely
been excluded from the art world
1960s–1970s feminists efforts:
Expanded the subject matter of
art
Made it more relevant to
women’s issues
More works made by women
included in museums and
galleries
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
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Artwork: Judy Chicago, The
Dinner Party
4.10.5 Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party, 1974–79. Installation view showing Georgia O’Keeffe placesetting. Embroidery on linen and
china paint on porcelain, entire work 48 × 48’. Brooklyn Museum, New York
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Judy Chicago
The Dinner Party
Honors women from past and
present
Triangular table: ancient sign for
woman, symbolizes equality
13 settings on each side,
embroidered with a famous
woman’s name
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Artwork: Gentileschi, Judith
Decapitating Holofernes
4.10.6 Artemisia Gentileschi,
Judith Decapitating
Holofernes, c. 1620. Oil on
canvas, 6’6⅜” × 5’3¾”.
Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy
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Artwork: Gentileschi, Judith
and Her Maidservant […]
4.10.7 Artemisia Gentileschi,
Judith and Her Maidservant with
the Head of Holofernes, 1623–25.
Oil on canvas, 6’⅜” × 4’7¾”.
Detroit Institute of Arts
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Gateway to Art:
Self-Expression in
the Judith Paintings
Gentileschi was the victim of a
sexual assault
Painted 7 versions of the biblical
story of Judith and Holofernes
First version was painted a year
after the public trial of her attacker
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Gateway to Art:
Self-Expression in
the Judith Paintings
(contd.)
A version from a decade later was
probably made for other reasons
Popular theme at the time
Previous renditions of the
subject had attracted admiration
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
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Artwork: Guerrilla Girls, Do
Women Have to be Naked […]
4.10.8 Guerrilla Girls, Do Women Have to be Naked to get into the Met. Museum?, 1989. Poster, dimensions variable
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
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Guerrilla Girls, Do
Women Have to be
Naked […]
Feminist collective that is still
active
Members wear gorilla masks for
anonymity
Protest at the unequal treatment of
female artists in the art world
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Chapter 4.10 Identity , Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Black Consciousness
Later in the twentieth century,
nearly 100 years after the
Emancipation Proclamation,
African-Americans in Southern US
states still experienced legalized
discrimination and segregation
Led to disenfranchisement,
oppression, and violence
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
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Still from Spike Lee’s Do the
Right Thing
4.10.9 Spike Lee, Do the Right Thing, 1989. Duration 120 minutes. 40 Acres & A Mute Filmworks
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Spike Lee,
Do the Right Thing
Lee’s work is characterized by a
strong commitment to social
justice issues
Film focuses on race relations
between Italian-Americans and
African-Americans in a NYC
neighborhood
Film is sympathetic to all parties
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Artwork: Carrie Mae Weems,
“You Became a Scientific Profile”
4.10.10 Carrie Mae
Weems, “You Became
a Scientific Profile,” from
the series From Here I Saw
What Happened and I Cried,
1995. Chromogenic color
prints with sand-blasted
text on glass 25⅝ × 22¾”,
MoMA, New York
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Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
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Carrie Mae Weems,
“You Became a
Scientific Profile”
Reinterpreted nineteenth-century
photographs of African slaves
Colored them red, framed them,
and inscribed the glass with text
Challenges ideas of race, gender,
class
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Chapter 4.10 Identity , Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Identity and Ambiguity
Roles of men and women
frequently based on ideas of what
is “normal”
These stereotypes are frequently
challenged
Artists from many cultures and
eras of history have sought to
address questions of identity
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Artwork: Sphinx of
Hatshepsut
4.10.11 Sphinx of Hatshepsut, 18th
Dynasty, 1479–1458 BCE. Granite and
paint, 5’4⅝” × 11’3”. Metropolitan
Museum of Art, New York
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Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Sphinx of Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut was a powerful female
ruler almost 3,500 years ago in
Egypt
In sculptures, often depicted in
conventional poses of male rulers
Shown with traditional headcloth
and royal beard, but delicate
features are not disguised
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Artwork: Nikki S. Lee, Hip Hop
Project (25)
4.10.12 Nikki S. Lee, Hip Hop Project (25), 2001. Fujiflex print
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Nikki S. Lee,
Hip Hop Project (25)
Korean artist Nikki S. Lee joined a
number of different communities
For the Hip Hop Project she
darkened her skin through tanning;
immersed herself in the hip hop
music scene
Considers her identity to be very
fluid
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
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Artwork: Catherine Opie,
“Melissa & Lake […]”
4.10.13 Catherine Opie, “Melissa & Lake, Durham, North Carolina,” from Domestic series, 1998. Chromogenic print, 40 × 50”
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Catherine Opie,
“Melissa & Lake,
Durham, North Carolina”
Investigates the nuances of gender
and identity
Domestic series: photographed
lesbian couples across the US
Celebrates individuality
Introduces some to new ways of
life
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Art and Gender videos
Watch these videos to gain more insights into the theme of Art and Gender:
Video:
Angelica Kauffmann:
A Pioneering Female Artist
Video:
Audrey Flack: Photorealism and Vanitas
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
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Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Art and Gender videos (contd.)
Watch these videos to gain more insights into the theme of Art and Gender:
Video:
Sandro Botticelli: The Birth of Venus
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
MoMA Videos
To learn more about identity, race, and gender, watch these videos of MoMA lecturers talking about pieces from
the MoMA collection:
MoMA Video
Pablo Picasso,
Girl before a Mirror
MoMA Video:
Pablo Picasso,
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
MoMA Videos (contd.)
MoMA Video
Barbara Kruger,
Untitled (You Invest in the Divinity of the
Masterpiece)
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Second Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
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Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
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THEMES
Chapter 4.10 Copyright
Information
This concludes the PowerPoint slide set for Chapter 4.10
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts
Second Edition
By Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields
Copyright © 2015 Thames & Hudson
PowerPoints developed by CreativeMyndz Multimedia Studios
Chapter 4.10 Identity, Race, and Gender in Art
PART 4
THEMES
Picture Credits for Chapter 4.10
4.10.1
4.10.2
4.10.3
4.10.4
Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden
Private Collection
Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City. © 2012 Banco de México Diego Rivera Frida Kahlo Museums Trust,
Mexico, D.F./DACS
Courtesy the artist and Metro Pictures
4.10.5
Brooklyn Museum, Gift of the Elizabeth A. Sackler Foundation, 2002.10. Photo © Donald Woodman.
© Judy Chicago, 1979. © ARS, NY and DACS, London 2012
4.10.6
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
4.10.7
4.10.8
Detroit Institute of Arts, Gift of Mr. Leslie H. Green
Copyright © by Guerrilla Girls, Inc. Courtesy www.guerrillagirls.com
4.10.9 Universal/The Kobal Collection
4.10.10 Museum of Modern Art, New York, Gift on behalf of The Friends of Education of The Museum of Modern Art,
Acc. no. 70.1997.2. Photo 2012, Museum of Modern Art, New York/Scala, Florence. Courtesy the artist and
Jack Shainman Gallery, New York
4.10.11 Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1931, Acc. no. 31.3.166. Photo Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art
Resource/Scala, Florence
4.10.12 Courtesy the artist and Sikkema Jenkins & Co.
4.10.13 Courtesy Regen Projects, Los Angeles
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