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3 separate essay with Reference each.
Answer all the questions for each essay
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Hello there,I just wanted to inform you that I am attaching to this message the 3 essays which contain the answer to all subjects. You have 3 files attached, all Microsoft office (.docx format) and each of them consists of 2 mini -500 words essays that answer all the questions that were requestedEssay 1+ Part A - consists of an essay regarding the respiratory muscles+ Part B- consists of information regarding a pathology known as sarcopeniaEssay 2+ Part A - consists of an essay regarding the movement elements ( prime movers, antagonists, synergists, fixators)+Part B- consists of an essay regarding the autonomic nervous systemBonus Essay+ Part A - consists of an essay regarding flaccid paralysis and spastic paralysis+ Part B- consists of an essay regarding the two major type of arthritis: rheumatoid and osteoarthritisEach essay has it's own reference ( Part A- reference / Part B- reference ) written in APA format and included after each essay.---Please confirm that you got the file. In case you need any kind of changes I will be here to provide them.
Health
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Essay 1 :
[Your Name]
[class name: number]
April 22, 2018
[Professor Name]
Essay 1
2
Essay 1 A
Respiration is described as being the function of the body through which oxygen is
obtained in order to be used by all the cells in the organism and through which the carbon
dioxide is eliminated. In order for this process to take place several muscles work together by
contracting or relaxing. Before discussing these elements, it is important to take into
consideration that the respiration process has two main phases: the inspiration during which the
inspiratory muscle contract and the expiratory ones relax, and expiration. (Nave,2015)
A major muscle that is essential for this process is known as the diaphragm. It consists of
two main areas, a larger one which is the costal part and which originates at the level of the
lowest six ribs and cartilage and the crural one which is connected to the second to the fourth of
the lumbar vertebrae but it doesn't move during respiration. During inspiration the diaphragm
contracts, making it flatten and in this way increasing the volume inside the thoracic cavity. In
the opposite situation, the muscle will relax and the curve of the diaphragm will be pointed
upwards in this way reducing the volume of the cavity .(Johns Hopkins,1995)
Another core muscles are considered the intercostal ones. The external ones originate at
the level of the ribs number 1 to 11 and insert of the ribs 2 to 12. They are considered inspiration
muscles as their contract expands the chest by pulling the ribs in an upward and outward
direction. The internal ones have the same origin and insertion but are part of the expiration
process. When they contract, the ribs are pulled this time downwards and inward.(Kaneshiro
,2016)
Accessory muscles for the inspiration process also consists of the sternocleidomastoid
and pectoralis minor. The first one, as its name states, originates from two different points the
sternum and the clavicle and inserts on the mastoid process at the level of the skull. The
Essay 1
pectoralis minor origins at the level of the 3rd to the 5th rib and inserts on the coracoid process
of the scapula. Its action is to draw the scapula in a downward and forward direction in this way
increasing the volume of the thorax cavity.(Loyola University,2015)
On the other hand, the accessory muscles for expiration are the abdominals one which
tends to contract in order o compress the abdomen and the quadratus lumborum which pulls the
rib down. As it can be seen, both of them will reduce the volume of the thorax cavity and in this
way, more air will be expelled from the lungs. .(Loyola University,2015)
As it can be seen, all the muscles involved in respiration either work in a synergic or
antagonist way. Their main role is either to compress the thorax cavity in order to eliminate the
air or increase its volume in order to increase the intake. Accessory muscles tend to become
active especially during forced inspiration or expiration during when the body needs an even
larger volume of air.
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Essay 1
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References
R Nave,(2015),Respiration,,Chapter 19 , Online textbook, Retrieved on 4/22/2018 from:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/respir.html
Johns Hopkins University,(1995), Diaphragm , Online Presentation ,Retrieved on
4/22/2018 from: http://oac.med.jhmi.edu/res_phys/Encyclopedia/Diaphragm/Diaphr...