philisophy exam- critical thinking

User Generated

OENL619

Humanities

Description

this is my philosophy exam that i need help with, easy critical thinking concepts, deals with fallacies.

Unformatted Attachment Preview

NAME: Part I: Fallacies. Circle the answer that fits BEST. (2 pts each) 1) During the 10 years that Mr. Jones has been principal of his high school, 12 students have come down with mononucleosis. Obviously, to prevent any further cases, we should fire Mr. Jones immediately. (a) False Cause (b) Weak Analogy (c) Against the Person (d) Appeal to Pity (e) No Fallacy 2) Clearly the moral standards of our youth have decayed. Recently, two kindergarten teachers appeared on a respected talk show, and they were convinced that today’s youth have no morals at all. (a) Hasty Gen. (b) Appeal to Unqual. Authority (c) Red Herring (d) Appeal to Force (e) No Fallacy 3) None of our scientists have ever proven that there is life on Mars. Therefore, there probably isn’t. (a) Appeal to Ignorance (b) Red Herring (c) Straw Man (d) The Mars Fallacy (e) No Fallacy 4) It is not a good idea to put your child in a day care center. Separation from parents causes anxiety and alienation. Soon the child becomes incapable of relating to other children, and this makes them depressed. As the child gets older, the depression leads to psychosis. The final result is either suicide or a life spent in a mental institution. (a) False Cause (b) Appeal to Pity (c) Against the Person (d) Slippery Slope (e) No Fallacy 5) Either you contribute to the American Cancer Foundation, or you don’t care about finding a cure for cancer. The choice should be clear. (a) Appeal to Force (b) Appeal to Pity (c) Complex Question (d) False Dichotomy (e) No Fallacy 6) Acme Wine is the finest wine in the United States. This is true because it’s preferred by more people of discriminating taste. Furthermore, we know that it’s preferred by more people of discriminating taste because it is the highest quality wine in the country. (a) Slippery Slope (b) False Cause (c) Begging the Question (d) Hasty Gen. (e) No Fallacy 7) All humans are mortal. Socrates was a human. Therefore, Socrates was mortal. (a) Hasty Gen. (b) Weak Analogy (c) Against the Person (d) Begging the Question (e) No Fallacy 8) Smith, Adams, and Harris all outlived their wives, and their wives were younger than them. It must be the case that men outlive women these days. (a) False Cause (b) Appeal to the People (c) Weak Analogy (d) Hasty Gen. (e) No Fallacy 9) A spokesman for the government has argued that our insistence on a 12% increase in pay for steel workers is inflationary. But the government’s own actions are far more inflationary than ours. The government just gave a 15% increase to every single employee of the giant federal bureaucracy. (a) Against the Person (b) Appeal to Force (c) Appeal to Ignorance (d) Straw Man (e) No Fallacy 10) A tuna lives in water because it’s a fish, and if it’s a fish then it lives in water. (a) False Cause (b) Begging the Question (c) Weak Analogy (d) Hasty Gen. (e) No Fallacy 11) Aspirin is an analgesic drug, and it is appropriately purchased over the counter. Morphine, like aspirin, is an analgesic drug. Therefore, it would be appropriate that morphine be available over the counter. (a) Weak Analogy (b) Appeal to Pity (c) Appeal to Ignorance (d) Red Herring (e) No Fallacy 12) You have been rather outspoken lately in your criticism of the administration, but I am sure that you will want to keep your mouth shut in the future, because several of those of you who have been critical in the past have now lost their jobs. (a) Against the Person (b) Appeal to the People (c) Appeal to Force (d) Red Herring (e) No Fallacy 13) Would your husband mind if I bought you a drink? (a) Complex Question (b) Appeal to Force (c) Straw man (d) Begging the Question (e) No Fallacy 14) Physician assisted suicide is wrong, because it is immoral to have a doctor help you kill yourself. (a) Straw Man (b) Weak Analogy (c) Appeal to the People (d) Begging the Question (e) No Fallacy 15) Mr. Smith has just given his argument against affirmative action for women. It seems that what he is saying is that women should stay out of the workplace altogether. Just keep them barefoot and pregnant, that’s what he wants. Well, I think we are all smart enough to reject that argument. (a) Against the Person (b) Hasty Gen. (c) Straw Man (d) Appeal to Force (e) No Fallacy 16) Most elderly people who are hospitalized with cancer eventually die from the disease. Thus, if an elderly person wants to recover from cancer he or she must, at all costs, refuse hospitalization. (a) Appeal to Ignorance (b) Appeal to the People (c) Unqual. Authority (d) False Cause (e) No Fallacy 17) No one has ever proven that smoking small amounts of marijuana over long periods of time is harmful. We can therefore conclude that this practice is completely safe. (a) Red Herring (b) False Cause (c) Appeal to Ignorance (d) Appeal to Unqual. Authority (e) No Fallacy 18) Mr. Jones, surely you will find me qualified for the position in your department. I provide the sole support for my aged mother, who is crippled and has Alzheimer’s, and I know if I don’t get a job soon I will have a nervous breakdown. (a) Appeal to Ignorance (b) Red Herring (c) Appeal to Pity (d) Against the person (e) No Fallacy 19) More people in America drink Budweiser than any other beer. Clearly then, if you drink beer, you ought to be drinking Budweiser. (a) Appeal to Ignorance (b) Weak Analogy (c) Hasty Gen. (d) Appeal to the People (e) No Fallacy 20) Napoleon became a great emperor because he was so short. (a) False Cause (b) Weak Analogy (c) Hasty Gen. (d) Appeal to the People (e) No Fallacy Part II: Please answer the following to the best of your ability. 21. Succinctly explain the difference between an inductive argument and a deductive one. (5 pts) 22. List the five common types of inductive argumentation that we looked at in class. (2 pts) 23. What are the terms (concepts) used when evaluating inductive arguments? (2 pts) 24. Briefly describe the procedure involved when evaluating inductive arguments in general. Describe this procedure STEP-BY-STEP! (6 pts) Part III: Analogies. For each argument by analogy, determine how the subsequent factors would affect strength. Would it strengthen the argument, weaken the argument, or have no effect? Justify your response using the principles whenever possible. (2 pts each) 25. Maria is in the mood for sushi, and she recalls that her friend Juan liked the sushi at Acme Sushi’s downtown location. From this, Maria concludes that she too will like the sushi there. How do the following factors bear on Maria’s argument? a) Acme Sushi’s downtown location has white walls. b) Juan has eaten at Acme Sushi’s downtown location four times, and he has liked the food every single time. c) Maria likes both raw and cooked sushi, but Juan only likes cooked sushi. d) Maria hates when a restaurant uses previously frozen fish, just like Juan. e) Mike, Ahmed, Jennifer, and Cameron have all eaten at Acme Sushi’s downtown location, and they have all enjoyed the food there. f) Mike only like raw sushi, Ahmed likes both cooked and raw, Jennifer only likes sashimi, and Cameron likes anything on the menu. g) Maria just found out that the downtown location is closed for renovations, so she plans on going to the east location instead. h) Maria changes her conclusion to state that maybe she won’t like the food there, but she at least won’t find it disgusting. Part IV: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions. Make each of these statements true by indicating whether the condition is necessary, sufficient, necessary AND sufficient, or NEITHER necessary NOR sufficient. (3 pts each) 26. Oxygen is a _____________________condition for human life on Earth. 27. The existence of human life on Earth is a _________________________condition for the existence of oxygen. 28. Taking a plane from San Diego International Airport to Miami International Airport is a _________________________condition for being in Miami. 29. Having wings is a ________________________condition for a bird to fly. 30. John’s loving Mary is a _____________________________condition for Mary’s loving John. 31. Winning a raffle is a ______________________________condition for having a raffle ticket. 32. Frank being older than Bob is a _______________________________condition for Bob being younger than Frank. 33. A table having four sides is a _____________________________condition for the table being a square. 34. Jennifer having a sister is a _________________________condition for Jennifer being a sibling.
Purchase answer to see full attachment
User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Running Head: PHILOSOPHY EXAM

1

Philosophy Exam
Name
Institutional Affiliation

PHILOSOPHY EXAM

2

1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. B
9. A
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. D
14. B
15. C
16. A
17. C
18. C
19. C
20. B
21. A deductive argument is a kind of argument where the arguer intends to provide valid
premises and guarantee of the conclusion. In a deductive argument, the premises are intended to
offer full support for conclusion to be valid and strong that, if the premises are true or factual, it
will be impossible for the conclusion to be false (Polanyi, 2015). On the other hand, inductive
argument is a kind of argument where it is though that the premises offer reasons s...


Anonymous
Great! 10/10 would recommend using Studypool to help you study.

Studypool
4.7
Trustpilot
4.5
Sitejabber
4.4

Related Tags