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The Pathophysiology of Diabetes Type I
Introduction
The endocrine system is one of the most important body systems. It is made up of a complex
network of hormones, glands, and feedback loops, that work together in a bid to regulate the
multitude of bodily functions. One of the most popular hormones of the endocrine system is
insulin, which plays a key role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. The gland responsible
for the production of insulin is the pancreas. Other than insulin production at the beta cells within
the islets of Langerhans of the pancreases, it is also responsible for producing digestive juices. In
a healthy individual, the pancreas is able to produce adequate insulin, which can be released into
the blood stream. However, there are cases where the pancreatic beta cells become damaged,
typically due to autoimmune attacks by immune cells. When this happens, the affected individual
develops type I diabetes due to a decline of insulin production. Type I diabetes makes up about 5–
10% of all instances of diabetes. This condition affects people of all age groups. However,
incidences rise between adolescence and the early stages of adulthood. Furthermore, type 1
diabetes is far more prevalent in adults than in children since the affected individuals sometimes
live for several decades after the disease first arises. It is approximated that about 5.9 out of every
10,000 persons globally are affected by this disease with an annual incidence rate of 15 per 100,000
people (Holt, et al., 2021).
Pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes
The onset of Type 1 diabetes is caused by numero...
