Description
I need 3 different essays .
Answer all the question for each essay and separate them (Each essay has 3 questions A&B )
2 pages for each essay ( 250 words each page)
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Explanation & Answer
Here you go buddy.
Attached.
Running head: CRANIAL NERVES AND SENSORY PATHWAYS
Cranial Nerves and Sensory Pathways
Name:
Institution:
1
CRANIAL NERVES AND SENSORY PATHWAYS
2
A. Cranial Nerves and Sensory Pathways
There are 12 sets of cranial nerves which perform various roles. Part of the cranial nerves
consolidates both sensory and motor functions. Other cranial nerves are connected to vital organs
like the heart and lungs. This paper looks at four different cranial nerves based on their
functionality.
Optic Nerve (Sensory): This is the second cranial nerve (CN II) which performs purely
sensory roles. Visual information from eyes like the light is transformed into an image by the
retina and transmitted via impulses to the brain for interpretation (Salazar, 2018). This nerve is
found at the back of our eyes, and it can be seen as a brain extension.
Oculomotor Nerve (Motor): It is a motor nerve that is majorly tasked with controlling
eye movements such as pupil constriction. It is the third nerve according to the hierarchy denoted
by CN III. It controls the eyelids and the pupil. This nerve originates from a nerve core located in
the central grey matter, and it comprises of visceral and somatic components (Salazar, 2018).
Facial Nerve (Mixed functionality): It is CN VII, and it controls facial expressions. It
rises out of brainstem pons and is also tasked with managing some taste sensations. They control
facial muscles and transmits taste sensations to the anterior tongue.
Trigeminal nerve (CN V): It performs sensory and motor functions associated with the
face of pain, touch, and biting among other features. It rises from the posterior fossa part of the
brainstem and connects to different parts of the face like scalp, forehead, and jaws.
B. Sensory Pathways
CRANIAL NERVES AND SENSORY PATHWAYS
3
Various pathways transmit various information to the brain. They include the
spinothalamic, corticospinal and posterior column-medial lemniscus tract. Senses such as pain,
touch, temperatures, and taste are transmitted to either the cerebral cortex for interpretation and
initiation of reflex actions. A spinothalamic pathway is an ascending path that connects the spine
with the thalamus. Various bodily information such as pain, temperature, and touch is
transmitted to the brain (Specifically thalamus) so that the brain initiates conscious reactions. On
the other hand, a corticospinal tract is a descending one (Jones, 2018). It relays vital information
obtained from the brain (Cerebral cortex) to the spinal cord. It...