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Write a paper on Agriculture Project proposal.
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Outline
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Running head: PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR FOOD SUSTAINABILITY IN BANGLADESH
Project Proposal for Food Sustainability in Bangladesh
Student's Name
Course Number-Name of Course
Instructor’s Name
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PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR FOOD SUSTAINABILITY IN BANGLADESH
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Project Proposal for Food Sustainability in Bangladesh
A. Overall Summary
Food is a basic need for human beings. Access to quality food at an affordable rate is
what every member in society looks up to for proper nutrition and health benefits. Lack of
quality food leads to malnutrition and other related anomalies hence reducing the general welfare
of people in a given society (Al-Amin, 2010). High food prices lead to the decreased access to
food to members of the community where the low-income earners become the most affected.
This case is not new to Bangladesh, a country in the Asian region with most of its occupants
being the Muslims. According to World Food Program (WFP, 2018), the most consumed type of
food in the country is cereals and specifically rice. The production of this commodity has been
constant and supplementing the needs of the nation, until recently, notes WFP and Food and
Agricultural Organization (FAO). Using a moving average method, it has been identified that the
production of rice in the country has decreased for the last three years. This is a cause of concern
for the residents of the nation and the policymakers. Food security has reduced, and dependence
on imported food products has increased from 85% in 2013 to 73% in 2017 (WFP, 2018).
Instability of rice and other cereal production in the country has mainly been attributed to natural
disaster leading to high prices which most consumers cannot buy due to high inflation rates and
absolute poverty (CBN, 2018). A report given by the minister of finance in the country, Mr.
AMA Muhith suggested that the country had hit an all-time high rice prices in 2017 selling at TK
70 per kg. Muhith reiterated that efforts were in place to ensure that the prices drop to TK 40 per
kg to ensure that even the least fortunate had something to supplement their diet. The situation
would be corrected by relying more on the imported rice from Thailand, India, and Cambodia.
Besides, the introduction of International Fund for Agriculture Development was another
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measure outlined to be the solution to the food crisis in the country. These among the steps
which will be proposed in this paper will ensure that the demand for food products in the country
is satiated and the problems of malnutrition eradicated.
B. Analyzing the Prevailing Problem
According to a research conducted by … the main problem which is facing Bangladesh is
its inability to tap the full potential of agriculture in the country to ensure that there is food
security (Davy, 2016). The country has an average annual gross domestic product of 7.1% with a
population of 163million as at 2016 (WFP, 2018). The average fertility rate of women in the
country is estimated at 2.14%. With this vast population, it is evident that the country has to do
everything to ensure that nothing causes a shortage in its ability to produce and feed her
population. The following facts released by the World Food Program, UNICEF and WFO are a
clear indication of the menace being faced by the country. The outlined facts are results of an
inability to food to utilize agriculture to feed the high population at an affordable.
B (i). Causes of these Problems
Bangladesh is faced with the problem of failing to produce agricultural products to meet
the demand of its population. Most people, especially women and children in the country have
cited the problem and fear of natural calamities as, the reasons why they chose to undertake other
activities and buy agricultural products instead (Mallick and Rafi, 2010). These vagaries include
drought, floods or cyclones which affect the agricultural output hence making the country
embark on importation.
Erosion occurs hence doing away with the fertile content of the soil which is used for
agricultural practices. In the Northern Region of Bangladesh, for example, there is frequent cold
PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR FOOD SUSTAINABILITY IN BANGLADESH
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breezes or waves which constantly wipe out the food crops. These natural disasters can be
attributed to the changes in climatic conditions (Hosain and others, 2008). Inadequate access to
arable land has also been cited as another cause of food insecurity in the country.
Moreover, the food crisis in the country has also associated with extreme poverty. It is
important to note at this point that the country has well-functioning markets, but the problem
emanates from the fact that not all consumers can afford the food products since they are
unemployed and are wading in absolute poverty (Ahmed and others, 2010). This has led to what
is referred to as Monga in the country which relates to the seasonality in food access especially
due to absolute poverty.
Hossain and others (2008) state that infrastructure which enables the agricultural products
to get to the market gets destroyed by natural calamities. The food crisis can only be solved when
three factors are addressed: food availability where food supplements are available in the market
in abundance, food access where citizens must have adequate acquisition of food supplements
and food utilization where the food consumed has nutritional value. It has also been identified
that the most influential aspect of agricultural activities in the country is due to the sophisticated
land ownership rights (Davy, 2016). It has been determined that most people, especially the poor
often find themselves losing land to the most powerful and influential figures in the society (AlAmin, 2016).
B (ii). Effects of Poor Agricultural Production in Bangladesh
Hunger has been highlighted as the major cause of worry for Bangladesh’s worry about
its posterity and ability to satiate the demand for food for more than 160m people. It has been
established that undernutrition costs the country more than $ 1bn due to healthcare costs and
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inability to produce goods and services (Talukda and others, 2010). The WFP (2018) also notes
that approximately 7 million of the kids in the country (roughly 41%) who are below five years
of age are in chronic malnutrition conditions. The indicators and evidence to this finding is the
fact that the kids seem to be too stunted for their age.
Surprisingly, the weight-for-height figures cut across every household with more than
25% of the well-off family kids being malnourished (Subramanian and others, 2014). The hunger
and malnutrition cases in the country have been identified to have been most evident and
apparent in children and their mothers unlike in men. Anemic cases in Bangladesh, especially for
infants below the age of five, has been estimated to be 33.3%. UNICEF report identifies that it is
only one in five kids in a household who have access to more than four out of the seven
prerequisite food types for diversity and dietary purposes (Minten and others, 2013). The growth
in wages of the residents of the country which has happened in the last five years has not been
accompanied with the ability to consume balanced diet due to the inflation rates which puts the
prices of essential commodities far from the reach of the low-income earners. Finally, the
detailed report inferences that five in twenty women in the country were underweight and
exhibited shortness of stature indicating that their offspring would also have malnutrition
(Mallick and others, 2010).
C. Results Framework
The author is convinced that through the interventions which will be proposed in this
paper, there will be an increase in food security in Bangladesh. For this to happen, there must be
a couple of interventions which need to be put in place to ensure that there is ample food
availability, foods access by everyone in the country as well as excellent food utilization. The
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proposed interventions are changes in government policies, development of the existing
infrastructure and supporting the farmers through provision of inputs, education, and training.
Besides, there is dire need to have the land ownership rights reviewed to ensure that land
available for farming is not only for the rich who further impoverish the poor (Davy, 2016).
Through the analysis of the situation, it is right to say that the policies which will be aimed at
ensuring that the poor people in the country have food security will have reduced the current
number of food insecure population from 60 million to a manageable figure.
C (i)
Provision of Inputs, Farmer Education, and Training
From the analysis above, it is evident that natural calamities are one of the main reasons
why there is a persistent food shortage in the country (Hossain and others, 2008). The natural
calamities which we have identified include droughts and dry spells, extra cold waves, and
cyclones. These challenges are known to cause considerable losses to the firms after they sweep
across the fields causing vast menace. It is arguable that we can do little about climate and
natural dangers. However, the little we are capable of doing has the potential to cause significant
changes in food security.
For instance, when the government is involved in the provision of inputs, the farmers will
get the best quality. It is crucial to note that the quality of the inputs, whether it is the fertilizers
or the seeds, determines to a great extent the amount and quality which will be harvested
(Ahmed and Del Ninno, 2012). Quality inputs ensure that pests do not infest the food crops or
attacked by diseases before they are mature. When this is done, the output of rice, cereals and
other agricultural products will increase hence leading to food security.
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Training the farmers on the best farming practices, methods and ways to avoid losses is
crucial since most farmers do not know about the best practices (Ahmed and Del Ninno, 2012).
Through government intervention for education on best farming practices such as mixed
farming, irrigation during the times of drought and farming when the natural vagaries are less
likely to occur will boost not only the agricultural output but also the nutritional value of food
supplements due to the presence of a variety (Talukder nd others, 2014). Subsequently, the
dangers of malnutrition in Bangladesh will decrease significantly.
C (ii).
Soil Conservation Methods and the Review of Land Ownership Laws
Soil erosion becomes apparent in the country when natural calamities such as flash floods
and heavy rains occur. The erosion results in percolation and infiltration of nutrients which are
required for fertile soils which support productivity (Hosain and others, 2008). When this
happens, yields decrease leading to the low availability of food in Bangladesh. However, soil
erosion is a problem which can be solved if there is political will. The government should roll
out a project to construct gallows which help in reducing the amount of soil lost in a given area.
This will contribute to soil fertility and eventually increase the agricultural production in the
country. Increases in the productivity of agriculture means that the country will be food secure.
Additionally, the issue of land ownership needs to be addressed. This project will closely
work with the authorities to ensure that land issues are solved. This is because currently, there
are scrupulous yet influential figures in the society who claim the land ownership of the lowly in
the society. This leads to a situation where the landlords have a bounty of acres with their
counterparts having none. This not only makes the poor to appear like mere workers but also
proves to be a demotivating factor further leading to decreased productivity. When these issues
are resolved, the lowly will enjoy the new tenure system and engage in productive activities with
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the endeavor of fighting the hunger menace. Through the application of collaboration measures
between the government and the farmers, these policies will be resolved.
C (iii).
Developing and Rectifying the Available Infrastructure
This project seeks to collaborate with the government to ensure that there is minimum
wastage of agricultural products from the farm to the places where the food products are needed.
This goal can be achieved through the process of enhancing the infrastructure to reduce further
the delays and lags which occur between the times the agricultural products are taken from the
field and when they get in the hands of the targeted consumers. Consequently, through the
establishment of a framework, state of the art and...