One and a half pages

User Generated

avpbyravpbyr

Writing

Description

You have to theories to work with one is from chapter 10 and the other one is from chapter 11 which are attached below. For each theory, complete the following. 1) Describe the theory. 2) Then, explain how the theory can be used to explain real-world communication phenomena; feel free to provide examples of any real-world communication phenomena.

Theory number 1: Relational Dialectics theory – A perspective that emphasizes the trade-offs and conflicting desires that create tensions within close relationships (Baxter & Montgomery, 1996). ---- Find in Chapter 10

Theory number 2: Systems theory – “A general perspective that emphasizes how different objects work together to form a larger entity” (Solomon & Theiss, 2013, p. 299). ---- Find in Chapter 11


a total of One and a half pages or Two.

Unformatted Attachment Preview

Today’s goals  Components of intimacy and love  Maintaining intimacy  Dialectical tensions theory Components of intimacy include:  Closeness ( = interdependence)  Openness ( = self-disclosure)  Trust  Affection (positive feelings)  Mutuality ( = rewarding) •How can we categorize love? Loving…♥ Different Styles of loving are combinations of… •Intimacy •Passion •Commitment Sternberg ‘a triangular theory of love Different Styles of Loving Couples in the experimenting stage of relationship? Couples in the bonding stage of relationship? FWB couples Maintaining intimacy  Routine maintenance - Behaviors that are performed unintentionally but that help a relationship function (e.g., sharing daily routines) Maintaining intimacy – cont.  Strategic maintenance - Intentionally performed behaviors with the goal of relationship maintenance (e.g., being open or being apart, assuring commitment)  Why do we need the strategic maintenance rule? (e.g., for the case of friends-with-benefits relationship) Group Discussion+ In-class question 1. Watch the clip carefully for how “FwB” couples maintain intimacy. 2. Think about ONE strategic or routine maintenance rule for the following “a-d” rules. Provide your answer on the paper. 3. How are these rules helpful to manage intimacy? Provide answer. a. Emotional rules? b. Communication rules? c. Sex rules? d. Friendship rules? Discussion content from Chap. 9 Why do we need rules of maintenance in a relationship? Because of “Dialectical tensions” in relationships Relational dialectics theory •A perspective that emphasizes the trade-offs and conflicting desires that create tensions within close relationships (Baxter & Montgomery, 1996) •e.g., liberalism ------------------------- conservatism being close ----------------------- being apart Relational dialectics theory •Balancing dialectical tensions is closely associated with relationship satisfaction (e.g., maintenance of communication rules in FwB relationships) •Relational dialectical tensions are largely divided into internal (e.g., tensions within a couple) and external dialects (e.g., tensions between couples and others) Dialectical tensions Openness / Privacy Dialectic • Decisions about how much to share with whom • Internal dialectic: Self disclosure without opening too much vs. keeping something in private • External dialectic: Reveal relationship to others vs. conceal your relationship from others Dialectical tensions – Cont. Autonomy / Connection Dialectic • Internal dialectic: Decisions about how to jointly participate in shared activities vs. having time for individuals’ own activities • External dialectic: Spending time together away from others vs. spending time together with others Dialectical tensions – Cont. Novelty / Predictability Dialectic • Internal dialectic: Becoming predictable but remaining interesting at the same time • External dialectic: Having a special and unique relationship vs. Avoiding weird and unusual relationship Openness/Privacy dialectics – Autonomy/Connection dialectics – Novelty/Predictability dialectics Nature of Relational Dialectic and Strategies to Maintain Dialectical Tensions Review Autonomy vs. Connection dialectics How couples maintain independenceconnection goals (e.g., spending time together but respecting another’s privacy) Openness vs. Privacy dialectics How adolescents decide what to talk or what to avoid talking in their relationship with the parents. Relational dialectic: Our desire to pursue two opposing goals in a relationship “our need for security, for predictability, for safety…..” + “our need for adventure, for novelty, for mystery, for risk, for danger…..” Balancing opposing goals Spiraling alterations • Cycling through the two poles of the tension • Also known as cyclic alternation e.g., couples cycle through periods of togetherness, followed by another period of autonomy (or cycles of highly predictable, then novel activities) Segmentation • Pursuing different sides of a dialectical tensions in different aspects of a relationship e.g., The couple chooses to avoid sharing certain information (e.g., having a baby together or not) while sharing other routines (e.g., moving in together) Balance • Compromising or diluting both ends of the tension • Also known as moderation e.g., indulging in small talk that is open but superficial; one is neither fully disclosing nor fully closed Forgoing balances between the opposing goals Denial • Ignoring one pole of the dialectic e.g., Thinking that being a couple means that one should always be together; the need to be separate or autonomous is regarded as a problem. Disorientation • Withdrawal from the relationships to avoid the stress created by the dialectical tension • Caused by a feeling of not knowing what to do e.g. giving up having a conversation with another person if this person is not likely to accommodate my needs Adjusting individual views on the tension Recalibration • Reframing the situation – thinking that the two poles of the dialectic no longer seem to be in conflict e.g., A couple realizing that securing each other’s independent interests and goals allows them to have a more desirable connection Reaffirmation • The opposite of denial; acknowledging and accepting tensions. • If couples reaffirm, they may use “balance” strategy. Group discussion- Application of different dialectical tensions • For each of the following ways to manage dialectical tensions, provide an example of tension between social media users and social media companies; in terms of how the openness vs. privacy dialectical tension occurs. • For example, for spiraling alterations, we may think of a user who manages his/her routine of deactivating and activating Facebook account. Spiraling alterations Segmentation Balance Recalibration Denial Disorientation Reaffirmation How does Carrie manage the dialectical tensions with Aidan? Spiraling alteration Segmentation Balance Denial Disorientation Individual differences in managing intimacy Sex differences and intimacy  Ways to form intimacy e.g., female friendships feature mutual self- disclosure vs. male friendships involve the enjoyment of shared activities  Ways to find a romantic partner e.g., men are attracted to attractive women vs. women are attracted to men who value commitment Attachment style & Intimacy View of Self Positive View of Others Negative Positive Secure Comfortable being close to others; trust Dismissing Others are unreliable, untrustworthy; avoid relationships; deny the need for closeness Negative Preoccupied Want to be close to others; but with doubt whether other people really care about them Fearful Trust neither themselves nor others; Uncomfortable; anxious Attachment styles and relational outcomes  People having a secure attachment style – May have a longer lasting and more satisfying relationship  People having a dismissive or fearful attachment style - May have a hard time managing consistent intimacy (e.g., engagement in sexual infidelity) Ways to manage connections with others Case study – Love & Hate How people manage connections with out-group members How feelings of intimacy formed within a group (e.g., family, fraternity/sorority, republican/democratic parties, etc) may influence ways in which the group members perceive and treat others outside of the group? Case study – Love & Hate Connections formed within a group may influence how members of the group perceive out-group members. (e.g., dehumanized actions such as Nazis' persecution of Jews during the Holocaust or torture at the AbuGhraib prison in Iraq) COMMUNICATION IN FAMILIES Chapter 11 Definition of family FAMILY: “a network of people who create a sense of home, share a collective identity, experience a common history, and envision a similar future” Key Question 1. How does the family nurture and protect its members? FAMILY FUNCTIONS - 1 Keep the family system running and serve individual members of the family Family socialization: Teaching behaviors that are appropriate, expected, and moral FAMILY FUNCTIONS - 2 Providing care/protection, intellectual development, and emotional supports “Myth of family dinner” - Dinner makes a strong family: importance of family gathering in nurturing membership- FAMILY FUNCTIONS - 3 Transmission: Teaching how to belong to a particular cultural group (e.g., religious group, ethnic community) What are some cultural practices you learned from your family? How did your family teach you these practices? FAMILY STRUCTURE – AS A SYSTEM 1 Systems theory – “A general perspective that emphasizes how different objects work together to form a larger entity” (Solomon & Theiss, 2013, p. 299) FAMILY STRUCTURE – AS A SYSTEM 2 A system is a bounded set of objects that interrelate with one another to form a whole. e.g., human body, business organization, family, etc FAMILY STRUCTURE – AS A SYSTEM 3 Subsystems refer to relationships that are formed between just a few members of the larger system. •Family subsystems: - Spouses/partners - Parent-child - Siblings FAMILY STRUCTURE – AS A SYSTEM 4 •A system is characterized by the interactions of its components (i.e., subsystems) “The family is not just a collection of individuals. It is the whole greater than the sum of its parts.” (Martel, 2011, p.2) → The action of one family member will affect the other members. How does the change in marriage trend in the U.S. influence the dynamic of family system? (e.g., parents-children relationships) Case study 1. The changing face of families - Gender role How does changing gender role influence the dynamic of family system (e.g., father-child relationships) ? Case study 1. The changing face of families - Gender role How does changing gender role influence the dynamic of family system (e.g., father-child relationships) ? Case study 2. The changing view of families – Legal bond What is the role of “legal bond” in maintaining family system (e.g., parents-child relationships) ? Pew Research Center asked whether people Agree or Disagree with the following contemporary family trend. “More unmarried couples raising children; more gay and lesbian couples raising children; more people living together without getting married; more women not ever having children…….” About 31% of population accepted the above family types (37% skeptics and 32% rejecters) GROUP DISCUSSION CONFLICTS AND FAMILY SYSTEM Reflecting on systems theory, explain the process by which parental conflicts influence the adolescents’ behaviors, as well as their physical, psychological, and social well-being. FAMILY AS A SYSTEM Key Question 2 How does the family operate as a system to promote intimacy among family members? Boundary management FAMILY AS A SYSTEM BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT Boundaries and communication Boundaries between members Boundaries between subsystems Boundaries between system and external world Notions of privacy and openness are important to manage the system of family. HOW TO MANAGE INTERPERSONAL BOUNDARIES IN FAMILY? Communication Privacy Management theory (CPM) •Focuses on the importance of maintaining appropriate distance from other family members through regulating information sharing CPM oTheoretical assumptions • People feel that they “own” their own information • People have simultaneous desire for openness and closure (Recall dialectical tensions for maintaining intimacy, e.g., openness / privacy dialectics) CPM - cont. •Regulating tensions between openness and privacy is important to maintain appropriate relationships. • Once information is shared, disclosers and recipients of the information “coown” and share the responsibility to manage the “boundary” of information (e.g., keeping secrets together) How to manage boundaries among family members (Recall internal dialectics) VARIATIONS ON THE FAMILY SYSTEM How to manage boundaries between the family and outside systems (Recall external dialectics) VARIATIONS ON THE FAMILY SYSTEM FAMILY COMMUNICATION PATTERNS Conversation orientation Frequent, spontaneous, and unrestrained communication Open to everyone’s different opinions So, when conversation orientation is low, family members are discouraged to communicate openly FAMILY COMMUNICATION PATTERNS Conformity orientation The extent to which the family encourages members to have similar attitudes, beliefs, and values High conformity orientation: Children are expected to show obedience to their parents and older adults FAMILY COMMUNICATION PATTERNS High conformity orientation High conversation Consensual: orientation Pressure to agree family hierarchy. Parents make decisions while trying to listen to their children Low conformity orientation Pluralistic All family members are involved equally in decision making. Value open and unconstrained communication Low conversation Protective: Laissez faire orientation Obedience on parental All family members authority, little concern allowed to make their for open communication own decisions. Rare communication about topics and decisions
Purchase answer to see full attachment
User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Running head: REAL-WORLD COMMUNICATION PHENOMENA

Real World Communication Phenomena
Name
Institution

1

REAL-WORLD COMMUNICATION PHENOMENA
Real-world Communication Phenomena
Relational dialectics theory is referred to as an interpersonal communication theory that
explains the pattern of communication that happens between people when in a relationship. The
rational dialectic theory concentrates on the struggle and tension in a relationship (Baxter &
Montgomery, 1996). Usually, the tension is within the relational partner or between them and the
society. In communication, dialectics are referred to as competing states produced via dialogue.
Relational dialectics are either internal or external. Internal dialectics are the tension between
partners, and the external dialectics are...


Anonymous
Just what I needed…Fantastic!

Studypool
4.7
Trustpilot
4.5
Sitejabber
4.4

Similar Content

Related Tags